Introduction:Bipolar Affective Disorder is cyclic swinging of mood between mania or hypomania and depression. The present study aimed to examine cognitive regulation in patients with bipolar disorder using the cyberspace-based family-centered intervention.Method:This study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design and a follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included patients with bipolar disorder and a family member. 30 patients with a family member were selected by convenient sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Garnefski Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) was the research tool. After administration of the questionnaires, the Miklowitz family-focused therapy was performed for the experimental group using cyberspace. At the end of the course, participants in both groups were evaluated using the research tools. Data were analyzed using SPSS22 software and mixed analysis of variance with the repeated measures.Result:The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the Miklowitz model led to a significant difference in the score of emotion regulation with an effect size of 45% in the experimental and control groups (P<0.05). In other words, the cognitive emotion regulation and its subscales have been evident in the experimental group. Conclusion:As a result, it can be said that the use of the Miklowitz model through cyberspace affects cognitive emotion regulation and subscales of self-blame, acceptance, rumination, positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, positive reappraisal, putting into perspective, catastrophizing, and other-blame.Declaration of Interest: None
Introduction: Chronic pain and the experience of living with it are unique. Individual perception of pain is affected by physical, psychological, and social variables. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on anxiety and depression and physical symptoms of patients with chronic pain.Method: This study was a semi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all outpatients of men and women referred to all medical centers in Tehran in 2019 who had received a definitive diagnosis of chronic pain by neurologists, rheumatologists and psychiatrists, and other relevant specialists. The sampling method in this study had two stages: first, through available sampling, selected from several women with a definite diagnosis of chronic pain, and then, based on inclusion criteria and conducting a pre-test session with interviews. A clinical trial conducted by a researcher under the supervision of a psychiatrist based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, 30 women (15 for each group) of women who had the highest scores (as baseline) after completion The questionnaires were selected by simple random sampling method and after random allocation, they were replaced in two groups of intervention and control. Data were obtained using the Beck depression questionnaire and the Beck anxiety questionnaire. Repeated variance analysis was used to analyze the data. The above analysis was carried out using SPSS.22 software.Results: The results showed that the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was effective on anxiety and depression and physical symptoms of people with chronic pain.Conclusion: It can be concluded that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is effective in reducing anxiety, depression, and physical symptoms of people with chronic pain and can be used to improve psychological problems in people with chronic pain.
Introduction: The need for research was felt that chronic pain is one of the most common pains in patients with psychological problems and the use of psychological therapies. This study aimed to compare the performance of CBT and ACT on resilience and diagnostic factors (CBC-ESR-CRP) in patients with chronic pain in Tehran.Method:This study was applied in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of research design method and was pre-test and post-test with thecontrol group. The statistical population in this study consisted of all people with chronic pain disorders who referred to private orthopedic clinics in Tehran and sampling was done with a purposive approach. 36 people were selected by purposive samplingmethod. After selection was based on entry and exit criteria, 24 people were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (cognitive therapy group and act therapy group) and control (a group of 12 people). Participants completed Resilience Questionnaire (Conner-Davidson Resilience) before and after the interventions. Results: The findings of this study showed that both ACT and CBT approaches have the necessary effect on resilience, and diagnostic factors (of course, on two of them, ESR-CRP). The findings show that there is no significant difference between the ACT and CBT approachesConclusion: Therefore, CBT and ACT were effect on resilience and diagnostic factors (CBC-ESR-CRP) in patients with chronic pain.Declaration of Interest: None
