The subject area of the article is the management of automated technologies in the life cycle of construction facilities using the example of low-rise housing construction of the author's Ecodome construction system. The subject of research and development is an Object-oriented Operating System model, which is necessary as a tool for generating, managing, and supporting constructive (algorithmic) processes (K-processes) when creating constructive objects in a virtual unified information space during the life cycle of an information modeling facility. An example of such facilities are low-rise housing construction facilities of the «Ecodome» system. A general formalized model is proposed in the form of a diagram describing the methodology for building automated technologies for the development, management and generation of K-processes. This work continues the description of the methodology in the previous publications of the authors. In general, the proposed operating system is presented as a system software application based on a universal computer operating system (for example, WINDOWS). The actual purpose of the types of software of this operating system is to manage all the resources of automated technologies for supporting K-processes in the lifecycle of information modeling facilities for the «Ecodome» construction system. As a result of the research, a model of K-processes virtual creation of automated technologies for the construction facilities life cycle is proposed using the example of the author's «Ecodome» construction system. A general scheme for developing a common algorithm for creating and operating an operating system is also proposed. It is emphasized that in the new technological order, an Object-oriented Operating System should become a tool for creating virtual models of Structural Objects in the lifecycle of information modeling objects in construction. The invariance of the presented model and schemes for various types of construction facilities is also emphasized.
The objective of this study is to assess the environmental condition of mining sites located in Cibitoke Province. Our study was conducted using satellite image analysis with Google Earth Engine, and indices reflecting changes in the natural environment between 2019 and 2025 were calculated. The results of an analysis of the indices showed that the SMMI index ranges from -0,947 to -0,967, indicating significant environmental pressure and ongoing degradation at Rusenda. The EVI index ranges from 0,060 to 0,122, indicating significant alteration of the Rusenda mining site. The NDBSI index ranges from -0,053 to -0,151, indicating that, on the one hand, the soil is highly exposed and, on the other hand, there is a reduction in extraction at certain mining sites. The MSEEI index ranges from -0,181 to -0,369; these values indicate the onset of environmental stress. In this analysis, temperature variability was observed, which increases the decline in humidity and leads to desertification. The EVI values reflected widespread soil exposure caused by degradation and mining activities. LST has risen sharply, with average temperatures ranging from 22,695°C to 25,191°C, indicating impacts linked to the unsustainable extraction of natural resources. To mitigate the effects of mining activities, the government must take steps to adopt modern techniques in order to achieve environmentally sustainable economic development.
Rapid urbanization is driving growth in housing construction: by 2050, the share of urban residents worldwide is projected to increase to 70 %. This trend is even more pronounced in Russia, making the task of effectively organizing urban space both urgent and important. Historically, the urban framework of most Russian megacities was formed along river arteries, which served as key communication routes. Today, water bodies are viewed not only as a resource but also as a fundamental urban planning factor. The transformation of hydrological networks within the city is the result of a long evolution, where development stages and historical context have determined the current role of water in the structure of public space. This is particularly relevant for small towns whose economies depend on a single enterprise or a narrow field of activity, and where stagnant economic development exacerbates the problem of urban degradation, especially near water. This study analyzes the urban development situation in Shlisselburg to identify potential development areas and assess the feasibility of using revitalization methods as a tool for transforming urban space.
Interregional socio-economic inequality in modern Russia is taking on new forms and mechanisms of reproduction in the context of accelerated digital transformation. While the first digital divide (access to the Internet) has been largely overcome in the regions, the second digital divide still persists and is even intensifying. It manifests itself in differences in the level of digital maturity of the economy, the quality of digital infrastructure, and the intensity of advanced technology usage. The article assesses the current state of regional inequality based on data concerning the state of federal districts in 2020–2024 (GRP per capita, share of households with Internet access, digital maturity index). A positive correlation was found between the economic development of regions and the level of their digitalisation (Pearson's coefficient 0,73, Spearman's coefficient 0,70). The gap in digital maturity between the leaders (Central and Ural districts) and the lagging regions (North Caucasus and Siberian districts) has reached 20–25 percentage points and continues to grow, creating long-term risks for the social stability and economic growth of the country. It has been established that without relevant targeted government policies digitalization does not smooth out interregional disparities but rather reinforces them due to the cumulative advantage of economically developed regions with greater resources for innovation. Key areas for reducing inequality through the use of digital opportunities are proposedly as follows: developing targeted digital infrastructure in lagging regions, introducing programmes to improve digital literacy among the population and businesses, stimulating online entrepreneurship, and enabling widespread use of digital banking platforms that ensure equal access.
