This study aims to investigate the key factors that influence consumers’ intention to purchase fast food. In specific, this study intends to examine the relationship between attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and consumer purchase intention toward fast food. Additionally, this study also examines health concerns as a moderator between independent variables and consumer purchase intention toward fast food. The data was collected via an online and face-to-face survey amongst the young generation in Malaysia, and quantitative analysis was used to test the hypotheses. A total of 473 respondents who have experienced consuming fast food participated in this survey, and the data was statistically analysed via SPSS/PLS-SEM. The findings of this study show that attitude and subjective norms were found to positively and significantly influence consumer purchase intention toward fast food, while perceived behavioural control was found to be insignificant. The findings of this study also revealed that health concerns weakened the relationship between attitude and consumer purchase intention toward fast food, whereas health concerns strengthen the relationship between subjective norms and consumer purchase intention toward fast food. Meanwhile, health concern has no moderation effect in the relationship between perceived behavioural control and consumer purchase intention toward fast food. This is one of the few studies examining the health concern as a moderator in the study of consumer purchase intention toward fast food in an emerging market such as Malaysia. The findings help fast-food restauranters and marketers in understanding consumer behaviour and could help marketers as well as organisations to effectively adapt these factors in their marketing strategies, especially toward young consumers with a high health concern. Research paper Keywords: Inconspicuous consumption; Triandis model; Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour; Subtle luxury fashion products; purchase intention Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kamalul Ariffin. S., Ng, F., & Abdul Mohsin, A. M. (2021). Examining the Influencing Factors of Consumer Purchase Intention toward Fast Food with Health Concerns as a Moderator. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (2), 39–71.
The purpose of the study is to enhance organizational performance among the SMEs in Malaysia in the digital age, particularly the manufacturing sector, which has an important contribution to the Malaysian economy. This study attempts to provide empirical evidence on the relationship between the four dimensions of talent farming and organizational performance in response to previous scholars' call on the influence of talent on SMEs' organizational performance. The dimensions considered in the study are talent harnessing, talent acquisition, talent retention and talent displacement. A total of 157 responses from a cross-sectional survey from Malaysian manufacturing SMEs were investigated using SPSS software version 24 and Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that talent retention and talent displacement has significant influence organizational performance, but talent harnessing and talent acquisition have no influence on organizational performance. This research highlights the importance of talent retention and talent displacement by SME owners or leaders compared to investing on internal talent harnessing and acquiring external talent to embrace and develop their skills as a crucial step towards achieving sustainable performance for their companies. The paper provides strategic insights, practical knowledge and policies that assist SMEs in the manufacturing sector to strategies to explore another alternative approach to prepare well for the digital competencies workforce in the digital age. The novelty of this study to assist SMEs in the manufacturing sector to understand better talent farming and its important approach in formulating effective human capital strategy. The dimension of Talent Farming and conceptual research framework was chosen and formulated based on I-TOP Strategic Agility Model and Dynamic Capability Theory, respectively. The empirical analysis and the tentative conceptual framework make an important contribution towards a demand-led policy framework in the area of digital talent competencies to support for Manufacturing SMEs to overcome the talent shortage in Malaysia. The contribution and limitations of the research are discussed, and recommendations for future research are also presented. Research paper Keywords: Talent Farming; I-TOP Strategic Agility Model; Digital Age; Small Medium Enterprises (SME); Organisational Performance Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Palanisamy, S., Chelliah, S., & Muthuveloo, R. (2021). Optimization of Organisational Performance among Malaysian Manufacturing SMEs in Digital Age via Talent Farming. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (1), 82–120.
This study intends to examine factors that influence students’ satisfaction with a course and how this satisfaction with a course affects course recommendation. Furthermore, the moderating effects of the physical classroom environment were examined in the relationship between the factors and students’ satisfaction with a course. Data were collected from students in private universities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and was analyzed using Partial Least Squared Method (PLS). The results showed that course evaluation, instructional support, students self-efficacy all have a significant positive effect on students’ satisfaction with a course, and students’ satisfaction with a course positively influences course recommendation. However, our results did not find a significant relationship between the student-teacher relationship and students’ satisfaction with a course. Moreover, our findings confirmed the moderating role of the physical classroom environment on the relationship between course evaluation, instructional support, students’ self-efficacy, student-teacher relationship and course satisfaction. Research paper Keywords: Course Evaluation; Instructional Support; Self-Efficacy; Physical Classroom Environment; Student Satisfaction; Course Recommendation; Higher Education; Malaysia Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Batouei, A., & Teoh, A. P. (2021). Factors Affecting Students’ Satisfaction with a Course: Does Physical Environment Matters?. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (2), 132–173.
