The use of organic solid waste for energy generation has become a promising and sustainable solution to address environmental issues, particularly those related to fossil fuel consumption. Producing energy from forest biomass offers a viable and eco-friendly alternative, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A key factor for the sustainable production and supply of bioenergy is the abundant availability of suitable raw materials. Among these, forestry pruning waste stands out as a significant resource, often poorly managed and improperly disposed of. An environmentally responsible way to utilize these residues is through incineration, using the resulting hot gases from combustion for energy generation. The primary goal of this study was to quantify the energy generation potential from the forestry pruning waste of UFPR. To achieve this, the organic waste from UFPR was chemically characterized through Proximate Analysis, along with determining the higher heating value and moisture content. A mathematical model was developed to quantify the generation of electrical energy, simulating the steady-state operation of the incineration system. Additionally, a mathematical model of the Rankine cycle plant was created to predict the necessary thermal exchange areas in the plant. The analyses of the collected samples showed heterogeneity, with low ash content at 0.76% and moisture content ranging from 10.67% to 16.80%, but an average high higher heating value of 19.39 MJ.kg-1. The mathematical model predicted that these residues could be sustainably used for electricity generation, with a power output of 54.28 kW. The chemical analysis results led to optimization in the thermal exchange areas of the Rankine cycle plant, facilitating the efficient utilization of hot gases produced from the incineration of these forestry residues.
Nitrogen thin film evaporation is a novel technique applied to cryopreservation, which aims to improve the preservation of biological samples at ultra-low temperatures. Cryopreservation is a critical process used in various fields, including biomedical research, regenerative medicine, and the storage of genetic materials. Traditional cryopreservation methods often suffer from sample damage caused by ice crystal formation and chemical toxicity associated with conventional cryoprotectants. This study developed an experimental apparatus comprising a vacuum chamber and two cryocauteries. The sample is stored in a polydimethylsiloxane-based composite reservoir between two copper plates with a nickel microporous outer surface. This system is suspended inside the chamber, and nitrogen jets promote evaporation. Chamber pressure and sample temperatures are recorded during the experiments. Tests were performed using dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol and sucrose solutions in phosphate-buffered saline at different concentrations and volumes to evaluate vitrification and cooling rates. Effects of volume and concentration were evaluated, and it was found that vitrification success is directly related to the cryoprotective agent concentration used. In addition, no significant impact on the visual appearance of the samples related to vitrification regarding the sample geometry was observed. The copper foam porous surface resulted in the highest cooling rate, which is associated with the properties of the foam, such as its high thermal conductivity.
Higher concentrations of greenhouse gases, resulting from anthropogenic actions associated with energy generation, are one of the causes of climate change. In view of this, several efforts have been undertaken in the search for more sustainable alternatives, and photovoltaic (PV) technology has stood out among the different possibilities. However, PV generation is highly sensitive to future climate variability, which is a source of uncertainty that can complicate energy planning and compromise the viability of systems. This theme has received attention from the academic community, but some challenges to mapping and identifying the relevant literature have been encountered. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze and identify relevant aspects of international scientific production focused on the impacts of climate change on the potential of photovoltaic production, CC-PVP, through bibliometric techniques. For this purpose, 3900 articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, published between 1960 and 2021, were retrieved and analyzed through a bibliometric approach, using the SciMAT v1.1.04 tool. Among the results obtained, it is worth pointing out that the CC-PVP research field has moderate maturity, and it is concentrated in the areas of energy, fuels, and technology, as well as environmental sciences and meteorology. It was concluded that key themes revolve around global energy, forecasting photovoltaic energy production, and electrical energy consumption, especially concerning climate change. Furthermore, it was found that researchers from China, North America, and Australia contribute significantly to this area compared to researchers from other countries.
This work consists of a comparative study between two standing wave thermoacoustic engines that differ in the geometry of their resonant chambers, but hold the same internal elements and operate at the same fundamental frequency and boundary conditions. One of the engines consists of a straight tube of circular cross-section as its main part that defines a resonant acoustic waveguide, while the other one consists of, in addition to a similar straight tube, also a conical bulb connected to one of its ends acting as a coupled Helmholtz resonator. According to the literature, the Helmholtz cavity causes a higher pitch quality in the first harmonic mode, which is of greatest interest from the energetic point of view. The main objective of this work is to verify and evaluate such an effect on the engine performance so that to explore its optimization by means of frequency and geometric. Both engines are simulated in the DeltaEC software. DeltaEC, however, does not include harmonics other than the fundamental one. Understanding of the influence of higher acoustic modes may lead to a better management of the thermoacoustic engine configuration towards higher thermal efficiencies.