The development of technologies for the joint utilization of technogenic and plant waste is of significant interest for reducing the anthropogenic burden and involving secondary resources in the energy balance. This work is devoted to studying the influence of additives of plant-origin ash (from straw, sunflower, sunflower husks, sawdust) on the process of co-thermal utilization of low-grade carbon-containing raw materials — coal slime and ash-slag waste. The methodology included the preparation of fuel compositions with a 10 mass. % ash additive, thermal analysis to determine combustion process characteristics, as well as analysis of flue gases using a gas analyzer for the quantitative assessment of SO2 and NOх emissions. It was found that the introduction of ash additives leads to a significant modification of the oxidation process. A decrease in characteristic temperatures is observed: the ignition temperature (maximally by 60°C for coal slime with sunflower husk ash and by 23°C for ash-slag waste with sunflower ash) and the temperature of complete burnout (maximally for mixtures with sawdust ash: by 200°C for coal slime and by 74°C for ash-slag waste). The catalytic activity of the ash is confirmed by an increase in the indices of flammability, combustion, and the comprehensive combustion index. The most effective additive for intensifying combustion was sunflower ash for coal slime and sawdust ash for ash-slag waste. The most important practical result is a reduction in acid gas emissions: the addition of sunflower ash allowed for a reduction in NOх emissions by 39–59 % and SO2 by 53–84 %, depending on the type of base fuel.
The article presents an extended analysis of the factors that determine the competitiveness of logistics operators in the B2B segment under conditions of digital modernization and increasing operational complexity. The study integrates theoretical approaches to evaluating logistics service quality, infrastructural resilience, digital integration, and organizational coherence with generalized patterns of development observed in logistics structures operating in the industrial and construction sectors. The key drivers of competitiveness are examined: operational accuracy, process controllability, maturity of information systems, infrastructure resilience, standardization of procedures, and reputational reliability shaped through the execution of large-scale projects and long-term contractual cycles. Particular attention is given to the shift in industry priorities from price-based competition to models built on predictability and technological intensity of operations. The analysis shows that digital monitoring platforms, analytical solutions, automated planning circuits, and an advanced material and technical base become the core of the operating model, ensuring risk minimization, schedule stability, and transparency in interactions with corporate clients. It is substantiated that the competitiveness of a logistics operator emerges as an integration of internal resources, infrastructural capabilities, and organizational maturity, and its growth is directly linked to the quality of managerial architecture and the technological ecosystem. The article may be useful to logistics company managers, supply chain analysts, digital transformation experts, and B2B operations specialists in developing strategies to enhance the resilience and efficiency of logistics systems. Within the framework of professional practice related to the development of B2B infrastructure and the management of complex projects, solutions within the domain are also considered. These solutions are focused on supporting entrepreneurs, investors, and highly skilled professionals in the international scaling of their activities and the formation of sustainable business frameworks.
Mining is associated with changes to the environment. This article discusses methods for assessing changes to natural landscapes resulting from mining activity at the Kibuye and Muzinda mines in Bubanza Province. Our study was conducted based on satellite image processing using Google Earth Engine programs. Four indices reflecting changes in land use between 1995 and 2020 were calculated, namely BSI (Bare Soil Index), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), NDBI (Normalized Difference Built-up Index), and NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index). The results show that BSI varies between -0,006 and 0,048 for Muzinda and between 0,018 and 0,052 for Kibuye, indicating low vegetation cover. Similarly, NDVI for the two sites varies from -0,002 to 0,031 and from 0,020 to 0,056, demonstrating that they are heavily degraded due to the abundance of mining sites. The NDBI index ranges from 0,013 to 0,047 and from -0,019 to 0,046 for Kibuye and Muzinda, indicating that neither site is densely urbanized. The NDWI index ranges from 0,063 to -0,023 and from 0,094 to 0,026, indicating low humidity at the Kibuye and Muzinda mining sites. Although a number of initiatives have been carried out in Burundi, poor environmental management has led to real changes at these sites. It is imperative that mining operations comply with environmental standards and protect the local community, especially in Muzinda, for the well-being of the local community and the country.