Certain religious entrepreneurial minded communities are highly successful. It is tempting to assume that the underlying social mechanism of business success can be used as a blueprint for the development of larger social entities. Recently, Javaid, Shamsi and Hyder (2020) have argued that inefficiencies of markets and bureaucracies may be avoided if religious entrepreneurial communities are considered an alternative for members’ business investment, capital- and expertise-support to businesses, and the redistribution of wealth in favor of economically vulnerable community members. Consequently, the title of their paper is “Religious entrepreneurial communities as a solution for socioeconomic injustice”. I address this problematic position by an extended comment and point out inefficiencies induced by such an approach. I apply the concepts of networks and clubs to tackle problems of religious entrepreneurial communities as sub-groups of larger social entities. Individual beliefs, individual preferences, and norms of cooperative behavior can occur among members of any community, with or without common religious beliefs. Consequently, a shift from the areligious, market-oriented form of economic organization towards specific sets of religious beliefs will not, by itself, endanger business success. These issues require considerable attention before a transfer of behavioral pattern prevalent in small communities can be applied to larger groups. I emphasize the danger of generalizations from small case study results of specific entrepreneurial communities to larger social entities, such as societies. Viewpoint Keywords: Entrepreneurial communities; Socioeconomic justice; Community-based entrepreneurship; Entrepreneurship-based policy, Clubs, Networks Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Egbert, H. (2021). Religious Entrepreneurial Communities: Solution for or Cause of Socioeconomic Injustice? A Comment. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (2), 113–131.
This study aims to examine the relationship between customer experience and customer equity in pre-selected private hospitals in Bangladesh. In specific, this study intends to examine the relationship between customer sensory experience, affective experience, behavioural experience and intellectual experience toward customer equity dimension (value equity, brand equity, relationship equity). Bangladesh aspires to develop its healthcare industry to meet its vast population needs. Considering the significance of customer experience and customer equity to the sustainability of the healthcare industry, this study analysed the relationships of these two constructs and examined the authenticity of the Equity Theory and the Social Exchange Theory that underpinned them. This study adopted a cross-sectional research design and distributed 500 survey questionnaires, off 500, 260 samples are acceptable for further analysis using SmartPLS. The findings revealed that customer sensory experience, affective experience, behavioural experience, and intellectual experience positively impact the customer equity dimension, namely, value equity, brand equity, and relationship equity. Furthermore, this study reveals that experiential marketing has an impact on building strong customer equity for the service organisation. This research contributes to the literature on customer experience by examining its relationship with consumer equity among respondent in private hospitals. This study has integrated Equity Theory and Social Exchange Theory to support the framework model. These findings offer empirical evidence that patients are likely to reciprocate if treated equitably by engaging in behaviours that enhance the relationship between hospital and patient. Research paper Keywords: Customer Experience; Customer Equity; Equity Theory; Healthcare Industry; Social Exchange Theory Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Farhana, N., Abdul Mohsin, A. M., & Kamalul Ariffin S. (2021). Examining the Relationship between Customer Experience and Customer Equity in South Asia’s Health Sector. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (1), 275–301.
This study aims to explore the relationship between the expansion of oil palm plantations and income inequality in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines. The relationship was investigated using panel data analysis from 2000 to 2019. The results indicate a mixed effect of palm oil expansion on inequality, in which land use for oil palm farming has a significant and negative effect on income inequality as measured by the Gini Index. However, fertilizer consumption and yield in oil palm activities have positive relationships with income inequality. This suggests the importance of supporting equal access to both financing and capacity building. Lastly, this study presents scenarios with and without government intervention. Research paper Keywords: Palm Oil; Expansion; Inequality; International Trade; Data Panel Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Hasudungan. A., & Raeskyesa, D. G. S. (2021). The Relationship between Oil Palm Expansion and Income Inequality in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand: International Trade Insights. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (2), 72–95.