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (M.S) is the most common debilitating disease that also affects thephysical, mental, and social functioning of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate theeffectiveness of online compassion therapy on depression, anxiety and chronic fatigue severity infemale patients with multiple sclerosis.Method: The present study was a pre-test, post-test applied and experimental study with a controlgroup. The sample consisted of 30 patients with multiple sclerosis living in Shiraz in 2020 whowere selected by convenience sampling method. They randomly divided into experimental andcontrol groups. Participants were tested on the Depression, Anxiety, and Chronic Fatigue Scales,and an online compassion-based treatment plan was presented to the experimental group in 8 twohour sessions. Descriptive statistics and covariance test were used to analyze the data.Result: Patients showed a significant improvement in the severity of symptoms in all threevariables. The results showed a significant difference in depression, anxiety and chronic fatigueseverity scores between the groups at posttest (P <0.001).Conclusion: Online CFT can be used as an effective therapy to improve mental disorders andmental health of MS patients in case of evidence for proof of effectiveness of CFT. So, onlinecompassion-focused group therapy can reduce the negative psychological consequences of peoplewith multiple sclerosis by reducing negative emotions and increasing a person's attention toimproving their condition.Declaration of Interest: None
Introduction: The chronic and continuous aspect of anxiety can be seen as a source of failure, Uncompromising, and widespread despair that deprives a person from a major part of his or her potential. This research aimed to study the effects of music on mind to reduce the symptoms of anxiety of women with uterine, ovary, and breast cancer.Methods: The statistical Society of this study consisted of all women living in Tehran. Using a semi-experimental pattern and using the available sampling method among female volunteers, 28 women were selected with a standard deviation above the average score of perceived stress based on input-output criteria and randomized in two experimental and control groups (each Group of 14 people) were replaced. Initially, both groups by means of pre-exam were tested, then the music therapy intervention group (based on the music protocol for the mind) received. At the end, both groups responded to the research tool (post-test). Measurement tools in this study was Perceived anxiety control questionnaire (ACQ); Anxiety Sensitivity Index and (ASI-3) perceived stress scale (PSS).Results: In this study, data analysis using the twenty-fourth version of the SPSS software and the use of one-way and multi-way analysis of variance showed that music intervention for the mind to reduce perceived stress and sensitivity to anxiety and Increased perceptions of anxiety control in people with cancer in the experimental group compared to the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that music intervention for the mind with the aim of reducing sensitivity to anxiety, as well as increasing the perception of anxiety control can have a positive effect on women with breast, uterine and ovarian cancer.Declaration of interest: None
Interoduction: Anxiety among students can lead to decreased performance and may be associated with other psychological and biological consequences. Therefore, it deserves clinical attention. On the other hand, reinforcing positive resources such as feelings, behaviors, and positive cognitions can be used as an important intervention in managing and improving mood disorders. This study evaluated the efficacy of positive psychotherapyon improving executive function and modulating serum cortisol levels in patients with anxiety.Method: In a randomized controlled clinical trial, 30 students with anxiety symptoms were selected using purposive sampling method and were assigned to experimental and control groups through block randomization method after confirming entry criteria. The intervention was presented to the experimental group in a positive approach for ten weekly sessions and the control group was placed on the waiting list. Changes in the executive functions index were considered as primary outcomes and serum cortisol levels fluctuations were considered as secondary outcomes. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS 21 software. Result: Primary outcomesshowed that ten weeks of positive therapy had a significant effect on improvement of executive function (p<0.001). Secondary outcomes also showed that positive psychotherapy was effective in decreasing serum cortisol levels (p<0.001).Conclusion: Results showed that positive psychotherapy had a significant effect on the improvement of executive function and reducing serum cortisol levels. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of psychotherapy on the prefrontal cortex (PFC)and its interaction with the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function.Declaration of Interest: None.Declaration of Interest: None
Introduction: Driving behavior is a multifactor and high-risk behavior that was affected by severalfactors such as, individual, social and situational. Therefore, the present research aimed to study themediating role of cognitive flexibility on the relationship between personality traits and drivingbehavior.Method: Method was descriptive- correlation SEM. The statistical population comprised of all themale drivers of intercity buses in Tehran terminals. 210 participants were selected by multi clustersampling and completed the questionnaires of Manchester Driving Behavior (MDBQ), NEO FiveFactor (NEO-FFI) and Cognitive Flexibility (CFI). Data analyzed using structural equationmodeling (SEM) and the soft wares of Amos-21 and SPSS-19.Result: The results showed that the personality traits of neuroticism, agreeableness andconscientiousness have a direct effect on high-risk driving behaviors. Also, personality traits ofneuroticism, extroversion, and conscientiousness have an indirect effect on high-risk drivingbehaviors through cognitive flexibility (p<. 05).Conclusion: Cognitive flexibility mediates on the relationship of personality traits of neuroticism,extroversion and conscientiousness with high-risk driving behaviors. Therefore, according to theeffect of human factors in high-risk driving behaviors was suggested to develop a psychoeducational package for promoting safe driving behaviors in drivers.
