Kenaf is a fast-growing plant of the Malvaceae family.It is also known for its bast fiber.An experiment was conducted with twenty-five kenaf genotypes with geographic origins at the central jute agricultural experiment station of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Jagir, Manikganj using randomized complete block design with three replications to assess the genetic diversity of various morphological characters.Multivariate analyses were performed for this purpose.Twenty-five kenaf genotypes were grouped into five clusters while cluster II comprises maximum 7 genotypes followed by 5 genotypes in clusters III, IV, and cluster V.The first principal axis, plant height (m), accounted for the majority of the variation among genotypes, accounting for 74.07% of the total variation.The highest fiber weight was recorded by cluster V (19.00) while cluster I (10.33) showed the least fiber weight.The maximum and minimum inter-cluster distances were observed between clusters I and V (13.566) and I and III (2.602), respectively.Cluster I had the greatest intra-cluster distance (0.518), while Cluster V had the smallest (0.092).The inter-cluster distances were larger than the intra-cluster distances.Green bark thickness contributed maximum towards total divergence.The genotypes of clusters I (G5, G11, G12) and V (G1, G2, G22, G24, G25) were more diverse as they could be used as parents for future breeding programs.Recombination is enabled by genetic diversity, which is required for varietal development.Considering cluster distance, inter-genotypic distances G22 and G25 might be suggested for future breeding programs.
The study area of Bhopar Gaon Wetlands is situated in Kalyan Tehsil of Thane district in Maharashtra.The avifaunal diversity of the area was investigated using the point count method from the first week of February to the last week of April.In total, 56 species from 25 families were spotted during the study, including resident birds, migrant birds as well as birds belonging to vulnerable and near threatened categories of the IUCN Red list.A checklist of observations has been compiled.Construction activities and deforestation pose a threat to the bird diversity.There is increasing awareness about bird diversity and its significance nowadays.A checklist of the said area does not exist and will be very helpful in getting a complete picture of the biodiversity status of the state.Ornithological data is also a useful indicator of effects of environmental changes on an area, and the impact on bird migration, nesting and breeding can all be assessed with this data.Avifaunal cataloging plays a significant role in understanding the complex ecological and evolutionary patterns of the biodiversity of an area.The present study represents a modest step in that direction.
Paraquat Dichloride, a broad-spectrum herbicide, used for the killing of aquatic weeds in aquaculture ponds and reservoirs was tested on extensively cultured Indian Major Carp (IMC) Cirrhinus mrigala Ham..For this purpose, fingerlings of this economically important fish were exposed to the sub-lethal concentrations (LC 1/20th and LC 1/10th ) of paraquat continuously for 30 days by using the static renewal bioassay method.Post Exposure, the lipid peroxidation activity in 4 vital organs of the fish viz.gill, muscle, liver, and brain were estimated by E. D. Wills's method to rectify paraquat's toxicity.Annotated findings specified, a highly significant (p<0.001)chronological increase in lipid peroxidation activity (LPO) of gill, muscle, and liver tissues respectively in the LC 1/10th concentration group, while a moderately significant (p<0.01)increase in LPO activity of brain tissue in the same group.While the gill and the brain tissue of the LC 1/20th group showed moderately significant (p<0.01) and significant (p<0.05)increases in the LPO activity respectively.All changes showed their dependency on the time and concentration factor of the toxicant.Concluding the study, it was stated that, chronic paraquat sub-lethal exposure significantly increased the LPO activity in the vital tissues of Cirrhinus mrigala Ham.thus supporting its highly toxic nature and an immediate need to restrict its use as much as possible.
variety were maintained at College of Poultry Production and Management (CPPM), Hosur and were studied at Poultry Farm Complex (PFC), Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal during the period between April 2020 and April 2021.The reproduction parameters like Hen day egg production (HDEP), Hen housed egg production (HHEP), Hen housed hatching egg production (HHHEP), Fertility and Hatchability were studied.The Native chicken variety attained sexual maturity (149 days) much earlier than other native chicken in India.The results of hen housed egg production (No.) were 40.0±0.45 and 66.6±0.60 up to 40 th and 52 nd week, respectively.Fertility (per cent) of the Native chicken variety ranged between 93.1±0.21 and 95.9±0.32 with an average of 94.68 per cent.The recorded hatchability (TES) up to 52 weeks had ranged between 82.8±0.55 and 88.1±0.07 with an average hatchability of 85.70 per cent.The reproduction traits were higher than many other indigenous chicken with mean hatchability of 85.0 per cent, fertility of 94.8 per cent and production of 45.6 chicks per hen during the production period of 52 weeks.
