The study aimed to examine verbal fluency as an indicator of executive functions in a person diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder compared to a typically functioning individual. The Verbal fluency test (VFT) is used, which includes phonemic and semantic fluency tasks. The test was conducted on two participants - one with schizophrenia and one control participant from the typical population. The number of words produced within the given time limits was measured, as well as qualitative aspects such as clustering and shifting. Results showed a significant decrease in phonemic fluency in the person with schizophrenia, while semantic fluency was mildly reduced but relatively preserved. Results were within the expected ranges in the participant from the typical population, with clearly expressed verbal flexibility and appropriate control of verbal production. The findings confirm that the VFT can effectively identify differences in executive functions and lexical-semantic system organization between these groups. The test represents a valuable tool in neuropsychological assessment, especially in the context of the schizophrenia spectrum, allowing for differential diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression.
Bone atrophy is a process of a qualitative nature, which occurs due to the weakened function of osteoblasts, while the function of osteoclasts is preserved. The work aims to draw attention to the fact that bone atrophy is a relevant elemental process in various pathological bone conditions and one of the signs of an atrophic complex, while the material of the work consists of selected roentgenogram from our own film library with bone atrophy acquired over many years of work in the profession. Through some characteristic pathological conditions and through illustrations, we show the atrophy of the bones of the skeleton. Conclusion: Skeletal bone atrophy is one of the relevant X-ray signs of skeletal bone disease by which elementary processes in bones are read, and combined into sets, symptom complexes or syndromes, which are sometimes more and sometimes less characteristic of certain diseases. In the radiological diagnosis of atrophy of the bone-joint system of the skeleton, the knowledge of radiologists and orthopedists is of relevant importance.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a congenital anomaly characterized by a defect in the diaphragm, allowing abdominal organs to herniate into the thoracic cavity. It is most commonly diagnosed during the neonatal period; however, cases diagnosed beyond this period have also been described. We present the case of a 14-month-old male child referred from a regional healthcare center to our institution due to marked irritability during the day, gastrointestinal symptoms, and abnormal findings on the plain chest and abdomen radiographies, which raised suspicion of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The main gastrointestinal symptom was vomiting, with a normal stool pattern and no presence of blood. Upon admission, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of the chest and abdomen confirmed herniation of abdominal contents into the right hemithorax, consistent with a right-sided Bochdalek hernia. Exploration of the abdominal cavity was performed through a right subcostal laparotomy. Loops of the small intestine were observed herniating through a posterolateral defect of the right hemidiaphragm into the right thoracic cavity. Careful reduction of the small intestine into the abdominal cavity was followed by medial and cranial mobilization of the liver, which allowed for clear visualisation of the diaphragmatic defect. The defect was repaired using interrupted sutures. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged home on the seventh postoperative day. Although late-presenting congenital diaphragmatic hernia generally has a favourable prognosis, it should not be regarded as a benign condition. This entity should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with respiratory and/or gastrointestinal symptoms unresponsive to standard therapy, especially when abnormalities are noted on plain chest radiography.
Job satisfaction is recognized as one of the key indicators of mental health and professional efficacy in the healthcare sector. Physicians, specialists, nurses, and clinical technicians represent some of the most frequently examined populations in psychological research on personality, occupational stress, job satisfaction, and burnout, due to their frequent exposure to emotionally demanding and high-responsibility work environments. Given the intense demands, elevated accountability, and the inherently stressful nature of their roles, healthcare professionals face complex emotional, cognitive, and interpersonal challenges, making the understanding of factors contributing to job satisfaction particularly significant. The aim of this review paper is to examine the association between personality traits and professional satisfaction among healthcare professionals through an analysis of contemporary theoretical models, relevant scientific publications, and empirical findings. Special emphasis is placed on individual differences in personality characteristics and their influence on perceptions of the work environment, quality of interpersonal relationships, and the subjective experience of professional purpose. Findings from recent studies suggest that traits such as emotional stability, conscientiousness, and openness to experience are positively associated with higher levels of job satisfaction, whereas traits like neuroticism are predictive of professional dissatisfaction and occupational burnout. This paper synthesizes data from international studies conducted in diverse clinical and hospital settings, with the goal of identifying and comparing dominant patterns in the relationship between personality traits and subjective professional well-being. In conclusion, the paper discusses implications for personnel selection, the development of psychological support systems, and the design of organizational interventions aimed at promoting job satisfaction and safeguarding the mental health of healthcare professionals.
Cardinal mammographic signs of breast tumors can be categorized into three groups: first group: characteristics of tumor shadow; second group: characteristics of calcifications; third group: characteristics of other accompanying mammographic signs. The goal of the work is to show the cardinal mammographic signs of a malignant breast tumor, while the material of the work consists of 1,300 screening mammograms, performed between January and May 2025, in the Radiology Center of the University Clinical Center in Niš, in women from Rasa, Jagodina, Blace and Prokuplje, and literal reports. The results of the work are illustratively presented in three patients. The authors conclude that the mammographic cardinal signs of a malignant breast tumor represent those X-ray changes that, once visualized on mammograms, point to an objective indication of breast disease, but should by no means be accepted as a substitute for a biopsy of visualized changes in the glandular parenchyma of the breast.