In modern economic conditions, the industrialization of construction and the introduction of scalable standard solutions, in particular modular facilities, are a strategic vector for the development of the construction complex. According to the forecasts of the Association for the Development of Modular Construction, the share of construction of facilities from ready-made kits in Russia by 2030 may increase from 7 % to 30 % of the total construction volume. However, existing lifecycle management approaches based on the linear paradigm demonstrate limited applicability in conditions of high technological complexity of modular structures. Traditional linear lifecycle models do not provide sufficient flexibility, necessary stage consistency, and feedback to manage iterative modular manufacturing processes. Therefore, the authors proposed a conceptualized representation of the life cycle of a modular building as a hierarchically complex system. A two-level decomposition method is proposed that divides an object into a target system (building) and a target subsystem (module), and consistent target functions of the levels are formed. The key novelty of the approach is to consider the module as an autonomous control unit with its own information flow circuit. The developed structural and functional life cycle model allows integrating data on the state of subsystems in real time, which minimizes the risks of stage misalignment and optimizes the process of making design and operational decisions. Thus, the developed approach has great potential for developing sustainability, adaptability and improving the efficiency of modular construction projects.
The article analyzes the problem of geoecological modeling of natural-technical systems formed on the basis of advanced energy complexes with a closed nuclear fuel cycle. The authors demonstrate that traditional approaches, where the natural environment is either modeled separately or treated as a passive background for emission dispersion, fail to provide the required level of safety justification for Generation IV facilities. In this regard, the aim of the study is defined as the development of an integrated methodology combining engineering, informational, and environmental parameters into a single manageable model. To achieve this goal, the Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methodology is applied, considering the energy complex within the «System of Systems» (SoS) logic. A five-layer model is proposed, in which the natural layer (atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere) is incorporated into the control loop as an active subsystem rather than an external condition. Additionally, a cross-impact matrix for closed-cycle conditions has been developed, allowing for the structuring of the impacts of reactor and production modules on the components of the natural environment. It is shown that the introduction of a connecting cyber-layer creates a mechanism for integrating heterogeneous monitoring data and provides tools for uncertainty management through the application of artificial intelligence methods. The authors substantiate that the proposed architecture ensures end-to-end traceability of safety requirements — from the definition of business goals to the decommissioning and disposal stages. Ultimately, it is concluded that the proposed approach establishes a theoretical foundation for digital twins capable of performing predictive assessments of geoecological risks and supporting decision-making during the operation of future nuclear energy facilities.
This article examines the management of labor flows from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) to the regions of the Russian Federation in the context of ensuring demographic stability and strengthening economic sovereignty. With the projected decline in the birth rate in Russia (to 1,42 in 2025) and the presence of an excess labor force in Central Asia, migration processes are becoming important to meet the shortage in the domestic labor market. According to the study, migrants account for up to 70 % of those employed in economic sectors such as construction, agriculture and services. An analysis based on data from Rosstat, the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Commission for the period 2020–2025 revealed a significant contribution of migrants to GDP growth (1,5–2 % annually) and the replenishment of the labor force (4–5 million people). At the same time, the study identified a number of risks associated with the non-formalization of migrant employment (up to 50 %), wage dumping, and vulnerability to external shocks such as pandemics or sanctions. To minimize the risks and maximize the positive effects of labor migration, the author suggests institutional measures: the harmonization of visa regimes within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), the introduction of a system of professional quotas and the development of programs for the integration of migrants into Russian society. In conclusion, the author emphasizes the importance of a sovereign approach to migration policy as a fundamental condition for ensuring sustainable demographic development of the country.