This study is motivated by the production of synthesis gas (syngas) from gasification of refused-derived fuel (RDF) in thermochemical reactors. For this purpose, a reactor with a circulating fluidized bed transforms RDF into synthesis gas at temperatures around 850°C. The syngas consists of a biphasic mixture, containing fuel gas and solid particles that are dragged during the gasification process. The gas flows into an axial cyclone positioned inside the upper part of the reactor, so that non-gasified particulates, inert residues and particles from the bed can be removed. Due to the size and density of the solid particles and the residence time inside the thermochemical reactor, the cyclone must be designed to clean the gas, improving its quality and reducing costs with scrubbers. Therefore, in this study, a vertical cylindrical reactor with 10.57 m height and 0.95 m diameter was modeled computationally, with an axial cyclone inside measuring 9.3 m in height and 0.6 m in the largest diameter region. The model does not consider thermochemical reactions inside the reactor. For the solid phase, 0.425 m³ of 100 mesh sand particles with a constant density equal to 1500 kg/m³ were considered. For the gas phase an air flow of 800 kg/h at 500°C was adopted. Numerical-computational models were solved using the ANSYS® software, based on the classical equations of mass conservation, momentum and energy. The k-omega SST turbulence model has been applied. From the analysis of pressure gradient, velocity profiles and the particulate removal rate in the cyclone, the cyclone efficiency and the pressure drop were determined. An efficiency of 99.83% in the cleaning process carried out by the axial cyclone was observed. The obtained results also allowed analyze the distribution of particles inside the reactor and their passage in the axial cyclone.
Breast cancer is among the diseases that kill the most women in Brazil and worldwide. The lethality of the disease is related to its stage, that is, to the degree of the disease's involvement in the individual. Early diagnosis is, therefore, of utmost importance to increase the chances of cure and patients' survival. The thermography exam, a safe method free of radiation exposure and physical contact, is capable of detecting the first metabolic alterations caused by a tumor. However, it provides only metabolic information and not anatomical information about the tumor, besides being strongly influenced by environmental factors (humidity, radiation, room temperature) and patient factors (age, breast shape and size). The objective of the work is, therefore, to develop a standardized method of using thermography through infrared imaging for the diagnosis of breast cancer. The method aims to provide anatomical information about the tumor, based on metabolic information from infrared imaging. For this purpose, breast imaging exams will be transformed into 3D STL models and subsequently smoothed and discretized using a uniform cubic mesh. The Method of Volume Elements divides the domain to be studied into control volumes, with each element of the mesh corresponding to a volume element of the breast. Using physical laws and empirical and theoretical correlations for mass, heat, and fluid flow, each volume element can be represented by a system of ordinary differential equations, which indicate the heat exchange and blood flow in each unit. In this way, the internal and surface temperature distributions of the breast as functions of time, space, and known initial and boundary conditions can be calculated. By comparing the obtained surface temperature of the breast and the actual infrared image temperature distribution of the breast, it will be possible to simulate the internal temperature distribution of the breast and obtain a precise estimate of the tumor location. This approach could make thermography more independent of complementary exams, as well as enable accurate early-stage cancer diagnosis and tumor depth prediction.
With the 4th Industrial Revolution, many industry sectors are incorporating digital features, such as Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Twin, among others. In this context, the nuclear energy industry also demands for computational tools able to deal with design and operating data. This paper presents a thermodynamic analysis model for Angra 2 and 3 Nuclear Power Plants. It describes the development of a computational code that provides process data – temperature, pressure and mass flow rate – under steady state regimes. The basic mathematical models for the power plants processes are presented. The model covers the whole power generation process, including the primary circuit, which is composed by the reactor and cold and hot legs, the secondary cycle, which is the most complex one and consists on a regenerative Rankine power cycle, and the tertiary cycle, which is the sea water inlet and outlet. Results are shown for validation cases, by comparisons with heat balance diagrams of Angra 2 NPP for three different cases: (i) normal operation at 100% power load, (ii) normal operation at partial power load and (iii) preheating train bypass.