When something unpredictable creates turbulence, the result can be disastrous not only for Malaysian SMEs but also for the country’s economic outline as well. So, how can SMEs survive the current crisis period caused by the COVID-19 pandemic? Actually, there are no straight answers. At this point, the study aims to serve a wider understanding of how an adjustable configuration of different strategic initiatives can help Malaysian SMEs endure through the crisis based on the QHIM mechanism. The study has embraced a qualitative approach on the basis of online focus group discussion with the support of an expert facilitator. The data collection process includes 10 participants from various fields, such as academia; banking, NGOs and SMEs. The study also collected secondary information through different newspapers, magazines, websites, E-libraries, documentaries, and related journal sources. Because SMEs are operating in uncertain conditions, the findings from the discussions suggest that an adjustable integration of various ranges of initiatives, such as access and management of financial resources, exploration-exploitation of opportunities, efficient negotiation, digital adoption, and leadership commitment can help SMEs to endure throughout this crisis. The findings also contend the intervention of innovation and calculated risk-taking within the configuration. The proposed conceptual model serves as an important mechanism for policy-makers and owner-manager of SMEs to understand how adjustments in identified initiatives can play a vital role regarding survival in this crisis. It provides recommendations for SMEs and on how to remain competitive through resilience and renewal strategies. The study contributes to the existing literature in crisis management and identifies the survival and resilience strategies of SMEs in developing regions during a long-lasting crisis. It also serves as a unique approach to how the Quadruple Helix perspective can be a vital concept in the survival process. Research paper Keywords: COVID-19; Crisis management; Digitalization; Innovation; SMEs Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Islam, A., Jerin, I., Hafiz, N., Tali Nimfa, D., & Abdul Wahab S. (2021). Configuring a blueprint for Malaysian SMEs to survive through the COVID-19 crisis: The reinforcement of Quadruple Helix Innovation Model. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (1), 32–81.
Due to the importance of cross-sector partnerships (CSPs) in today’s world on the one hand and the diversity of the research done in this field, a need for comprehensive frameworks about this practical phenomenon is felt. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive view about drivers of cross-sector partnership to help all actors from government, business, and nonprofit sectors to recognize the big picture of the initial stage of a successful CSP. Although this paper is not a pure literature review article, but a literature review is used as a tool to find all relevant factors which influence starting a CSP. This paper categorizes all these factors into five types of drivers and motives, including main drivers, secondary drivers, partner selection drivers, organizational factors, and contextual factors. Proposing the above-mentioned framework for CSPs drivers is the main novelty of the current paper, and due to its potential to be used both in academia and practices related to CSPs, this framework can be the starting point for many other research policy-making initiatives. On the other hand, CSP partners can also use it to make wiser decisions on building a partnership with other sectors. Research paper Keywords: Cross-Sector Partnership; Typologies; Drivers of Partnership; Partner Selection; Cross-Sector Partnerships’ Antecedents Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Sharafi Farzad, F., Amran, A., Salamzadeh, Y., & Hafezolkotob, A. (2021). What drives organizations to start a cross-sector partnership? A review on typologies and dimensions. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (1), 121–162.
In the past few decades, studies in online purchase intention have received a great deal of attention from researchers in developed countries compared to developing countries. Despite this growing interest, there is insufficient research on online purchase intention of seasonal goods from existing literature. Hence, this paper aims to examine the determinants of online purchase intention of seasonal goods in Nigeria. The paper identified perceived economic benefit, perceived transaction security as factors that may influence online purchase intention of seasonal goods. The study proposed a quantitative research design. Hence data will be collected from online shoppers in Nigeria purposively selected based on established criteria. The data collected from the field survey will be analyzed with PLS-SEM. The study being a conceptual paper, proposed the relationship between perceived economic benefit, perceived transaction security and online purchase intention of seasonal goods through the mediating role of perceived value. Future researchers should conduct an empirical study using the conceptual framework of this paper. The limitations identified in this paper will facilitate discussions on the need to deepen the understanding of the determinants of online purchase intention of seasonal goods. The study will contribute to the existing literature by identifying the factor (s) that influence the online purchase of seasonal goods. Research paper Keywords: E-Commerce; Online purchase intention; Seasonal goods; Perceived economic benefit; Perceived transaction security and perceived value Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Nwakaji, C., & Goh, Y. N. (2021). Determinants of Online Purchase Intention of Seasonal Goods in Nigeria: A Conceptual Model and Proposition. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (2), 218–252.
