Background: Although high HDL-C traditionally protects against arterial blockages, emerging evidence suggests it may paradoxically increase the risk of severe spontaneous brain bleeds. Objective: This hospital-based study evaluated the association between serum HDL-C status and acute hemorrhagic stroke within the Bangladeshi population. Methodology: This age- and gender-matched observational case-control study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital over an 18-month period (July 2018 to January 2020). It evaluated 296 adult participants, comprising 148 acute cases with radiologically confirmed, non-traumatic parenchymal hemorrhage presenting within 14 days and 148 matched healthy controls; patients on lipid-lowering or antithrombotic therapies and those with secondary bleeding etiologies were excluded. Following baseline blood pressure and admission GCS logging, fasting venous blood samples were analyzed for lipid profiles via automated enzymatic systems. Statistical evaluation was performed using unpaired Student's t-tests, Chi-square tests, and multivariate binary logistic regression to isolate independent odds ratios (p < 0.05). Results: Mean fasting HDL-C tiers were significantly elevated in stroke patients compared to healthy individuals (50.01 ± 9.95 mg/dL vs. 45.69 ± 9.71 mg/dL, p<0.001). Conversely, mean total cholesterol was depressed among cases (171.01 ± 32.15 mg/dL vs. 183.34 ± 32.82 mg/dL, p=0.001). Adjusted multivariate frameworks identified four independent indicators for acute cerebral bleeding: preexisting hypertension (OR: 3.788, p<0.001), fasting HDL-C ≥ 50 mg/dL (OR: 2.870, p<0.001), current smoking habits (OR: 2.417, p=0.005), and severe hypocholesterolemia <160 mg/dL (OR: 2.359, p=0.003). Localized hematoma diameter did not significantly correlate with absolute HDL-C values (r = -0.094, p=0.256). Conclusion: Elevated circulating fractions of HDL-C combined with low total cholesterol independent of advanced age show an independent association with spontaneous brain hemorrhage in Bangladeshi adults. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2026;12(1):9-14
Background: Assessing hand function in diabetic patients is essential for early detection and intervention. Objective: This study explored the correlation between Duruöz Hand Index (DHI) scores, a measure of hand dysfunction, and average hand grip strength in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methodology: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from April 2020 to March 2021. The population of this study consisted of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the age group 36 – 65 years, with diabetes duration >5 years. A total of 80 patients were selected as study subjects by purposive sampling technique. Results: The mean hand grip strength in the right hand of diabetic study participants wa s 21.38±4.23. Again, the mean hand grip strength in the left hand was 20.52 ±4.27. The average mean hand grip strength was 20.95 ±4.25. There was a weak negative correlation (r= -0.301) between the Duruöz Hand Index (DHI) of the diabetic study participants and their hand grip strength which was statistically significant (p=0.007). Conclusion: This study revealed a weak negative correlation between DHI scores and hand grip strength among these individuals. This highlights the significance of employing comprehensive assessments like the DHI to detect and address musculoskeletal complications in diabetes, thereby potentially improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2026;12(1):15-19
Background: Intussusception is defined as the telescoping of a proximal segment of the gastrointestinal tract within the lumen of the adjacent segment. Intussusception is a very common disease in children. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to present the spectrum of the causes of intussusception among adult patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was performed in the Department of Surgery at Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, on 9 admitted patients with features of intussusception who were admitted in the same hospital between December 2016 and December 2020. Patients were examined clinically and per-operatively to assess the cause of intussusception, and the specimen was sent for histopathology. Then all the collected histopathological reports were analyzed and collected in a tabulated form. Results: In this study, a total of 9 patients were included. Among them, the maximum age of the patient was 70 years, minimum age of the patient was 18 years. 66.7% of patients were male, and 33.3% of patients were female. A Total of 55.5% of the patients presented with acute symptoms and 44.4% of the patients presented with chronic symptoms. Causes of intussusception are neoplasm, infections like tuberculosis, Meckel’s Diverticulum, and congenital anomaly. Neoplasm accounts for 55.0% of patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, adult intussusception is a rare condition. The current evidence supports that adult intussusception is an indication for surgical treatment, as they are mostly caused by malignant lesion. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2026;12(1):58-63
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma can be presented with different size as well as different primarysite. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to relationship between tumor size and primary sitewith the frequency of histopathological confirmed cervical lymph nodes metastasis among primary oralsquamous cell carcinoma patients. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from November 2009 to December 2010 for a period of one year. Patients attending in the place of study with diagnosed case of oral squamous cell carcinoma were selected for the study after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The resected primary lesion and neck lymph nodes were sent for histopathological examination. Histopathological grading of the primary lesion was done and neck lymph nodes were graded as metastatic and non-metastatic. Results: A total of 50 patients with known oral squamous cell carcinoma were recruited in the study. Among the study subjects, maximum was from the age group of 45 to 54 years which was 17 cases. female was predominant than male which was 52.0% cases and 48.0% cases respectively. the larger the size of the tumor, the greater the chance of metastasis. T4 case showed highest (66.7%) nodal metastasis and the T1 cases showed the lowest (40.0%) chance of metastasis. T4 Primary SCC cases metastasis most in the cervical lymph node in the study subjects. Conclusion: In conclusion there is a to relationship between tumor size and primary site with the frequency of histopathological confirmed cervical lymph nodes metastasis among primary oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2026;12(1):95-100
Background: Breast masses are a common clinical finding, with various etiologies ranging from benign to malignant. The accurate characterization of these masses is crucial for appropriate clinical management, which often involves histopathological analysis to determine the nature of the lesion. Ultrasonography (USG) has emerged as a valuable imaging modality in the evaluation of breast masses due to its non-invasive nature, high sensitivity, and ability to provide real-time imaging. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare ultrasonographic and histopathological findings of breast masses. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Radiology and Imaging at Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, in collaboration with the Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology. A total of 100 patients were enrolled during the period from January 2017 to June 2019 to observe the role of ultrasonography in the evaluation of Breast Masses and its comparison with histopathology. Results: Among them, the mean age was 37.16 (±15.80) years. Regarding echotextural appearance, most of the masses were more or less hypoechoic (60%) followed by isoechoic masses (22.0%). Among 100 respondents, 43.0% of the cases showed posterior shadowing during sonographic evaluation, while in the remaining cases, it was absent. Of all, 16.0% of the cases had masses studded with calcified beads, while the rest didn’t show any. The majority showed benign features on sonography, while only 40.0% were malignant. Histopathology showed most of the masses to be benign (65.0%). USG had 91.43% sensitivity to correctly diagnose malignant lesions as malignant but much lower specificity (87.69%) to differentiate benign lesions as benign. Overall, the accuracy was 89.0%. Conclusion: In conclusion, ultrasonography (USG) demonstrates a commendable performance in discerning between benign and malignant breast masses. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, January 2026;12(1):31-36