Introduction: Considering the importance of meaning of life and its role in mental health, thepurpose of the current study is to examine the psychometric properties of LAP-R, an instrument thatmeasures the meaning of life on the extensive components.Method: 500 students from different levels of education of Shahed University of Tehran wereselected by proportional sampling method and after translating and retranslating of LAP-R,responded to LAP-R with the Spirituality Assessment Inventory (SAI), the Self-Esteem RatingScale- Short Form (SERS-SF) and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Afterperforming the questionnaires, the results of validity and reliability of LAP-R were analyzed bystatistical analysis.Result: As the results of current study showed, there was a high correlation between manysubscales of LAP-R with SAI, SERF-SF and PANAS. Also, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient andthe correlation between the test-retest of LAP-R was appropriate (P<0.01). The correlation of thetest-retest of this scale ranged from 0.61 to 0.81(P<0.01). Also, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ofthe subscales and the overall score of this scale ranged from 0.65 to 0.86.Conclusion: Considering the appropriate correlation of LAP-R with other scales as well as theresults of test-retest correlation and Cronbach`s alpha, it can be said that this questionnaire hasappropriate validity and reliability.Declaration of Interest: None
Introduction: Healthy lifestyle can play a significant role in the health and quality of students' life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concept of healthy lifestyle among students living in dormitories and factors affecting their lifestyle.Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted as a semi-structured interview with 18 female students residing in the dormitory of Shahid Beheshti University. These students were selected through purposive sampling. Interviews were analyzed in four contexts: the concept of healthy lifestyles, examining students' lifestyles, evaluating their lifestyles, and factors affecting their lifestyles. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: The results showed that there are two distinct areas regarding the concept of a healthy lifestyle from the students' perspective: first, the dimensions that the healthy lifestyle contains and second, the principles on which a healthy lifestyle should be based. There were also five groups of factors affecting students' lifestyles: avoidance of family (e.g. independence), internal factors (e.g. individual characteristics), university and dormitory conditions (e.g. time), relationships (e.g. Roommate), macro factors (e.g. social, economic).Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the educational and cultural authorities of the universities need to pay more attention to the lifestyle of the students.
Cognitive Behavioral Psychodrama Group Therapy (CBPGT) is an effective model for working with the clinical example by Shay (this issue).The approach incorporates cognitive behavioral and psychodrama interventions, allowing group members to identify and modify negative thinking, behavior, and interpersonal patterns while increasing engagement in positive and success-based experiences (Treadwell, Dartnell, Travaglini, Staats & Devinney, 2016). The CBPGT environment creates a safe and supportive climate where clients can practice new thinking and behaviors and share their concerns freely with group members (Treadwell, Kumar, & Wright, 2004; Treadwell, Travaglini, Reisch, & Kumar, 2011). Students and clinical populations respond well to this approach and, as a result, are able to develop an awareness of their dysfunctional thought patterns and beliefs that play an important role in mood regulation. One of the most important elements of CBPGT is that it is data driven. CBPGT adds a new dimension to the fields of both cognitive behavior and group therapy and is built on a proven efficacious model. The integration of these methods may be beneficial for clients who have not responded to more traditional approaches.
Introduction:Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on illness perception and adherence to treatment among patients with multiple sclerosis.Method:The present study was a quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest design. The statistical population of this study were all patients with multiple sclerosis under the auspices of the MS Society of Tehran in 2019. Forty-five women with multiple sclerosis were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups: acceptance and commitment therapy (n=15) and control group (n=15). Data were obtained with the revised illness perception questionnaire (IPQ-R) and the multiple sclerosis treatment adherence questionnaire (MS-TAQ). The repeated measurement analysis of variance and SPSS.22 software were used to analyze data.Result: The results showed that the acceptance and commitment therapy was effective on illness perceptions (p<0.001) and adherence to treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy focus more on the outcome of the thought or how the person relates to their thoughts rather than on the content of the thought or attempt to eliminate it.Declaration of Interest: None
Introduction:Gestational diabetes is the most common metabolic complication of pregnancy, affecting 10%-15% of all pregnancies, depending on diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitmenttherapy and compassion-focused therapy on the quality of life and health-promoting behaviors of mothers with gestational diabetes.Method:The research method was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The statistical population of this study was all pregnant women referred to Milad Hospital in Tehran in 2019.45participantswere randomly selected and placed in three groups of acceptance and commitment therapy, compassion-focused therapy, and control group.The follow-up phase was performed on all three groups three months after the post-test. The research tools included the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale and the Walker Health-Promoting Lifestyle Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate covariance analysis by spss.22. Result:The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion-focused therapy had a significant effect on improving the quality of life and health-promoting behaviors in women with gestational diabetes (P<0.001).Conclusion:It can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy has a greater impact on the quality of life and health-promoting behaviors of women with gestational diabetes than compassion-focused therapy. It encourages individuals to communicate their experiences fully and without resistance as they move towardstheir worthy goals and to accept them without judgment. Declaration of Interest: None
Introduction: Given the importance of screening as one of the health behaviors in breast cancer, the aim of this research is to develop and evaluate the psychometric characteristics of Health Behavior Constructs Scale (HBCS) for breast cancer screening.Methods: In this cross sectional study, 376 women who referred to Javaheri Health Center during the study period due to health problems, were selected through convenience sampling method. Then, the instrument was developed and its content and face validities were examined. To ensure divergent and convergent validity, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used. Internal consistency method (Cronbach's alpha) was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Finally, confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity of the Health Behavior Constructs Scale and SPSS and LISREL software were applied for analyzing data.Results: The findings of this study provided strong supports, which confirmed the content and face validities. Regarding the convergent and divergent validity, perceived vulnerability, perceived severity and deterioration, and perceived barriers have a direct and significant relationship with the three variables of depression, anxiety, and stress. On the other hand, perceived self-efficacy and perceived motivation had a significant inverse correlation with all three variables of depression, anxiety, and stress. The results of the Cronbach's alpha indicated the appropriate internal consistency of the whole questionnaire and its components. Cronbach's alpha for the whole questionnaire was 0.75. According to confirmatory factor analysis, the goodness of fit indicators of proposed model were confirmed and all paths were significant.Conclusion: HBCS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring the screening behavior of breast cancer in Iranian women and it appears to be a comprehensive and useful instrument for assessing women's beliefs related to breast cancer and breast cancer screening.
