More than 60% of Indonesia's GDP comes from Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs), which also employ a sizable percentage of the labor force across a range of industries. But even with their significant contribution, a lot of MSMEs struggle with access to formal financial services and financial management. The primary barriers to their expansion and sustainability are low financial literacy and restricted financial inclusion. The management and financial performance of MSMEs are hampered by low financial inclusion and financial literacy. Through financial management practices, this study seeks to examine how financial inclusion and financial literacy affect the financial performance of MSMEs in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). A quantitative approach using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique is the study methodology employed. A survey of 100 MSMEs in NTB was used to gather data. The findings demonstrated that financial management behavior is positively and significantly impacted by financial inclusion and financial literacy. Financial performance is positively and significantly impacted by financial management practices and financial inclusion. However, financial performance is significantly and negatively impacted by financial literacy. Furthermore, the relationship is mediated by financial management practices.
Realizirana volatilnost temelji se na intradnevnim visokofrekventnim prinosima i standardna je mjera stvarne, premda nepoznate, integrirane volatilnosti financijske imovine. Iako je realizirana volatilnost determinirana ex-post, u posljednjem desetljeću razvijeno je nekoliko modela za njezino predviđanje, koji se razlikuju prema svojstvima koja nastoje obuhvatiti, kao što su duga memorija, heteroskedastičnost, cjenovni skokovi, asimetrična reakcija na pozitivne i negativne šokove te mikro strukturni šum, kao i prema tome modeliraju li realiziranu volatilnost izravno ili posredno. Uspješnost takvih modela još je uvijek nedovoljno istražena, osobito na europskim tržištima kapitala, za razliku od američkih tržišta koja su zastupljenija u dosadašnjim studijama. Stoga je cilj ovoga rada usporediti uspješnost odabranih modela u prognoziranju realizirane volatilnosti indeksa DAX, koji se smatra referentnim europskim dioničkim indeksom. U tu svrhu uspoređuju se HAR, MEM, HEAVY i realizirani GARCH modeli ne samo radi utvrđivanja modela s najvećom prognostičkom točnošću, već i radi ispitivanja ovisi li njihova učinkovitost o frekvenciji uzorkovanja i izboru realizirane mjere koja se prognozira. Time rad doprinosi literaturi u kojoj ne postoji konsenzus o najprikladnijim modelima za prognoziranje pojedinih realiziranih mjera volatilnosti. Empirijski nalazi pružaju implikacije za upravljanje rizicima i vrednovanje financijskih instrumenata na europskim tržištima kapitala, osobito u razdoblju neizvjesnosti obuhvaćenom analizom. Istraživanje se temelji na jednominutnim zaključnim cijenama indeksa DAX, dok se prognostička točnost vrednuje primjenom više kriterija.
The paper examines the current state and development prospects of the Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe within Istria County (Croatia). The authors began with the premise that Istria, being a cross-border, multicultural, and multilingual area distinguished by a unique cultural landscape, possesses significant potential for establishing European cultural routes. The research problem arises from the observation that the implementation of the Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe in Istria has remained in its initial stages of development, and that key stakeholders have not yet fully recognized the strategic potential of enhancing the region’s distinctive heritage through the establishment of transnational cultural routes. The research methodology employed a qualitative case study approach, incorporating both desk and field research, which involved interviews with representatives from key stakeholders. After conducting a literature review, this research presents a case study of Istria County. The analysis focuses on identifying existing challenges, developmental prospects, and recommended strategic measures concerning the implementation of the Cultural Routes of the Council of Europe in the region. The findings indicate that European thematic cultural routes, recognized as the most accessible and cost-efficient forms of cultural tourism, can play a crucial role in reinforcing local identities and promoting sustainable economic development in the region. Istria County, as a cross-border area, has the potential to promote cultural routes as a model for the valorisation of shared European heritage and core European values.
Tri su cilja ovoga rada. Prvo, objasniti funkcioniranje sustava zlatnoga standarda. Drugo, objasniti kako su devizni tečajevi fluktuirali u različitim razdobljima zlatnoga standarda. Treće, objasniti razloge prestanka postojanja zlatnoga standarda. Metodološki temelj istraživanja u ovome radu je povijesni pristup. Uz analitičko-sintetički okvir istraživanja, primijenjene su primarno deskriptivna i komparativna metoda, a istraživanje je temeljeno na sekundarnim izvorima podataka. Temeljna osobina sustava zlatnoga standarda bila je neograničena konvertibilnost domaće valute za zlato koju je jamčila središnja banka neke zemlje po unaprijed utvrđenom paritetu. Također, bila su dopuštena međunarodna plaćanja zlatom, to jest zlato se moglo slobodno kretati iz jedne zemlje u drugu. U početku, u ovome sustavu devizni tečajevi su fluktuirali u uskom rasponu između gornje i donje zlatne točke. Pri tome su gornja i donja zlatna točka bile određene zlatnim paritetom uvećanim ili umanjenim za troškove prijevoza i osiguranja zlata. Poslije, u razdoblju brettonwoodskoga sporazuma, devizni tečajevi fluktuirali su u odnosu na postavljeni paritet u rasponu fluktuacije od ±1 %, koji je održavan intervencijama središnjih banaka na deviznom tržištu. Iako je sustav zlatnoga standarda imao svojih prednosti koje su se očitovale ponajprije putem stabilnosti deviznoga tečaja, njegov osnovni nedostatak bio je vezanost količine novca u optjecaju za količinu zlata kojom je neka zemlja raspolagala. To je bio ograničavajući čimbenik u razdobljima rata ili recesije, ali i u okolnostima rasta vrijednosti međunarodnih transakcija. Zbog posljedica njegovih nedostataka, zlatni standard službeno je ukinut 1971. godine.