A great technological advent is the use of renewable energies with the objective of promoting the migration of the world energy matrix. For this, alternatives to generate and store energy are sought. Among them, the use of hydrogen stands out - the most abundant chemical element in our universe - produced from various sources, such as natural gas, biomass and water electrolysis, making it a viable option as a renewable fuel, in addition to being considered a source of clean energy, as its burning does not emit gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), one of the main responsible for global warming. In addition, hydrogen can be used in a range of applications, including transportation, power generation, heating and industry, making it versatile with fossil fuels. Its intrinsic properties such as its high energy density become advantageous from the perspective of the economy based on hydrogen. When used in fuel cells, it can generate electricity efficiently and without pollutants, after all, the only emission from the fuel cell system is water. The most common way to produce hydrogen is from natural gas, through a process called steam reforming, where methane from natural gas is combined with water vapor to produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide as a by-product. However, this approach still emits CO2, in a smaller amount, when compared to the direct burning of fossil fuels. Another option is the production of hydrogen from biomass, such as agricultural and forestry waste, through gasification processes or anaerobic fermentation, which can be neutral in terms of CO2 emissions, as the carbon released during production is offset by the carbon absorbed. by plants during their growth. In addition, water electrolysis, which uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, is another option for producing hydrogen without CO2 emissions when the electricity used comes from renewable sources. With its vast production, hydrogen can be used as a form of renewable energy storage, after all, one of the main limitations of renewable energies, such as solar and wind, is their intermittency, that is, energy generation depends on climatic conditions. Hydrogen can be produced when there is a surplus of renewable energy available, being stored in liquid or gaseous form, in large spoons, facilitating its transport for later use, and also, meeting the growing world energy demand.
Polymeric composite materials can be build in different forms, resulting in different mechanical properties, with numerous industrial applications. Traditionally, they have been largely used in the automotive, naval and aerospace industries. A major concern in polymeric composites manufacture is related with the determination and control of the reinforcement and resin physical properties. They are responsible for the final composite mechanic properties and, if not correct defined, will result in defective composites. Reinforcement permeability is one of these physical properties that, in some cases, are difficult to be kept within the project specification. More specifically, for the case of the transverse permeability, its corrected determination is reported in literature as being considerably more difficult to experiment than the in-plane permeability. The most common experiment for transverse permeability determination is built with a cylindrical mold on which the reinforcement is positioned (and compressed) between two perforated plates. A fluid is forced transversely through the reinforcement, volumetric flow rate and pressure drop are measured, and the Darcy's Law is used to determine the permeability. In this experiment, flow is assumed rectilinear, and the holes of the perforated plates are ignored in the Darcy equation. It is known that size, number e position of these holes may influence the permeability determination, however this problem is not commonly discussed in literature. In this work it is presented a numerical study about the influence of the geometry of the perforated plates on the corrected determination of the reinforcement transverse permeability. The reinforcement region is molded as a porous medium and the two fluid flow (air + resin) is formulated with the Volume of Fluid (VoF) method. GMSH software was used to created and discretize the geometry and OpenFOAM software, more specifically using the interFoam solver, was used to solve the flow problem, determining pressure drop and flow rate inside the mold. Results have shown that correct determination of the transverse permeability is highly dependent on perforate plates geometry.
In the operation of heat exchangers there are some variables to be controlled, making it difficult to found optimized parameters. The aim of this study was to compare the experimental and simulated values of the outlet temperatures, as well as to understand the influence of operating variables for the equipment. It was used a shell and tube heat exchanger didactic module, with a constant cold fluid flow rate equal to 1.4 L.min 1. The experiments were carried out on the basis of a 2² full factorial experimental design with central points, as well as computer simulations in the steady state and transient regime. The higher values for heat exchange overall heat transfer coefficient determined was around 250 W.m 2.K 1. Thus, the flow regime affects the evaluated response. In addition, the computer simulation in the permanent regime presented less relative deviation. Therefore, it can be seen that although the simulations show results close to the experimental ones, there are still associated errors that should be studied and minimized, since factors such as bubble formation were not considered in the simulations. Thus, it was found that computer simulations can be used to understand the operation of heat exchangers, but they are limited to real phenomena that are not considered in theoretical mathematical models. Therefore, this study elucidates the application of statistical and computer-assisted methods as a tool to comprehend heat exchangers behavior for industrial and didactic purposes.