The article addresses the problem of landfill biogas utilization at municipal solid waste landfills. The authors substantiate that, despite the widespread use of waste landfilling due to its economic accessibility, this method creates long-term environmental risks, the main one being large-scale methane emissions — a potent greenhouse gas. The article demonstrates that the development of biogas collection and utilization systems is a key element in the decarbonization of the waste management sector. The authors identify the most promising innovative direction, which consists in converting landfill methane into “green” hydrogen. This approach makes it possible to obtain high-energy fuel with a zero-carbon footprint and to integrate waste management into the circular economy. To implement this direction in practice, the authors propose a comprehensive research methodology that includes analytical, field, and laboratory stages. The article notes that existing mathematical models have limitations due to the uncertainty of input data; therefore, a reliable assessment of the biogas potential of landfills requires a combination of modeling methods, in-situ measurements, and experiments on bioreactors. The authors present a research scheme that covers all stages — from the selection of a promising landfill to the laboratory production of hydrogen and evaluation of its quality. The article concludes that Russia, possessing significant untapped potential of landfill biogas, can not only reduce the environmental burden from municipal solid waste landfills but also occupy a niche in the emerging low-carbon hydrogen market.
The article examines the impact of digital supplier relationship management platforms on the strategic resilience of industrial distributors under conditions of market volatility and supply chain fragmentation. The analysis is based on a comparative review of contemporary empirical and theoretical studies on the digital transformation of interorganizational business ecosystems, platform architectures, and supply chain resilience mechanisms. It is demonstrated that isolated automation of procurement and transactional processes does not ensure long-term resilience and leads to increased organizational complexity without improving network manageability. The study substantiates that the key factor is an integrated platform architecture that enables accelerated coordination of decisions, enhanced visibility of counterparties, and continuous synchronization of demand and supply data. It is shown that operational flexibility strengthens the stability of operational flows, while strategic reconfiguration increases adaptive capacity but is accompanied by the risk of excessive network reconfiguration. Particular attention is paid to the mediating role of adaptive capability and the moderating effect of customer engagement, which together shape a resilient configuration of interfirm coordination. The findings indicate that the effectiveness of digital supplier relationship management platforms is determined by the alignment of technological, organizational, and ecosystem interaction layers rather than by the scale of digital investments. Additionally, it is revealed that structural data integration and the formalization of information exchange procedures reduce transaction costs and enhance the predictability of supply flows. The article argues that the development of a unified digital interaction framework facilitates risk redistribution among network participants and strengthens strategic resilience in the long term. The study may be of interest to researchers of digital platforms, supply chain management specialists, and executives of distribution companies.
This article addresses the pressing issue of adjusting the capital structure of an innovative company, taking into account adjustment costs. Decisions to adjust the capital structure are based not only on the financial and operational risks of the innovative company, but also on the magnitude of adjustment costs and the benefits of debt financing. This article presents a model of adjustment costs for the optimal capital structure, the primary purpose of which is to maximize the benefits of using debt capital, taking into account the total adjustment costs. The relevance of the adjustment cost model for the optimal capital structure is determined by the fact that it allows the company's financial management to make informed decisions about adjusting it towards increasing or decreasing the debt burden, taking into account possible direct and proportional adjustment costs. Thus, if the debt burden of an innovative company is above the optimal level, the main type of direct adjustment costs are the costs of bond repurchasing and early loan repayment. If the debt concentration ratio is below the optimal level, direct costs are associated with the costs of issuing bonds and attracting a loan. Proportional costs include bankruptcy costs and agency costs, and, at suboptimal financial leverage, a reduced tax shield effect. The key performance criterion of the presented model is maximizing the difference between the benefits and costs of adapting to an innovative company's optimal capital structure, the so-called gain from adapting to the optimal capital structure. This criterion is one of the key indicators of capital structure optimality according to dynamic tradeoff theory. One of the key advantages of the gain from adapting to the optimal capital structure over other indicators is that the optimal capital structure takes into account subsidies and other forms of government support provided to innovative companies. Specific capital raising costs for an innovative company in the presented model include: the costs of attracting business angel investments, government support in the form of grants, etc. The scientific novelty of the conducted research lies in the improvement of the model of costs of adaptation to the optimal capital structure of innovative companies by introducing additional direct and proportional costs of adapting the capital structure to the optimal one, inherent only to innovative companies.
