This study aimed to investigate the maternal role of caring for and rearing 12-month-old babies based on Winnicott´s concepts.Twenty-fi ve primiparous mothers answered interviews about the baby's development and motherhood.Thematic analysis showed that the maternal role of caring for was marked by manifestations of dependence and independence, by the development transitions, and by maternal sensitivity to the signs and rhythm of the baby.Regarding the role of rearing, mothers reported diff erent strategies when they needed to establish the baby´s limits.They also had doubts about the best way to rear the baby, since he/she often opposed the maternal limits.In summary, at 12 months, the specifi city of maternal role was related to the subtle adjustment of the mother to the more active rhythm of the baby, being emotionally available to his/her new discoveries, but also allowing his/her experiences of frustration.
The aim of this study was to develop a version of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2) focusing on the Histrionic Personality Disorder (HPD) traits according to the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model, and to verify its psychometric properties. The method was divided into two stages. The fi rst was related to the revision procedures of the IDCP-2 based on the HiTOP, focusing on the assessment of features typical of HPD. The second aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the new version of the IDCP-2 (i.e., IDCP-HPD) in a convenience sample (N=208), mainly composed of women, with data collection carried out online. The IDCP-HPD was administered with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) and Five-Factor Histrionic Inventory (FFHI) factors. Of the 16 initial traits provided by the HiTOP, 8 were selected as relevant for the HPD and 17 items were selected to compose the new factors. The 4 factor solution found through exploratory structural equation modeling, the correlations with the external measures and the eff ects found in the between-group comparisons suggest the psychometric adequacy of the IDCP-HPD. The fi ndings of this study should be interpreted as initial evidence for the IDCP-HPD, indicating the practicality of the test.
In the last few years, there has been a rising tension in Brazilian politics between individuals who identify as left-wing and those who identity as right-wing. Sometimes those tensions have resulted in radical behavior from people who identify with either side of the political spectrum. This paper has two main goals: (a) to investigate (using the Moral Foundations Theory as a basis) the moral matrices of participants who identify as being left, center-left, center-right, and right; and (b) to compare the indices of activism and radicalism between participants with diff erent political orientations. There were 226 participants in the study, most of which were from the Federal District (64.16%). The participants answered an online survey composed of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, the Activism and Radicalism Intention Scale, and informed demographic data (including their polit ical preference). Diff erences were found in the moral matrices of participants with diff erent political positions. Higher indices of activism and radicalism were found among participants who self-declared as being left and center-left. Based on the fi eld’s literature, the perception of unfairness held by individuals who identify as left in the current political context may help to understand these fi ndings.
This cross-sectional exploratory study investigated the incidence of stalking subsequent to the breakup of a dating or romantic relationship during adolescence.A total of 117 adolescents (62.4% female), with a mean age of 16.87 years (SD = 1.26), were identifi ed as victims of stalking perpetrated by an ex-intimate partner and were compared to a group of non-victims (n = 410) matched by age and sex."Courtship and Approach" was the most prevalent type of stalking.Adolescents stalking victims exhibited signifi cantly higher mean scores for depression, anxiety and stress symptoms than did non-victims; and female victims presented greater symptomatology than did male victims.Multiple regression analysis indicated that suff ering physical and verbal/emotional abuse during a dating relationship explains 19.0% of the variance of becoming a stalking victim subsequent to the breakup of the relationship.These fi ndings emphasize the need for a better understanding of the stalking phenomenon and for public policies aimed at intervention and prevention, given that both victims and perpetrators require psychological assistance in order to break the dating violence cycle.
The objective of this systematic literature review was to investigate the variables that would improve well-being in retirement by analyzing relevant empirical studies. In the literature search, six keywords (retirement, positive psychology, well-being, satisfaction, happiness and quality of life) were used in six international academic portals. This search identifi ed 403 articles, and those meeting the preestablished inclusion criteria were extracted. The 55 articles selected were analyzed based on nine categories: language, year, journal, country, objective, dependent variable, instruments, independent variables and results. The studies had a longitudinal, transversal design or reported on instrument creation and validation. The literature review pointed out a large number of variables, confi rming the multidimensionality of the constructs. Aspects highlighted include health, economic situation, gender, marital status, interpersonal relationships, whether retirement was voluntary, retirement duration and leisure activities. A compilation of variables and an agenda for future studies are proposed based on the results of this review.