A vortex or Ranque-Hilsch tube is a moving parts-free device that splits a compressed air stream into a cold and a hot stream at its two extremities. Although there exist some theoretical approaches based on internal shock and expansion waves as well as Maxwell velocity distribution, a final word on the phenomenon to explain the thermal energy splitting has not been reached yet. Nevertheless, from the classical Thermodynamics point-of-view, the conservation laws of mass and energy along with the Second Law validation applied to a control volume enveloping the vortex must be fulfilled. Consequently, such a simple device may be an outstanding tool for hands-on laboratory teaching of engineering Thermodynamics. In accordance with that, an educational laboratory test rig was conceived to carry out experiments to demonstrate the fundamental laws: mass and energy conservations, and the Second Law constraint. As a secondary goal, students can be acquainted with flow, pressure, and temperature measuring techniques, along with obtaining thermodynamic properties, computing, and data-reducing procedure as part of the testing as well. In addition, the coefficient of performance in refrigeration and heat pump operation modes can be obtained and a proper discussion of the vortex tube working principle can be fostered.
As urban centers grow and environmental regulations become more stringent, the complexity of integral systems within vehicles, aircraft, and other urban essentials escalates. A pivotal response to this challenge involves achieving enhanced energy efficiency and environmental appeal while maintaining cost-effectiveness. In this context, mathematical modeling, coupled with simulation and optimization techniques, emerges as a pivotal tool. This approach yields favorable outcomes with modest initial investments, contrasting with the resource-intensive nature of purely experimental design. Amongst the fundamental components, heat exchangers find widespread use, facilitating thermal exchange between fluids across diverse applications. Consequently, meticulous design and parametric optimization of these devices to attain peak performance and optimal energy efficiency are imperative, aligning with evolving environmental and energy trends. The simulation of such systems operates within an expansive range of operational and geometric parameters. These encompass mass flow rates, line pressures, pipe diameters, and pipe placements. However, excessive parameter combinations can render optimization computationally infeasible, necessitating judicious simplifications. Striking a balance between precision and computational efficiency, reduced-order models present a valuable intermediary solution. These models, situated between low- and high-order methods, offer robust mathematical representations without significant precision compromises. Thus, reduced-order models, which constitute an intermediate approach when compared to low- and high-order methods, can be used as a mathematical modeling tool without a significant loss of precision in the results. The present work presents an optimization and parametric analysis of a recuperative heat exchanger using a reduced-order approach employing the volume element model (VEM) as a discretization method, which is capable of providing accurate results at low costs. computational. The Laws of Conservation of Mass and Energy are applied to volume elements in combination with empirical correlations in order to quantify the quantities of interest, such as the convection heat transfer coefficient and temperature distribution. A parametric analysis was performed in order to observe the behavior of entropy generation in order to find its minimum points. The mass flow of water varied from 0.001 kg/s to 0.0085 kg/s with the mass flow of hot gases and the mass flow rate of gas was held constant in three stages, namely: 0.14 kg/s; 0.2 kg/s; and 0.3 kg/s. The local minimum was obtained for each of the three gas mass flow rate considerations, 8.53 W/K, 8.78 W/K, and 9.20 W/K respectively.
Solar energy is an alternative to reducing dependence on non-renewable energy sources in various productive sectors. The present work has its main objective to simulate, evaluate and select a solar cooling system using a double absorption cycle (H2O – LiBr). The heat source of the generator-absorber is the water heated through different technologies of solar thermal collectors: Evacuated Tube Collector (ETC) and Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC). Five different arrangement areas were tested for each collector type. The systems were simulated in the TRNSYS® software. A 334.4 m³ cold chamber must be maintained at a constant temperature of 0 ºC. The thermal and energy analysis results indicate that the ETC configuration has the best system efficiency and the highest solar fraction throughout the year. The best option evaluated is the ETC configuration with a collector area of 100 m². In addition to supplying the thermal demand, it presents the most significant collector efficiencies, a better solar ratio, the highest savings at the end of the analysis period, and the lowest required investment value, showing as a sustainable option.