Introduction:Schizophrenia is a group of mental disorders that its main characteristics are failure to understand reality and inability to do daily tasks. Anthropometry, which is a type of biometrics, is a science that measures the dimensions and angles of body parts, as well as skin lines and fingerprints on living people. Perhaps knowledge about natural features of finger dimensions provides useful information in the field of medical anthropometry. Therefore, anthropometric properties of the fingers can be used to identify and develop research in this topic. And given that finger length, like brain development, is formed by a family of developmental genes. So, the objective was to find a link between brain violation and finger length.Method:This study was a case-control and cross-sectional sampling was done in the one-year. The index and ring finger lengths of both hands in 62 schizophrenic men and 72 healthy subjects who were not diagnosed and aged 18 to 65 years old living in Khorasan Razavi were measured by digital caliper.Result:Significant differences were observed between the average index finger lengths (2d:4d) in men’s right hand of healthy and schizophrenic subjects. Among other variables, significant differences weren’tobserved between healthy and patients. Conclusion:It may seem that the results above are used by methods for genetic studies of biometric changes in people with schizophrenia from the index finger length ratio to the right and left ring fingers for further studies to make an estimation and generation. It’s essential to spread the similar statistical research wider statistical societies.Declaration of Interest: None
Introduction: The therapeutic consequences of extramarital relationships is a difficult issue amongtherapists, so majority of clinicians are faced with several challenges. Although, they are not able toconceptualize and modify these issues with a suitable and recognized approach, the purpose of thisstudy was to identify common elements of psychological evidence-based therapies in order todevelop multi-dimensional intervention for females involved in extramarital relationships.Method: This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was a qualitative content analysisto identify factors influencing the extramarital relations in three steps. The second phase aimed todesign and develop multi-dimensional treatments using common elements identified in the firststudy. This procedure conducted according to Garland et al., method.Result: Sixty-four effective factors identified in four categories: individual’s personality, familyeducational, cultural-social and religious-beliefs. In the second phase , 13 effective therapeuticapproaches in the treatment of extramarital relationships were selected. Finally, 10 commontherapeutic elements were developed to design a protocol for extramarital relationships involvedfemales.Conclusion: This treatment emphasized on helping women with the experience of extramaritalrelationship who want to save their marital commitment and family.Declaration of Interest: None
Introduction: Despite the benefits of exercisemany people in different countries specially students, have not enough physical activity. The aim of this research is to study exercise behavior of medical students in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences based on stages of change model and assess itsrelationship with students’ self-efficacy.Method: All of the 309 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences participated in this cross-sectional study. The data collection methodwas a questionnaire which consistedof four parts: demographic characteristics, the pattern of weekly physical activity, the level of exercise behavior which was based on stages of change model and finally the questions which assess exercises self-efficacy. Results: Atotalof 309students(46.6% male and 53.4% female) participated in this study. The mean (SD) of their age was 21.57 (2.20). Based on the stages of change model 117 (37.9%) students were on the pre-contemplation stage. 78 (25.2%), 45 (14.6%), 27 (8.7%) and 42 (13.6%) students were on the contemplation, readiness, action and maintenance stage, respectively. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between students’ exercise self-efficacyand their stages of change (p< 0.001).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, exercise self-efficacy had an important role in students’ exercise behavior. Therefore, it seems to be important for related institutions such as Physical Education Organization tofocus a part of their activities on improving thelevel of exercise self-efficacy in students. Declaration of Interest: None
Introduction: Sexual satisfaction is one of the most basic aspects of cohabitation and is a key factor in the quality of human life. Sexual arousal disorder is a clinical diagnosis for female sexual dysfunction characterized by decreased libido and sexual arousal accompanied by anxiety. The present study is the first clinical trial in Iranian society to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on arousal, intimacy and sexual self-concept of women with sexual arousal disorder. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 30 women with a diagnosis of sexual interest/arousal disorder were selected from patients referred to medical centers in Isfahan using purposive sampling based on screening and were assigned into two treatment and wait-list groups using block randomization method. The designed treatment package based on acceptance and commitment was presented to the experimental group for eight weekly sessions. The three indices of arousal, intimacy and sexual self-concept were evaluated in three time stages and the data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (rANOVA). Results: Preliminary results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on the three indices of arousal, intimacy and sexual self-concept (all p's <0.05). Secondary results showed that the effectiveness of treatment remained stable until the 3-month follow-up stage (all p's <0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the indices of arousal, intimacy and sexual self-concept. These findings may be associated with clinical applications in the design of therapeutic interventions in this area.