Salinity is the key problem for crop cultivation in several regions of India.To study the plant growth and photosynthetic pigments of alfalfa under salinity stress, an experiment was conducted in a factorial design wherein alfalfa seeds were grown in polythene bags in triplicate, containing 3.5 kg sandy-loam soil, poor in NPK amended with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% (w/w) Farmyard manure (FYM).NaCl doses of 0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500mM were given for one month after the plants attained enough strength.Lower salinity doses of 10, 20 and 50mM with FYM proved to be the growth promoter for the plant.Peaks of shoot height (103.00cm),root depth (24.00cm), shoot dry biomass (8.97g/plant), root dry biomass (2.33g/plant) and leaf area (2467.17cm 2 /plant) were recorded in plants grown on soil amended with 15% FYM and treated with 50mM NaCl.Plant growth started to decrease at 100mM NaCl and afterwards.Comparatively, better performance of the plant and overall growth recorded in plants raised on soil amended with 15% FYM.Similarly, the highest chlorophyll a (0.71mg/g), chlorophyll b (0.86mg/g), carotenoids (0.48mg/g), chlorophyll a+b (1.57mg/g) were found in plants raised with 20% FYM at 50mM salt stress.Plants failed to survive at 500mM NaCl.The outcomes suggest that the interaction of fertilizer and lower salinity doses prove to be instrumental for the growth of alfalfa.
The present study encompasses the use of aquatic insects as bio-indicators for monitoring the health of two freshwater lakes-Varuna Lake and Dalvoy Lake in Mysore district, Karnataka, India.Monthly sampling from six sampling sites in both lakes was conducted for a period of six months (April 2019-September 2019) between 7:00 a.m.-10:00 a.m.local time.A total of 34 species of aquatic insects were recorded, 28 species from Varuna Lake and 22 species from Dalvoy Lake.The insect orders Coleoptera and Hemiptera accounted for the highest number of species from both lakes.The diversity indices such as the Shannon index (2.86),Evenness (0.62), and Margalef's index (4.64)were higher in Varuna Lake as compared to Dalvoy Lake.Family-level biotic indices and scores further revealed that Varuna Lake was the least polluted and had higher species richness than Dalvoy Lake.Physicochemical factors like electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, calcium, and hardness were elevated in Dalvoy Lake, suggesting perturbation of the water.The results of our study suggest that biotic indices, in conjunction with physicochemical studies, are useful for determining the overall health status of a particular water body.
The subspecies or variety classification of Cryptocoryne spiralis is of great difficulty, caused by large variability in leaf and flower morphology.There is evidence in the literature on Cryptocoryne spiralis species that the extant description of the species is an amalgamation of two (or even more) different ecotypes, which is strengthened by reports of Allopolyploidy, and varying number of Chromosomes as reported by different cytologists, a rare phenomenon in the family Araceae.After extensive study of this species in its natural habitats of western India and cultivation, based on ecotypes, we propose to bifurcate this Species into two, Plaudis and Aquatica ecotypes based on observed significant differences in characteristics.Plaudis, Ephemeral, lacustrine and wetland ecotype which cannot thrive in Aquarium, does not grow well in any artificial conditions, has spurt growth pattern in torrential Konkan rain and becomes dormant in hot summers.Aquatica is riverine, rheophyte, perennial, aquatic ecotype, grows well in Aquarium, frequently flowering and fruiting, rapid germination of seeds and no observable dormancy period.These differences in traits are statistically significant at a p value of 0.05 (95% confidence interval).This study is morphological observations only and not on chromosome and DNA studies.
This is the first record of an avifaunal checklist of birds reported from the Sikkal tank in the Ramanathapuram district of Tamil Nadu.The study was conducted from January 2022 to February 2023.The present study documented 86 bird species from 16 orders and 41 families.Among the families, Ardeidae (7 species) was dominant, followed by Accipitridae (5 species), Cuculidae, Columbidae, Rallidae, Cisticolidae, and Threskiornithidae (4 species each), and Anatidae, and Alaudidae (3 species each) that represented the bird species of the tank.Among the waterbirds, we recorded four globally Near Threatened species -Blackheaded Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus, Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster, Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala, and Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis, according to the IUCN Red List category.Sixty-five (75.6%) bird species were common during the study; fifteen (17.4%) uncommon and six rare.83% (n = 68) were residents, 5% (n = 4) were resident/not breeding, 3% (n = 3) were local migrants, 8% (n = 7) were winter visitors, and one species was a passage migrant (Rosy Starling Pastor roseus).This baseline valuable information from the Sikkal tank could serve as data for avian conservation strategies and emphasize the need for the protection of new wetland areas by elevating the protection status in the ever-increasing developmental pressure of the society.