This paper aims to establish a comprehensive framework for relationships between parent and subsidiary (subsidiary autonomy, subsidiary position, organizational trust) on knowledge transfer efficiency. Then shed light on how the long-ignored characteristics of the subsidiary (characteristics of the knowledge transfer participant) play a role in the knowledge transfer of MNCs. The study highlights and tests the influence of two parts by subjecting a dataset of 212 Chinese MNCs to a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analysis: one is the impact of relationships between parent-subsidiary (subsidiary autonomy, subsidiary position, organizational trust) on the knowledge transfer efficiency. The other is the subsidiary characteristics (subsidiary age, subsidiary size) moderates the relationship between them. The robust results indicate that subsidiary autonomy, subsidiary position, organizational trust have a significant positive influence on the knowledge transfer efficiency of Chinese MNCs. As well as one of the subsidiary characteristics (subsidiary age) only moderates the relationship between subsidiary autonomy, organizational trust and knowledge transfer efficiency. While the other characteristic (subsidiary size) has no moderation. The findings indicate that the ignored subsidiary characteristics (subsidiary age, subsidiary size) have some moderations in the knowledge transfer efficiency, and it is useful to help MNCs improve knowledge transfer efficiency by copying and creating the implicit meaning of characteristic. Research paper Keywords: Knowledge transfer efficiency; MNCs; Subsidiary characteristics; Subsidiary autonomy; Subsidiary position; Organizational trust Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Cheng, J., Chelliah, S., & Teoh A. P. (2021). The Effect of Subsidiary Characteristics on Efficiency in Knowledge Transfer between Multinational Companies. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (1), 230–274.
This study analyses Tokyo metropolitan train customers' response to a foreigner’s request for help, analyses the motives of the response relates to Japanese culture, and finally analyses the influence of metropolitan life on local consumers hospitality relating to their response for a small help from foreigners. The research uses a qualitative approach. As many as 25 people (informants) at several points of the city of Tokyo accidentally were asked for a small help to support a foreigner to guide or at least to give information on directions, such as the name of places, stations, train directions and building/offices. Data collection was conducted in the Metropolitan Tokyo area from 1 December to 5 December 2015. For data analysis purposes, expert interviews had also been conducted with 2 Japanese who stay temporarily in Jakarta and 2 Indonesian who have lived in Japan. Results of the study indicated that most people (23 out of 25) responded positively to a foreigner’s request for help. The study indicates that train customers in metropolitan Tokyo are helpful and friendly to foreigners, despite their busy and tight schedules. Hospitality value is embedded in Japanese culture. Research paper Keywords: Metropolitan train customers; Local people hospitality; Tourism destination; Japanese culture; Metropolitan’s life Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Bastaman, A., & Yodfianfinda, Y. (2021). Local People Hospitality at Tourism Destination: A Study of Tokyo Metropolitan Train Customers. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (2), 96–112.
In recent years, the role of entrepreneurs and micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) has gained attention, especially in developing economies. They contribute to productivity growth, job creation, and promotion of innovation and business internationalization. There is an increasing number of entrepreneurial actors within regional economies, so it is essential to shift from focusing on specific activities involved in entrepreneurship to a more holistic understanding of the environment in which entrepreneurs and MSMEs are operating, the so-called entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE). In Palestine, due to the limited resources and the high unemployment rate, entrepreneurship has become a national priority and an opportunity for wealth-seeking individuals. Mapping EE of Palestine is considered a basis for managing and evaluating conditions and performance of Entrepreneurship. Investigation of the elements of EE in Palestine has been built based on Isenberg's (2011) domains: conductive policy, markets, capital, human skills, culture, and supports. The investigation shows that Palestine is yet under development and in the infancy stage. The efforts by governmental authorities to support MSMEs are limited, coupled with a poor business market, the ineffectiveness of the credit market, and the limited role of supporting institutions working in Palestine. The national culture also obstructs the performance of entrepreneurship because of its deep-rooted traditions. Furthermore, there is a gap between traditional education and what it should be to improve entrepreneurial skills. A pyramid structure of activities executed by different actors according to their impact and influence is recommended to improve EE. Research pape Keywords: Entrepreneurial Ecosystem; Palestine; MSME; Finance; Human Capital; Culture Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Karaki, F. J. (2021). Mapping Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (EE) of Palestine. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (2), 174–217.