This paper addresses the critical task of accurate ultrasonic signal detection in natural gas flowmeters. Since noise and waveform distortions affect the precision of transit time measurement, effective preprocessing methods are necessary. A key approach is the construction of a signal envelope, used to determine a reference point for zero-crossing detection. The aim of this work is a comparative analysis of five envelope detection methods applied to a real ultrasonic signal with a 122 kHz carrier frequency, obtained from a piezoelectric transducer. The authors investigated methods based on signal rectification with low-pass filtering (LPF), squaring, the Hilbert filter, the Hilbert transform via FFT, and quadrature demodulation using harmonic functions. The experiments revealed the influence of filter order, cutoff frequency, and window functions on the smoothness and accuracy of the resulting curve. It is shown that for this signal type, using a Hilbert filter with an order of at least 64 yields an envelope very close to the ideal one. However, the method of signal rectification followed by LPF was found to be most preferable in terms of implementation simplicity and computational efficiency, demonstrating high accuracy on the rising edge of the first lobe, which is critical for determining the arrival moment. The authors also propose approximating the envelope with a Gaussian function for an analytical description of the signal.
The article raises the question of the role of vertical landscaping as one of the key tools in the formation of a sustainable architecture of scientific hubs. The relevance of the work is due to the need for synergy of environmental principles, energy efficiency and the creation of an innovative environment for scientific research. The purpose of the study is to identify and systematize the multidisciplinary effect of the integration of biological systems into the shell and interiors of buildings of scientific research complexes. The methodology includes comparative analysis, modeling of microclimatic parameters and assessment of socio-psychological factors. The results demonstrate that vertical landscaping in scientific hubs provides: a significant reduction in energy consumption for air conditioning (up to 25–30 %) due to thermal insulation; improved air quality and biodiversity in an urbanized environment; increased cognitive functions and reduced stress among researchers, which is confirmed by data on increased labor productivity; the formation of a new architectural branding visualizing the environmental mission of the hub. In conclusion, the thesis on the transition of vertical landscaping from the category of decorative elements to the category of engineering and environmental systems required for the design of the scientific infrastructure of the future is substantiated. The implementation of such solutions is positioned as a key factor in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the segment of high-tech real estate.
This paper models price competition and marketing investments across heterogeneous online platforms and demonstrates how differences in marketing budgets generate persistent price dispersion. Unlike classical theoretical frameworks, the degree of product differentiation is endogenous here and is determined by the distribution of firms’ marketing expenditures across platforms. The practical contribution of the study is that the model provides a transparent and empirically testable account of why, even with limited resources, firms benefit from maintaining a presence on each key marketing platform: reallocating budget between channels is an effective tactical instrument, whereas changing a firm’s strategic competitive position requires an increase in total investment. The results indicate to platform managers and analysts that maintaining a minimal presence across all significant channels helps preserve visibility and market share, while optimizing budget allocation between platforms primarily serves a tactical purpose to adapt to their relative importance. Moreover, the model generates a set of testable hypotheses regarding the effects of the number of competitors and relative budgets on the magnitude of the price premium, which can inform marketing strategy and the allocation of advertising resources. The article will be helpful to strategy practitioners, platform analysts, pricing managers, and other key market participants designing competitive strategies for online markets, as well as to researchers in game theory, digital economics, and marketing analytics.
Financial statements record the realized result, but do not register those loss zones that are formed within the demand distribution platform architecture. In conditions where access to consumers is mediated by algorithmic ranking and institutional regulations of the marketplace, part of the cash flows is redistributed before it becomes visible in accounting forms. There is a gap between the economic dynamics of the business and what is reflected in the accounting system. To describe this zone, the Marketplace category is introduced-Induced Financial Exposure — a financial exposure initiated by the actions of the marketplace. It is understood as a set of losses resulting from institutional decisions and algorithmic mechanisms of the platform. The Marketplace Financial Exposure Composition structure structures this exposure according to its economic nature: frozen capital, institutionally determined losses, and lost profits. Aggregation is carried out through the Total Marketplace Financial Exposure indicator. The proposed model performs not a declarative, but a measuring function: each component is subject to quantitative decomposition and integration into the management contour. At the same time, methodological tension remains — the additivity of the indicator requires a distinction between overlapping effects, primarily between dynamic loss of growth and direct institutional costs. Full transparency of the mechanism is unattainable, but formalization reduces the level of uncertainty. The development of this category is focused on the inclusion of platform-induced losses in management accounting systems, corporate risk management and investment analysis. The practical applicability of the model is not related to an abstract classification, but to the ability to assess the sustainability of platform-dependent business models through the structure of their exposure.