Bioreactors are applied in the production of various products and the analysis of parameters that describe the production/consumption kinetics of the species becomes important to be able to design the bioreactors, as well as through mathematical models to be able to carry out simulations that make it possible to infer the concentration of species in scenarios where there is no experimental data. In this context, this article shows the application of Bayesian techniques (Monte Carlo Via Markov Chain-MCMC) to estimate both parameters and state variables in which there are no experimental measurements. The application was carried out using a model that has as state variables substrate (S), product (P) and biomass (X) using the Monod model as the kinetic model. The estimates obtained had good accuracy and precision in the evaluated scenario.
This paper investigates an Evaporative Air Cooler (EAC) thermal performance and energy efficiency, when reducing the air temperature. EAC equipment typically consists of fan, small hydraulic pump and cooling pads. That device is able to provide ventilation only or air cooling trough water evaporative process that increases the air humidity (absolute and relative) and, as consequence, air temperature decreases (dry and wet bulb). The methodology adapts some aspects from ABNT - Brazilian Technical Standards Normative, for air conditioning devices. During tests, the fan rotor operates in 3 (three) angular speeds (RPM) in different ambient conditions for inlet air. Appropriate instrumentation and measurements registration allow to register the behavior of thermal parameters as: dry and wet bulb temperatures (Tdb and Twb, °C), air relative humidity (RH, %), enthalpy (kJ.kg-1), and water mass flow (kg.s-1). Thus, main results are for overall efficiency (η, %) considering the energy conversion from electricity to air flow hydraulic power, and cooling effectiveness (ε, %) is based on heat exchange between water evaporation and airflow rate. As main conclusions, we point out that: a) ↓Tdb for ↓mAir, reaching ΔT~5.0°C and corresponding ΔΦ~20%, when comparing outlet and inlet airflow parameters; b) EAC efectiveness reaches maximum values for lower rotor angular speeds (εEAC ~90%@1300 RPM), in comparison to higher ones; c) For a constant rotor angular speed, EAC performance (CP, εEAC and others) is strongly dependent on air ambient conditions; mAir increases from ~13.8 kg.s-1 up to ~16.5 kg.s-1 when rotor angular speeds goes from 1300 RPM to 1500 RPM.
Pulsating heat pipes are simple passive devices with excellent heat transfer capabilities, presenting low thermal resistance. Its thermal performance is mainly influenced by the thermophysical properties and volume of the working fluid. In this context, the impact of ethanol on the thermal performance of a diffusion-bonded flat plate pulsating heat pipe, composed of round channels with lateral grooves in the evaporator, is experimentally studied in this research. The experimental results of the pulsating heat pipe are compared with a previous study using distilled water. The grooved flat plate pulsating heat pipe is specially designed for cooling large-scale electronics (208x150x4.4 mm3), including those for space applications. Its thermal behavior is investigated in three different orientations: gravity-assisted, horizontal and against-gravity. The device with ethanol works satisfactorily in all tested positions. The most notable impact of the ethanol was in the thermal enhancement of the PHP operating in the against-gravity orientation, reducing the thermal resistance and the evaporator temperature by 10 °C. Besides, ethanol promotes early startup in the horizontal and against-gravity positions. This research extends the operating range of the pulsating heat pipe for cooling large-scale electronics, enabling the device for future microgravity tests aboard a sounding rocket.
The waste heat generated by the high-power chips increases their operating temperature, reducing their performance and service life. Flat plate two-phase devices are promising cooling solutions for power electronics. Among them, the thermosyphons and pulsating heat pipes, which respectively promote the fluid circulation by gravity and oscillatory motion of liquid slugs and vapor plugs, are interesting devices to be investigated, as both show excellent heat transfer capacities. In the present work, the thermal performance of a mini flat plate thermosyphon is experimentally investigated and compared with that of a pulsating heat pipe, aiming for the thermal management of waste heat produced by miniaturized high-power chips. Both two-phase devices have the same external dimensions (100 x 55 mm2) and were manufactured by diffusion bonding technology. Distilled water was used as the working fluid. Tested in the same conditions, both operated successfully for the gravity-assisted mode; however, the thermosyphon, the lighter device, was able to transfer more heat. In the horizontal position, the pulsating heat pipe showed excellent thermal performance after the startup, working until high heat loads. In general, it was observed that the PHP became independent of gravity action for heat loads above 100 W.
