Purpose: The consumption of cigarettes in Indonesia has been increasing on an annual basis. A shift in consumer preferences with regard to the purchasing of cigarettes has been observed. The government of Indonesia has the capacity to regulate the purchase of cigarettes with the objective of controlling cigarette consumption. The objective of study is to analyse cigarette consumer preferences in Indonesia and to ascertain the willingness of cigarette consumers in Indonesia to pay. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study utilised data from an online questionnaire, with a total 101 respondents. The questionnaire incorporated five attributes: type, content, taste, number of sticks, and price. The analysis employed was Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) analysis through the stages of attribute identification and choice set construction. Findings: The findings were derived from the calculation of conditional logistic regression, wherein the attributes of content, taste, and number of sticks exhibited positive utility values, while the attributes of type and price demonstrated negative utility values. Consumer preferences were found to be oriented towards cigarette products that were characterised by filter type, mild content, original taste, and a pack size of 12 sticks. An increase in price was found to result in a decrease in consumption. A survey of consumer spending habits revealed that the following prices were considered affordable: Rp 34,777 for kretek cigarettes, Rp 37,045 for mild cigarettes, Rp 59,479 for original cigarettes, and Rp 46,282 for 16 sticks. The findings of this study indicate that producers can develop product strategies aligned with consumer preferences and willingness to pay, thereby enhancing market competitiveness and better targeting consumer demand. Originality/Value/Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in providing a comprehensive understanding of the cigarette attributes that are the top priorities for cigarette consumers in Indonesia when making purchasing decisions, using the DEC approach, and their willingness to pay for cigarette products, as measured by Willingness To Pay (WTP).
Purpose: This study examines how peer social effect (PSE) is associated with smallholder rice farmers' decisions to adopt combine harvester (CH) services in East Java, Indonesia, and tests whether this association is moderated by digital information access, household operational assets, and farmer-group membership — challenging the conventional assumption in diffusion literature that peer exposure uniformly accelerates technology uptake. Design/Methodology/Approach: Cross-sectional survey data from 300 rice farmers are analyzed using an IV-Probit model. Endogenous PSE is instrumented with average PSE per referral and a social diversity index; interaction terms capture the moderating role of digital access, car ownership, and farmer-group membership. Identification and weak-instrument diagnostics support the validity of the IV strategy. Findings: Contrary to conventional diffusion expectations, PSE shows a negative and statistically significant association with CH adoption, suggesting that local peer environments transmit caution and norm-conforming restraint rather than pro-adoption signals. Digital information access is positively associated with adoption and significantly attenuates this negative PSE-adoption association, indicating that online information helps farmers verify and act on peer-derived knowledge. Interaction effects for car ownership and farmer-group membership are positive but statistically non-significant, though farmer-group membership retains a significant direct association with adoption. Distance to CH providers and limited public Wi-Fi proximity jointly constrain adoption, reinforcing digital access as an adoption channel, while participation in Tebas (pre-harvest crop-purchase) arrangements further limits adoption incentives. Originality/Value/Novelty: The study departs from the standard diffusion assumption that peer effects uniformly accelerate technology adoption, showing instead that peer influence can restrain uptake through norm-conforming caution. By identifying digital verification as the mechanism through which this restraint is attenuated, the study links social and digital infrastructure in agricultural mechanization research — a connection largely unaddressed in prior peer-effect and technology-adoption literature — and offers a socially restrain framework for understanding mechanization service-use decisions.