Introduction: One of the biggest challenges of the 21st century for health systems around the world is the increasing burden of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to predict mental well-being based on personality dimensions and emotional intelligence mediated by adherence to treatment in diabetic patients.Methods: This research is a descriptive-correlational type, which has been analyzed using multivariate regression method. The statistical population of this study included all diabetic patients aged 30 to 60 years, who in the third quarter of the year 2019 referred to the office of endocrinologists, kidney and internal medicine specialist in 5 areas (north-south-center-east-west) of Tehran Municipality. Out of 714 people who referred to these centers, 267 people were selected as the sample by targeted sampling method and answered the Reef psychological well-being questionnaire, neo personality dimensions, shot emotional intelligence and following Modanlu treatment. SPSS software was used to analyze the statistical data. Results: The results of multivariate regression showed that 70% of the variance of psychological well-being in diabetic patients is explained by the variables of neuroticism, emotional intelligence, conscientiousness and extraversion, while the variables of openness to experience, pleasantness and adherence to psychotherapy did not have significant relation with psychological well-being.Conclusion: The results of this study, which are largely consistent with other research findings, indicate that high levels of emotional intelligence, conscientiousness and extraversion, and low levels of neuroticism increase the psychological well-being of diabetic patients.
Introduction:The decision to have cosmetic surgery is greatly affected by psychological problems. The high number of cosmetic surgery requests, which can be one of the consequences of psychological damage in the stages of mental development, shows the significance of paying attention to the role of thematic relationships, personality organization and ego strength. This study aimed to explain the body image model based on object relations, and the mediating role of personality and ego strength in people referring to cosmetic surgery centers.Method:This study was conducted through a descriptive -correlational approach. The statistical population included all people who referred to Vanak Cosmetic Surgery Center in Tehran in spring and summer of 2020, a sample of 350 subjects were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected through Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, Bell's Object Relations Inventory, the Kernberg’sInventory of Personality and Psychosocial Inventory of Ego-strengths. The data were analyzed by a path analysis of structural equation modeling.Results: The structural equation modelling of body image, object relations, personality organization and ego strength directly and indirectly demonstrated significant fitness (RMSEA: 0.07). Among indirect paths, mediator variables including personality organization and ego strength were significant.Conclusion: Injury in the initial object relations can affect thecreation of a negative body image among people seeking cosmetic surgery by creating a negative feeling in the person and then by affecting the personality organization and ego strength.Declaration of Interest: None
Introduction: Most of the people have at least one smartphone, spending most of their time, approximately 20 hours a week, on their smartphone. The main purpose of the current research was to study model structure of social network addiction among male and female students.Method: In terms of purpose, the research is practical and in terms of data collection method is descriptive based on survey. In spite of various social networks, only two, Telegram and Instagram, have been chosen. The statistical population of the study were 5196 students studying in Azad Islamic University, Garmsar Branch. Student form of Social media addiction scale (SMAS-SF) and demographic information questionnaire were applied to all the research participants.Results: Among 397 subjects, 114 individuals, 28.7% used only Telegram, 72 individuals used only Instagram and 211 of them use both Telegram and Instagram. Comparing the means shows that Internet addiction among male students was higher than female ones (p<0.05). The results of ANOVA showed the highest social network addiction is among the age groups 25 years and younger, and the lowest mean is for the age group 41 years and older.Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that among the students of the sample, the rate of addiction to social networks is higher than average, and the necessary interventions should be provided to solve this problem.