The main objective of this paper is to establish a comparative study of the different risk factors encountered by companies in the province of Larache in comparison with the province of Tangier and the province of Tetouan in the Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region in Morocco. Various factors have many disastrous effects on the start and continuation of entrepreneurial activity, as the entrepreneur is constantly faced with the risk of failure, which has a horrifying effect on entrepreneurship. However, the sense of risk may reflect an entrepreneur’s ability to affect his or her decision in the different phases of project creation. This risk can be human, strategic, financial, technical, legal, personal and environmental, etc. The creation of projects is characterized by risk-taking, and much research has been conducted to understand briefly the risks that a company may face and their factors. The results show that the business environment is favourable in large provinces characterized by the high number of new businesses founded each year, in contrast to the small provinces the life cycle. Thus, the study showed that the business environment is favourable and motivating, the more the entrepreneur would be enthusiastic. The human, financial, and legal success factors for these companies are nearly identical in all three regions. Failure causes include technical, technological, and organizational issues. There are several risk factors (related to the dedicated training, the competence and experience of the entrepreneur, the organization, the environment, the financial means), and the more complex the market environment, these factors become critical. Our interviewers have also added some recommendations to develop the business of our region and minimize the delicate of these factors, such as: the state intervention, through economic incentive policies to encourage young project leaders, include funding for new projects, encouraging young people to take out loans, take advantage of advanced training through the INTILAKA program, take advantage of the State’s guarantee for young entrepreneur profiles, the development of incubators to assist future entrepreneurs in the realization of their ideas by exchanging insights, advice, and logistical resources, creating of project leaders’ resources, assistance, and follow-up units, developing entrepreneurial spirit by training courses, and integrating universities’ roles by preparation for the benefit of young project managers. Research paper Keywords: Entrepreneurial project; Risk factors; Comparative study; Provinces of Morocco Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Kadmiri, L., Ben Yakoub, S., & Achelhi, H. (2021). Entrepreneurial Projects’ Risk Factors in Morocco. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (1), 202–229.
To date, luxury consumption-related research has primarily focused on conspicuous consumption and counterfeit consumption behaviour. Investigation into the influence of inconspicuous consumption behaviour is limited. This study explores the factors that influence consumers’ purchase intention towards subtle luxury fashion goods or inconspicuous consumption behaviour. This paper examines a Triandis model that clarifies the consumers' purchase intention of subtle luxury fashion goods. A systematic literature review was used to conduct a database search. Articles published from 2010 to 2020 were considered, and 49 studies were key factors influencing consumers’ inconspicuous consumption behaviour. This review highlights how consumers’ inconspicuous luxury consumption is based on attitudinal, social, and affective factors. Furthermore, two moderators, namely perceived knowledge and habit, were identified. These moderators might close the relationship gap between consumers' purchase intention of subtle luxury fashion products and their actual buying behaviour to these subtle products. This paper may encourage future scholars to study inconspicuous consumption-related studies. Furthermore, this paper may have practical implications that may benefit luxury marketers, luxury owners, and luxury retailers. Research paper Keywords: Inconspicuous consumption; Triandis model; Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour; Subtle luxury fashion products; purchase intention Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Ting, M. S., Goh, Y. N., & Isa, S. M. (2021). A Business Typology for Luxury Consumption in an Inconspicuous Way: A Proposed Model. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 9 (2), 1–38.