Introduction: Film clips are the most used stimuli to induce diff erent emotional states. Objective: Identify, select, and evaluate a set of fi lm clips according to dimensionality and discreteness of emotions. Film experts suggested 437 fragments, but only 70 met the criteria to be included in the LATEMO-E fi lm-clip database. Study 1: The 70 fi lm clips were tested for their ability to induce disgust, anger, fear, sadness, amusement, tenderness, and neutral (n = 147 participants; mean age = 20.64 years, SD ±2.21 years). Results: A total of 28 fi lm clips presented adequate scores on intensity and discreteness. Study 2: A total of 28 selected fi lm clips were assessed again in a new sample of 106 participants (mean age = 20.96 years, SD ±2.45 years). Results: Anger and amusement fi lm clips were the most extreme in the valence and activation dimensions. Anger and fear fi lm clips were the most extreme categories in the intensity, certainty, and control dimensions. Conclusions: These stimuli were useful for inducing emotional states that can be judged from both the dimensional perspective of emotions and the basic emotions perspective. Evoked emotions could be diff erentiated according to cognitive patterns of evaluation that guide behavior in response to emotional stimulation.
The practice of euthanasia activates the debate about the scope of therapeutic eff orts in limited situations and involves the society in the discussion of values and social beliefs implicated in the management of the person. The objective was to analyze the social representations about euthanasia between students of law and medicine. A free association questionnaire was applied with the inductor term: euthanasia, with 120 university students. The data were separately submitted to a prototypical analysis (IRaMuTeQ Software) and to a multiple correspondence analysis MCA (R.TeMiS Software). Through the prototypical analysis, some variations were identifi ed in the central core hypothesis, which referred to the possibility of two distinct social representations. Through the MCA, a lexical fi eld was observed, linked to the image of death for the Medicine group and to values and norms for the Law group, with religion as a signifi cant variable in the reorganization of the representational fi eld, being able to accentuate a negative and condemnatory dimension on this practice.
The scientifi c method is indispensable for the consolidation of evidence-based Psychology.However, Psychology is a discipline permeated by doubts about its scientifi c nature, and there are resistances to the scientifi c method by its students and professionals.The aim of this study was to verify relations between Attitude towards Science in Psychology's scores (ATSP) and sociodemographic characteristics.Participants were 611 people, students or professionals of Psychology, from all regions of Brazil, with 18 to 75 years, 64.2% women.Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Attitude towards Science in Psychology Scale.Men presented ATSP more favorable than women, as did students from private universities compared to public universities and people who work in relation to those who do not work.Rio de Janeiro presented lower rates of ATSP compared to other states in the South and Southeast.The results promote preliminary fi ndings of variables involved in the diffi culty of constructing a scientifi c psychology in Brazil.
This research evaluated the combined eff ects of instructions (through health education manual) and self-monitoring (using record forms) in occurrence of adherence to treatment by adolescents diagnosed with Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Four adolescents participated in the research, which had four stages: 1.Initial assessment; 2. Intervention, including Condition 1, with exposure to the manual followed by the self-monitoring record forms, and Condition 2, with a reversal order of these instruments; 3. Feedback; and 4. Follow-up.The data obtained with 24h recall and self-monitoring record forms were quantifi ed, allowing the calculation of the Treatment Adherence Index.Three participants showed an increase in this index after the use of self-monitoring records, regardless the exposition order of the instruments.The results of this research suggest that self-monitoring can assist in the installation of adherence behaviors, while manuals with instructions can help to maintain those behaviors, which would justify the combined use of these instruments.
The presence of psychologists in Brazilian social welfare has been increasing and the reality of psychology in this context is still surrounded by doubts and questions about the roles and identity of this professional in a social context of poverty and material needs. This article analyzes the psychologists’ work in the social welfare context considering the working conditions of these professionals. Participants of the study were 1,100 psychologists of all Brazilian regions, who answered an online questionnaire covering sociodemographic and work issues. The main results indicate that social welfare psychologists are poorly remunerated, have extensive workloads and are not technically prepared to deal with the issues that arise in the institutions they work. It was also found that the technical references are vague and only highlight ways, not prescribing specifi c activities. Therefore, the professionals must use their own resources to achieve the National Social Assistance Policy goals, adopting a creative and inventive approach.
Distance programs are frequently used by public healthcare providers at the Unifi ed Healthcare System (SUS) in Brazil.This research consisted of evaluating learning predictors in a distance specialization program off ered by a university to public healthcare providers.The main objective of this study was to analyze the infl uence of variables related to the characteristics of clients (personal data, professional data, well-being at work) and their reaction to the course (instructional procedures and tutor performance) over the learning process.Data collection was conducted through the Internet, with the participation of 125 students.The averages for the items of the Well-being Scale, Reaction to Tutor Performance Scale and Reaction to the Instructional Procedures Scale remained near the midpoint of the Scale.Concerning the learning results, students obtained high averages (grades) in the evaluative activities of the program.Well-being and reaction questionnaires were valid based on the analyzes performed.Multiple regression analyzes showed that participant reaction to instructional procedures and their practice area signifi cantly predicted the learning process of the sample.This work added new knowledge to the distance training evaluation area in public healthcare.