This paper presents a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of a hybrid refrigeration system that integrates an evacuated tube solar thermal collector into a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. The proposed analysis comprises two distinct approaches: an isovolumetric model and a compressible flow model. The former assumes a constant specific volume within the solar heat exchanger, while the latter applies principles of compressible fluid dynamics. The study compares these models with a reference work, emphasizing similarities and disparities. The investigation systematically varies key parameters, including evaporator and condenser temperatures, inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat exchanger, and heat load. By varying these parameters, the coefficient of performance (COP) and compressor work are evaluated, elucidating the impact of heat addition on the system's performance. Additionally, the influence of different working refrigerant fluids, such as R22 and R410A, is examined under various design point conditions. The results demonstrate the potential energy savings achievable by the hybrid system, with reductions in electrical power compared to the conventional compressor, as solar heat is introduced. While the isovolumetric analysis closely aligns with the reference work, the compressible flow modeling highlights sensitivity to inlet conditions. Although not directly comparable, the latter approach presents promising trends within specific design point ranges. Comparisons of performance curves for different refrigerant fluids further validate the models and assist in potential fluid selection. Overall, the outcomes indicate a promising avenue for energy-efficient refrigeration systems and provide valuable insights for engineering design and optimization.
Heat exchangers are devices that aim to improve heat exchange between two fluids at different temperatures, without them mixing. The characteristics that differentiate the types of exchangers are their geometric and constructive shapes, exemplified by the shell and tubes, serpentine, finned, plate, and double tube types, among others. For the present paper, a heat exchanger tube is used, which is connected by thermosyphons to carry out the thermal exchange between the fluids without mixing them. In order to increase the thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger, it is necessary more efficient thermal exchange devices. For this purpose, in this case, we use thermosyphons. The goal of this experimental study is to evaluate the thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger using thermosyphons. In this study, the thermosyphons were manufactured in copper with outer diameter of 9.45mm, an inner diameter of 7.75mm, and a total length of 180mm. The condenser, evaporator, and adiabatic sections all have the same size of 60mm. Three thermosyphons connected the two fluids of the heat exchanger, each one filled with distilled water with a filling ratio of 40% of the evaporator volume and experimentally tested with an angle of 67.5º relative to the horizontal with the surfaces at fixed temperatures (Dirichlet conditions) and the cooling being carried out by convection forced water. The thermal analysis was based on the temperature distribution along the length, the operating temperature, and the thermal resistance. Given the results observed for the thermal resistance, it was possible to find the thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger.
The current global scenario presents a significant increase in energy demand for HVAC-R (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration) systems. Considering also that Brazil has the sixth most expensive energy in the world and that there is currently a greater scarcity of natural resources for energy generation, it is necessary to seek viable alternatives with lower energy consumption to the currently most used models, without any quality loss. On the other hand, absorption refrigeration and waste incineration systems can be lines of studies and research to be considered, considering that it is possible to reduce electrical energy consumption and also the environmental impacts that the usual compression refrigeration systems provide. . . In this context, one of the segments of Thermal Systems Engineering studied is the exergoeconomic analysis that comprises the concepts of Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, based on the Second Law of Thermodynamics and which uses the notions of optimization and economic analysis. Therefore, this work aims to perform an exergoeconomic analysis of a hybrid system of waste incineration and absorption refrigeration, with the specific objective of developing an exergoeconomic model for the hybrid system. Absorption incinerator-refrigerator. This is an exploratory bibliographic research using an absorption refrigerator from the Center for Research and Development of Self-Sustainable Energy (NPDEAS) of the Federal University of Paraná, in which a model was made with a macroscopic approach of the mass and heat transfer phenomena of a absorption refrigeration cycle, applying the principles of conservation of mass and energy in steady state for each component of the cycle, that is, each component will be considered as a single control volume. It is expected that it will be possible to predict the behavior of the absorption refrigeration system and that it will be possible to develop a scientific analysis tool to design, control and optimize absorption refrigeration systems, using waste incineration. The highest exergy destroyed was verified in the desorber with about 0.9461 kW and through the exergoeconomic analysis of the incinerator, it was found that the cost rate associated with the product of the incineration gases was $ 39,926.31 per year.