This research objective is to examine the impact of Digital Leadership competencies on Virtual Team Effectiveness in MNC companies in Penang, Malaysia. The survey was conducted among 150 respondents who are working in MNC companies in Penang, with experience in a virtual team. The diversified range of respondents was chosen to predict the impact of digital leadership competencies on virtual team effectiveness. Data collected was analysed using SmartPLS. Hypotheses were tested based on the structural equation model. The results come out with 2 variables (E-Communication Competency & E-Trust Competency) having a positive & significant relationship with virtual team effectiveness. The remaining four variables, namely E-Social Competency, E-Team Competency & E-Change Competency, found to be no significant relationship towards virtual team effectiveness. Firstly, MNC companies size varies; as such, the study may be slightly biased. As more virtual teams are available to sample this analysis from large MNC companies, the outcome will appear to lean towards them. Secondly, due to the data collection limitation, virtual teams are represented by only one respondent per team in this study. As such, it may represent some bias if the response being used to represent the team. Results of this research can be used as guidance for organization Leaders in managing virtual teams more effectively. The E-Communication competency & E-Trust Competency can be applied and eventually enhance virtual team efficiency. This analysis will benefit future researchers or leaders of organizations to call attention to variables that contribute to virtual teams' effectiveness. This study is to investigate factors that have a positive influence on virtual team effectiveness. Digital Leadership Competency is chosen as independent variables that potentially have a great impact on virtual team effectiveness. As part of measuring Virtual Team effectiveness, Media Richness Theory is taken into consideration to underpin this study. Research paper Keywords: Virtual teams; Digital leadership competencies; PLS-SEM; Malaysia; Virtual teams’ effectiveness Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Cheng Soon, C., & Salamzadeh, Y. (2020). The impact of Digital Leadership Competencies on Virtual Team Effectiveness in MNC companies in Penang, Malaysia, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 8 (2), 219–253.
Organisational sustainability has become a major issue as organisations are struggling to achieve their targeted performance due to a dynamic business environment driven towards Industry 4.0 via technological advancement. Under such circumstances, it is a challenge for organisations to achieve the strategic agility needed for a fluid corporate strategy to manage the current disruptive business environment. To achieve optimal organisational performance, organisations must be efficient in managing time, money, and energy. The I-TOP Strategic Agility model is a very fluid model that helps organisations achieve strategic agility which is needed to manage the environmental dynamism. Optimising the return on investment (ROI) is crucial for organisational performance and sustainability. This can be achieved through the dimensions of the I-TOP Strategic Agility model called Technology Infinite Possibilities, Outright Environmental Scanning, and People-Human Capital Development. Organisations that utilise this model would be able to attain the strategic agility needed as the trendsetter and achieve business sustainability. Research paper Keywords: Organisational Performance; Strategic Agility; Technology Infinite Possibilities; Outright Environmental Scanning; Human Capital Development Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Muthuveloo, R., & Teoh, A. P. (2020). Optimisation of Organisational Performance via I-Top Strategic Agility Model, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 8 (2), 154–174.
This study was created the entrepreneurship ecosystem index (EEI) as an effective tool for measurement of entrepreneurship ecosystem for 34 selected economies during 2000-2017. It was considered EEI as an integrated index of 12 different indicators (i.e. financing for entrepreneurs, governmental support and policies, taxes and bureaucracy, governmental programs, basic school entrepreneurial education and training, post school entrepreneurial education and training, R&D transfer, commercial and professional infrastructure, internal market dynamics, internal market openness, physical and services infrastructure, and cultural and social norms) of entrepreneurship activities. Composite Z-score technique was used to create EEI for undertaken economies. Thereupon, it assesses the association of estimated EEI with socio-economic, science & technology (S&T) and IPRs related factors using correlation coefficient techniques. Estimated values of EEI show that India has 8th position in entrepreneurship ecosystem among the 34 economies. Also, there was found a high diversity in entrepreneurship ecosystem in efficiency, factor and innovation driven economies due to variation in 12 indicators of entrepreneurship ecosystem and socio-economic activities. Accordingly, it investigates the causal relationship between EEI and per capita GDP using linear, non-linear and log-linear regression models at country-wise panel data. Empirical results imply that per capita GDP is significantly associated with entrepreneurship ecosystem, socio-economic, S&T and IPRs related indicators. Entrepreneurship ecosystem have a causal relationship with per capita GDP. Entrepreneurship ecosystem is significantly associated with socio-economic development and S&T and IPRs related indicators. It brings several practical policy proposals to create effective entrepreneurship ecosystem, and to sustain economic and social development in India. Research paper Keywords: Entrepreneurship ecosystem; Science & Technology, Intellectual property rights; Per capita GDP; Economic development; India; Developed and developing economies Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Singh, A. K., & Ashraf, S. N. (2020). Association of Entrepreneurship Ecosystem with Economic Growth in Selected Countries: An Empirical Exploration, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 8 (2), 36–92.