Svrha ovoga rada je istražiti utjecaj kognitivnih pristranosti na donošenje odluka u područjima financija i medicine te ispitati mogućnosti interdisciplinarnog prijenosa strategija za umanjenje njihova utjecaja. Analiza se temelji na teorijskom okviru dualnog modela razmišljanja (Sustav 1 i Sustav 2) i sekundarnoj analizi relevantne literature iz područja ekonomije, kognitivne psihologije i medicine. Fokus je stavljen na četiri najčešće pristranosti (potvrđivanja, sidrenja, heuristiku dostupnosti i pretjerano samopouzdanje) uz prikaz njihovih manifestacija u oba konteksta i strategija za njihovo umanjenje utjecaja, uključujući metakognitivne tehnike, kontrolne liste, grupno odlučivanje i simulacijske metode poput Monte Carlo analize. Rezultati pokazuju da su temeljni mehanizmi pristranosti konzistentni u različitim kontekstima, iako se njihove posljedice razlikuju ovisno o području i ciljevima odlučivanja. Ta konzistentnost otvara prostor za razvoj zajedničkih strategija i prijenos učinkovitih metoda između ta dva analizirana područja. Praktične implikacije uključuju mogućnost primjene medicinskih strukturiranih protokola u financijama te integraciju kvantitativnih modela iz financija u kliničke procjene. Ograničenja rada odnose se na nedostatak primarnih empirijskih podataka, fokus na ograničen broj pristranosti i teorijsku razinu prijedloga interdisciplinarnog prijenosa. Buduća istraživanja trebaju kombinirati teorijske uvide s praktičnim rješenjima i tehnološkim inovacijama kako bi se otvorio prostor za učinkovitije i robusnije okvire odlučivanja. Interdisciplinarni pristup dodatni je iskorak u povećanju kvalitete stručnih odluka u financijskom i medicinskom odlučivanju.
This study investigates the interrelationship between the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), green finance, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance in relation to sustainable productivity within Chinese publicly listed companies. Utilizing comprehensive firm-level panel data that encompasses 1,000 listed firms from 2012 to 2024, amounting to 13,000 firm-year observations sourced from the CSMAR database, corporate disclosures, and reputable ESG rating agencies, the study applies pooled OLS and fixed-effects models, a difference-in-differences (DiD) framework, and mediation analyses to fill existing gaps in the comprehension of sustainable transformation mechanisms. The findings reveal a positive correlation between AI adoption and sustainable productivity (β = 0.115, p < 0.01), as well as with the intensity of green finance (β = 11.16, p < 0.05 in fixed effects). However, the ESG effects seem to indicate cross-sectional selection rather than improvements within firms. Mediation analysis indicates that green finance and ESG collectively account for approximately 18% of AI’s overall association (5.9% and 12.0%, respectively), with the remaining 82% functioning through direct operational channels. The 2012 Green Credit Guidelines are associated with a relative decrease in measured productivity among polluting industries (DiD: −16.48, p < 0.01), aligning with the policy’s restrictions on ‘Two-High’ sectors. Heterogeneity analysis shows that small firms benefit disproportionately from AI adoption (β = 0.131 compared to β = 0.112 for larger firms), challenging traditional beliefs regarding the technology-adoption benefits of large organizations. Key limitations include potential endogeneity, dependence on text-based and rating-based proxies, and the focus on a single-country context and this is why the future studies should consider employing instrumental-variable approaches, alternative metrics, and cross-country analyses. This study enhances the understanding of sustainable transformation as a synergistic process that integrates technological, financial, and governance aspects.
The purpose of this research was to examine the correlation between the fluctuations in share prices following the release of independent auditor reports for companies listed on the Zagreb Stock Exchange during the period from 2016 to 2018, and the audit adjustments made to the financial results in their unaudited financial statements. The research hypotheses were evaluated using the regression coefficients derived from panel regression models that were estimated with a random effects estimator. The results of the research indicated a statistically significant positive correlation between the relative change in share price after the disclosure of independent auditor reports and the absolute earnings audit adjustments. In addition, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the relative change in share price after the disclosure of independent auditor reports and the absolute upward earnings audit adjustments. However, no statistical significance was found between the relative change in share price after the disclosure of independent auditor reports and the absolute downward earnings audit adjustments. The lack of a significant correlation between downward earnings audit adjustments and share prices post-disclosure of an independent auditor’s report has raised further questions, thereby creating a new direction for future research. The study’s limitations include a relatively small sample size and the possible presence of omitted variable bias.