In the context of increasing global instability, technological transformation, and structural changes in the world economy, the concept of strategy as an economic category acquires particular significance as a key analytical framework for understanding the adaptive behavior of economic agents. This article presents a review and theoretical interpretation of the evolution of strategic thinking, from its early philosophical, political, and military-historical interpretations to contemporary economic perspectives shaped within the institutional and evolutionary paradigm. The objective of the study is to provide an economic reinterpretation of the concept of strategy as a category of institutional and evolutionary analysis. The methodological foundation of the research is based on historical-logical and comparative analysis of theoretical approaches to the concept of strategy, as presented in the works of domestic and international scholars, as well as methods of theoretical systematization that enable the comparison of managerial, institutional, and evolutionary interpretations of this category, taking into account the behavioral assumptions underlying economic actions. The study characterizes the main stages in the development of strategic thinking-from ancient notions of leadership, order, and purposiveness, through philosophical and military concepts of the Middle Ages and the Modern era, to managerial and institutional-economic theories of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of the concept of strategy under conditions of globalization, technological change, and increasing uncertainty. This allows strategy to be interpreted not only as an instrument of intra-organizational management, but also as a multi-level economic mechanism for coordinating agents’ behavior, adapting to institutional constraints, and shaping sustainable development trajectories. The theoretical findings obtained expand the economic content of the category of strategy and provide a foundation for further research into institutional and evolutionary mechanisms of sustainable development at the levels of firms, industries, and national economies.
Introduction. In modern conditions, creating a multi-purpose basis for functional territorial zoning necessitates conducting predictive assessments of the geological environment's stability against anticipated anthropogenic impacts. Such assessments, as part of geoecological research, should be conducted continuously during the planning of new territorial functional structures and the development of existing ones. Particular attention to the state of the geological environment should be paid at the pre-project stage of territorial development. This article proposes a methodological framework for assessing the stability of the geological environment in Son La province. Objective. The objective of this research is to develop a methodological framework for assessing the stability of a territory's geological environment, which accounts for the specific characteristics in Son La province, Vietnam. Materials and methods. To achieve the stated goals and scientific objectives, the authors utilized the following primary materials and methods: a review of literary sources, analysis and synthesis of practical experience and past achievements, results from conducted field studies, expert surveys, as well as the application of remote sensing methods combined with geographic information system technologies. Results. Based on the research findings, a methodology for assessing the geological environment stability in Son La province has been proposed, tailored to the practical conditions and scale of the study area and incorporating the stated objectives. Conclusion. The results of this study form a basis for assessing and solving predictive tasks related to the geological environment stability in the study area. They provide objective qualitative and quantitative data for developing recommendations on territorial protection and rational use, the implementation of which is proposed at the pre-project stage during the development of territories in Son La province.
This research paper presents an in-depth numerical study of the complex processes of deformation and subsequent destruction of cubic samples of high-strength concrete grade B30 reinforced with special alkali-resistant fiberglass, based on a detailed comparison with the results of field experimental tests. The main purpose of the study is a comprehensive comparative analysis of the effectiveness of two advanced numerical approaches, the extended finite element method (XFEM) and the Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) model, successfully implemented in the ABAQUS software package. The authors pay special attention to determining the critical parameters of the stress-strain state, identifying areas of maximum stress localization at the inner boundaries of the phase interface, and modeling stochastic crack propagation trajectories under conditions of nonlinear structural response of reinforced concrete. The use of a synergistic combination of XFEM and CDP methods made it possible to verify the actual bearing capacity of the composite with a high degree of accuracy and describe in detail the dissipative mechanisms of brittle and viscous fracture characteristic of dispersed reinforcement. The results obtained emphasize the crucial importance of predictive computer modeling of crack resistance for an objective assessment of the durability of building structures. The study fully proves the adequacy of the selected mathematical models for predicting the behavior of fiberglass under static load, which provides a reliable theoretical and methodological basis for the widespread introduction of these innovative materials into the practice of modern design and construction of critical engineering structures requiring increased operational reliability, corrosion resistance and resistance to intense external influences.