Purpose: Dairy farming contributes to food security, income generation and employment to smallholder dairy farmers in Temeke, yet its financial viability under real market conditions remain insufficiently documented. Design/Methodology/Approach: A case study design was employed, using primary data that was collected through structured questionnaire administered to the purposively selected five representative smallholder dairy farms between October and November 2025 in Temeke District, Tanzania. Investment cost, operating expenses and revenue streams were gathered and analyzed using Investment Appraisal criteria including Net Present Value, Gross and Net Benefit ratio, Internal Rate of Return and Payback Period over seven years project life at 8% discount rate. Findings: The study results revealed that smallholder dairy farming is economically viable, the positive NPV indicates that future discounted returns substantially exceed the investment capital, the Gross B/C ratio greater than 1 explains that gross revenues is more than total costs, and the Net B/C ratio confirms that net benefits outweigh net costs. The IRR of 25.78% substantially exceeds the 8% discount rate, indicating that the project generates returns well above the cost of capital, while a Payback Period of less than two years significantly reduces investment risk for capital-constrained smallholders. Sensitivity analysis reveals that revenue is the dominant risk factor. Originality/Value/Novelty: The study provides comprehensive multi criteria investment appraisal combined with sensitivity analysis for peri-urban smallholder dairy systems in Tanzania establishing achievable economic standards. The study findings offer guidance for farmers planning for dairy investment, for policymakers in developing input support programs against price volatility and for financial institutions designing financial solutions suited to sector’s risk profile.
Purpose: This study aims to examine how lifestyle-based consumer segments influence preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for fruit salad product attributes in urban Indonesia. Specifically, it investigates the moderating role of lifestyle dimensions—physical activity, dietary habits, mental wellness, and perceived health benefits in shaping consumer preferences for key product attributes. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative study was conducted using a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) with a D-efficient design consisting of nine choice sets. Data were collected from 150 urban fruit salad consumers in Indonesia. Consumer preferences were analyzed using the Conditional Logit model, while marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) estimates were calculated using the Krinsky–Robb simulation approach. Lifestyle dimensions based on the Activities, Interests, and Opinions (AIO) framework were incorporated into the utility function to capture preference heterogeneity. Findings: The results indicate that consumers showed stronger preferences for fruit salad products with box packaging, online ordering platforms, and low-calorie nutritional labels. Lifestyle characteristics significantly influenced attribute preferences, with consumers exhibiting stronger dietary and mental wellness orientations demonstrating greater preferences for hygienic packaging and health-related labeling. The MWTP estimates further revealed that consumers were willing to pay price premiums for these preferred attributes, highlighting the economic value of health-oriented product differentiation in the urban fruit market. Originality/Value/Novelty: This study extends the application of Discrete Choice Experiments in agrifood marketing by integrating AIO-based lifestyle dimensions directly into the utility framework rather than treating lifestyle merely as a descriptive consumer characteristic. By providing monetized willingness-to-pay estimates for ready-to-eat fruit products in an emerging market, the study offers novel evidence on how lifestyle heterogeneity shapes consumer preferences and supports more effective product design, pricing,and marketing strategies for agrifood MSMEs and downstream horticultural businesses in urban Indonesia.
Purpose: This study aims to examine the multi-stage and interregional dynamics of rice price transmission in Indonesia by incorporating government intervention through BULOG rice prices. Specifically, it analyzes price linkages across the rice supply chain and compares Central Java and North Sumatra to identify regional differences in transmission patterns. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employs monthly time-series data from 2019 to 2024, covering farmer-level harvested dry paddy prices, milling-level paddy prices, producer rice prices, BULOG consumer rice prices, and national rice prices. The analysis applies cointegration tests, Error Correction Model (ECM), Vector Autoregression (VAR), Granger causality, Impulse Response Function (IRF), and Forecast Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) to capture long-run equilibrium, short-run dynamics, causal relationships, and shock transmission across market levels. Findings: The results indicate that rice price transmission differs across regions and supply chain stages. North Sumatra generally records higher producer and consumer rice prices, whereas Central Java exhibits greater upstream price volatility. Long-run equilibrium is found only between farmer-level and milling-level paddy prices, with adjustment speeds of 26.35% in Central Java and 25.19% in North Sumatra. Price transmission at subsequent stages is mainly short-term and dynamic. Government intervention through BULOG contributes to supply stabilization and price shock mitigation, but its influence on the overall price transmission mechanism remains limited. Originality/Value/Novelty: This study contributes to the literature by integrating a multi-stage supply chain framework, an interregional comparison, and government intervention through BULOG rice prices in a unified empirical model. The findings provide policy-relevant insights for designing more adaptive, region-specific, and market-integrated rice price stabilization strategies.