Utilizing the structural approach of the Social Representations Theory, which allows an order and understanding of the reality lived by individuals/groups, this study intends to identify the central nucleus and peripheral systems of the Social Representations of Vitiligo, as well as the representational structure of the self-image that people with the aff ection possess.For this, 370 Brazilians with Vitiligo from all regions of Brazil, aged from 18 to 67 (M=35.71,SD=12.11) and predominantly female (80.7%), were enrolled in a study through the online completion of a social-demographic questionnaire and the Free Word Association Technique (FWAT).In the FWAT, participants' responses were stimulated using the inductors "Vitiligo" and "Myself", the latter being related to the self-perception that the person with the disease experiences.The data were analyzed using prototypical lexicographic analysis, performed by the Evocation 2000 software.The results indicated, from the prominence of psychosocial evocations in the representational structure of Vitiligo and the participants' self-image, that Vitiligo's eff ects are not restricted to the skin, but overlap and negatively aff ect the social experience and self-concept of people with the disease.
This research aimed to identify anxiety, coping, and the signifi cant social network of the caregiver of a child with burns.It is a case study conducted by monitoring the caregiver of a child victim of burns in two phases: 1.Time when the child was hospitalized; 2. During their return to the Hospital Unit.The caregiver was the child's mother, married, and had more than three children.Instruments were used to identify anxiety indicators, coping strategies and social networks, besides an interview and a sociodemographic questionnaire.Data were analyzed through frequency, means and qualitative exploration.Results indicatedmild anxiety, and coping strategies based on religious practices, problem assessment and social support.The social network wasmainly constituted of family and community members, but also by friends and healthcare professionals.Material aid and emotional support were the main networkfunctions, whilecognitive guidance was specifi cally provided by the healthcare team.Results indicatethat it is necessary to monitor the family caregiver during the child's hospitalization and rehabilitation period, in order to provide comprehensive care to meet their needs.
Signed since 1990, school inclusion has brought challenges to the teaching practice not only due to the demands of teaching-learning, but also of the relation with the included student.Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize teachers about emotional competence and coping styles, as well as evaluate the quality of the included student-teacher relationship and the association between these variables.An analytical, quantitative and cross-sectional, observational study was carried out, involving 63 teachers from schools that attend students with defi cits in the performance of mental/intellectual functions in São Leopoldo-RS.They responded to the Sociodemographic and Labor Questionnaire, the Inventory of Emotional Competencies, the Brief Scale COPE and the Teacher-Student Relationship Scale.Descriptive and inferential statistical analyzes (Pearson's correlation and Multiple Linear Regression) revealed that although teachers have emotional skills and adaptive coping strategies, the confl ict factor was highlighted in the evaluation of the teacher-student relationship, with self-blame, positive reinterpretation and humor being the strategies that best explain it.Thus, the importance of investing in training actions in the area of inclusion is confi rmed, since the demands involved in this work tend to overwhelm teachers, refl ecting on the quality of their relationship with the included student.
Developing awareness of stereotypes regarding people with mental disorders has great relevance, as it implies understanding the characteristics of the shared conceptualization society has toward this social group.Such understanding identifi es elements for action aiming to favor the social inclusion of these individuals.This research aimed to develop the Scale of Stereotypes about the Mentally Ill (SSMI) by gathering psychometric data.Two studies were performed.In Study 1, 210 university students with a mean age of 24.07 (SD = 5.77) participated.In Study 2, 206 university students with a mean age of 24.35 (SD = 6.51) were included.In the fi rst study, principal component analysis indicated the existence of two components (Threat Stereotypes, α = 0.81; Disability stereotypes, α = 0.80) with 10 items in total.In the second study, a confi rmatory factor analysis indicated that the two-factor model proposed for the scale was adequate: χ²/df = 2.31, GFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.94, and RMSEA = 0.08 (90% CI = 0.057 -0.103).It was concluded that this measure exhibits apparent factor validity and internal consistency and can be used to measure stereotypes about individuals with mental illness adequately.