There is a wide collection of journal articles and academic discourse on family firms’ social capital. However, the focus on the comprehensive synthesis of the collections is limited. The lack of efforts to synthesize the issue of family firms’ social capital focuses on emerging economies further limiting the utility of the literature. Despite the various differences between family firms in developed and emerging economies; no attempt was undertaken to separate the different insights and issues between the two different contexts. Thus, this article focusing on emerging economies is an attempt to bridge this gap in the literature. Consequently, to provide a review on researches that focus on family firm’s social capital in emerging economies. Bibliometric analysis is used to provide quantitative insights. The qualitative insights are generated from a systematic literature review. Journal articles are retrieved as data to achieve these objectives. The time frame of literature extraction is from 1960 to the year 2018. Data is extracted from WOS and Scopus indexed database yielding 288 documents. After manual scrutinizing the content, only 31 (10.8%) of the cited literature is on the family firm social capital related issue. The paper finds that there is an increasing trend in the number of family firms’ social capital study in the context of the emerging economies. The highly cited articles are published by Deephouse and Jaskiewicz (2013) in the Journal of Management Studies with 179 citations, and Khavul et al. (2009) in the Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice with 140 citations. The findings provide a collection of evidence about the focus, variables, and theories used from credible sources of the family firms’ social capital studies.
Over the last century the liberalization of national economies and the induction of free markets have fueled seaborne trade as a pillar for economic growth and international trade. But the prosperity that maritime shipping and seaborne trade has generated needs to be secured within the context of globalization; and so the governments will play a crucial part in promoting and fostering its sustainability. Some argue that governments have a moral and legal obligation to intervene and safeguard sustainable practices. Some on the other hand take that governments’ role should be a mere promoter and capacity developer for the greater good through protecting the process of economic prosperity. The real life models show that the degree of government intervention is influenced by country specific environments and may vary according to different economic structures ranging from directive intervention by actively advising industrial policy and investing in selected areas of interest, to facilitative intervention by creating positive investment conditions and provision of public capacity for industries to foster and grow. This paper will make a brief overview on various models examining the degrees of government intervention and its impact on economic prosperity with a particular focus on maritime shipping and seaborne trade. We shall conduct a review of neoliberalism vs. statism and their respect ramification on maritime trade, and will point out to novel third way as a balanced approach that can foster best outcome for our certain study area, i.e. the shipping industry. We are of the opinion that this literature analysis not only provides an overview of the current status of knowledge within the domain of free markets and government intervention, but also serves as a salient guideline for future research directions. Research paper Keywords: Government intervention; Free markets; Maritime shipping industry Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Roshanaei, N., & Khoramshahi, N. (2020). Government Intervention in Free Markets: The Shipping Industry, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 8 (1), 180–203.
Youth can play a vital role in positively affecting the sustainable development goals and the progress of their recipient communities. Young adults make about 30 percent of the world population, and their participation in affairs of their community and its subsequent impact represents a key component for long-term success. The importance of youth engagement and empowerment has been systematically overlooked by the top decision-makers and youth have been ignored through all tiers of economic and sociopolitical spectrums. This calls for an overhaul of policymaking to give young people from all over the world the credit they deserve by allowing them to actively participate in all relevant levels of the decision-making process, considering that those decisions not only affect their present lives but their future as well. Empowered youth are responsible citizens, professionals and leaders who are positively shaping and affecting the future through navigating and managing the complexities of global challenges. In this research, the focus will be on how entrepreneurial opportunities for youth empowerment will lead to a sustainable future. In this paper, a research review has been conducted on entrepreneurial opportunities and critical factors that are specific to the context of youth engagement and empowerment. This work is based on primary sources such as policy documents, global youth-related summits and review of available evidence. Besides these sources, information from secondary sources was taken into consideration. These sources were relevant publications, reports, and academic articles. This literature analysis not only provides us with an overview of the current status of knowledge within the domain of entrepreneurial opportunities but also serves as a salient guideline for future research directions. Research paper Keywords: Entrepreneurial opportunities; Youth engagement and empowerment; Sustainable Future Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Roshanaei, N. (2020). Entrepreneurial Opportunities for Youth Engagement and Empowerment for a Sustainable Future, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics , 8 (2), 175–195.