Working memory refers to all the systems and processes linked to the maintenance and active retention of information relevant to the performance and execution of complex cognitive tasks.Individual diff erences in working memory have been shown to explain diff erences in other cognitive abilities, such as comprehension and reasoning.The purpose of the present work was to study the relationship between verbal working memory, verbal reasoning and text comprehension, for which a verbal working memory battery was designed and validated: The verbal Computerized Working Memory Battery (Batería Informatizada de Memoria de Trabajo Verbal [BIMeT-V]).Results showed that the tests administered presented a very good reliability due to internal consistency and, in terms of validity, two latent factors saturated the tests: one of storage and one of storage and concurrent processing of verbal information.Likewise, verbal reasoning skills and the ability to comprehend expository texts are supported by working memory's concurrent storage and processing of verbal information, and to a lesser extent, or with a lesser role, the verbal information storage component.
People are victims of consumer fraud and scams on a daily basis.However, in most cases, the victims could have detected the fraud if only they had checked for inconsistencies in the scammer's message.What makes some people detect and avoid a scam while others fall prey to it?This article investigates, in two experiments, the eff ects of ego depletion, issue involvement, need for cognition, and strength and valence of arguments on attitudes and attitude change.Experiment 1 tested the hypothesis that, in the case of high ego depletion, the participants' attitudes would be similar in both strong and weak argument conditions, whereas in the case of low ego depletion, their attitudes would be signifi cantly more favorable in strong argument conditions.In Experiment 2, we hypothesized that participants' attitudes would follow the direction of the valence of the persuasive message presented to them.The results corroborated the hypothesis of Experiment 2 alone.Overall, the results indicate a low tendency for the participants to agree with the persuasive messages.Future studies could benefi t from using diff erent manipulations of the elaboration likelihood and from testing the persuasiveness of fraudulent messages.
The increasing need for psychological instruments characterized by scientifi c rigor, with their psychometric qualities confi rmed, drives the development of studies that seek evidence of validity for psychological tests.The aim of this study was to seek evidence of validity for the Pfi ster Test by comparing the sexes.The study was carried out with 197 children from the city of Ceará, 46% male and 54% female, using the Pfi ster Colored Pyramids Test as the main instrument and the Raven Colored Progressive Matrices Test as an instrument to screen the intellectual performance of the participants.After statistical analysis and interpretation of the data, predominance in the choice of blue, green and black colors was observed in the boys, especially regarding darker tones, which may indicate emotionrelated control.The girls made more frequent use of the colors violet and red, both in the lightest tones, which culturally refers to femininity and may suggest impulsivity.It was concluded that there are statistically signifi cant diff erences in color choices between boys and girls, which can be comprehended as a contribution to the evidence of validity studies of the Pfi ster Test.
The growing importance of human capital to the success of organizations has increased the eff orts to learn what companies can do to attract and retain employees capable of helping them succeed. This paper investigated what individual, organizational and contextual variables predicted competent performance, job satisfaction, and intention to remain in the organization. Participants were 262 Brazilian professionals, who answered a survey online containing measures to assess individual (sociodemographic data, personality, and moral forces), organizational (labor data, contractual, constituent, calculative and behavioral forces), and contextual aspects (perceptions about the labor market, perceived employment opportunities, and nomative forces). Their mean age was 35.4 years (SD = 8.74) and 63% were men. Three independent hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted. Results indicate that: individual aspects were the best predictors of competent performance; organizational variables only predicted Job satisfaction, and that individual, organizational, and contextual variables predicted intention to remain. We conclude that, although diff erent variables predict performance, satisfaction and retention of professionals, the calculative force predicts these three variables. We recommend, therefore, that evidence-based management enable clear career dialogues between employees and organizational representatives, in order to retain valuable professionals and promote satisfactory experiences in organizations.
The present study aimed to understand how the gender category emerges in studies about adoption in the Brazilian context.The guiding question was: How do researches in the context of adoption, regarding children, parents and professionals, address gender issues?An integrative literature review was conducted on the databases LILACS, SciELO and PePISC with the descriptors adoption, gender and parentality, published between 2007 and 2017.Seventeen articles had been recovered and three categories were constituted: (a) Exercise of maternity in the context of adoption; (b) (In)visibility of paternity in the discussion about adoptive parenting; (c) Homoparentality: meanings of reproductive technology and adoption.The studies brought to light refl ections about adoptive parenting and adoptive homoparentality, as well as highlighting the way these couples exercise their parental roles.It is concluded that understanding how parental roles are exercised in these diff erent realities makes it possible to understand diff erent family arrangements, opening more space for families by adoption.It is recommended to expand the gender discussions in order to provide questions and tensions for this scenario, dialoguing with diff erent developmental and clinical perspectives.