As a result of the rapid growth of peer-to-peer (P2P) as an innovative business model in the hospitality industry and the need for world heritage sites (WHS) protection from over-tourism development, investigating the service quality of P2P accommodation in WHS is of paramount importance. The main purpose of this paper was to identify which service dimensions in P2P accommodation in WHS have been evaluated by guests as of the highest quality. To achieve the main purpose of this paper, empirical research was conducted using a convenience sample of 352 tourists who had used P2P accommodation in the Dubrovnik WHS between April and October 2022 and between May and October 2023. Based on empirical research using the SERVQUAL model, tourists had the lowest expectations for hosts' empathy and responsiveness, compared with tangible elements in accommodation units, which they expected the most. The results indicated that, in WHS, the most prominent dimension of P2P accommodation units, based on perceptions, is responsiveness. Additionally, tourists who stayed in P2P accommodations in the Dubrovnik WHS rated empathy and responsiveness as the two highest-rated quality dimensions. In addition to its theoretical contribution, the findings of this paper could serve as guidelines for categorizing P2P accommodation in WHSs and as indicators for hosts in WHSs of what needs to be upgraded and improved. The results could also help urban planners and P2P promoters in WHS assess the degree of reality or exaggeration in P2P. Given the limitations of this paper and considering the research area and sample, future research should examine more WHSs and conduct comparative analyses of P2P accommodation quality outside WHSs.
This study aims to present the structural dynamics and the contribution of the services sector to the Dutch economy, as one of the European Union countries that serves as a leading model for service-based economies. A descriptive-analytical approach was used to analyse official Eurostat statistics on the services sector for the period 2010-2020, while trade in services data extend to 2024. Results reveal that the services sector plays a pivotal role within the Dutch economy, contributing significantly to value creation, profitability, and foreign trade, including exports and imports. Despite its flexibility and diversity, the services sector remains vulnerable to global fluctuations, emphasizing the need for strategic investment and policy support to maintain competitiveness and long-term growth. This study is limited by the absence of 2017 data for the services sector, and the small sample size used in the regression models. The contribution of this study lies in providing a uantitative analysis that complements previous qualitative studies and sheds light on its role in the Dutch economy and international trade. More comprehensive future research, in terms of both data and period, could be recommended, including a study of the impact of global factors on the service sector in the Netherlands, or a comparison with specific countries.
The purposes of the research were to determine the expected benefits of the designation of the Biokovo-Imotski Lakes Geopark (BILUGGp) as a UNESCO Global Geopark for tourism development in the Imotski Region, and the expected benefits of partnership programmes with the Geopark. The paper also reviews of examples of good practices from selected UNESCO Global Geoparks, highlighting projects and activities that could be adapted to support BILUGGp. Empirical research using the e-Delphi technique was employed to investigate the mentioned topic, in conjunction with online research regarding UNESCO Global Geoparks, pertinent documents, as well as scientific and professional literature. Data: The internet survey covered 213 UNESCO Global Geoparks, i.e., their websites, located in 48 countries, and 27 panellists ultimately participated in the e-Delphi survey. Results show the expected benefits of this designation for the tourism development of the Imotski Region include a substantial increase in the destination’s visibility (37%), the promotion of new tourist facilities (33%), and the establishment of conditions favorable for geotourism development (32%). 2) The expected benefits arising from partnership programs with the Geopark are evident in collaboration with other Geoparks on particular projects (such as Geofood) (37%), enhanced overall promotion (30%), and greater visibility for stakeholders (26%). The designation of Geopark offers numerous benefits and opportunities for growth across the entire region, which encompasses Imotski, Biokovo, Zabiokovlje, and the Makarska Riviera. It promotes the development of tourism, enhances geotourism and destination branding, encourages collaboration with other Geoparks, and supports the development of agriculture, hospitality, trade, and services. Furthermore, it stimulates the revitalization of traditional crafts and customs, establishes a variety of partner programs, advocates for the sustainable management of both natural and cultural heritage, and contributes positively to the well-being of the local community.
Organizational climate (OC) impacts and shapes employees’ performance, motivation, and job satisfaction (JS). This satisfaction stems from specific elements that affect the quality of an individual’s work life. The connection between OC and JS is intricate as it relates to every employee’s experience and its understanding. Numerous scientific studies indicate that the leadership style of managers plays a key role in creating JS. This paper examines the ways in which various dimensions of organizational culture (OC) relate to employee job satisfaction (JS) in Croatian companies, based on the primary hypothesis and five supplementary hypotheses. The initial section of the questionnaire pertains to a series of statements connected to the OC. Satisfaction served as a dependent variable, whereas the independent variables represented the five dimensions of the OC: “internal communication,” “enterprise structure,” “enterprise policy,” “employee’s advancement opportunities,” and “regard for employees’ personal interests”. An empirical study was carried out on a random selection of 100 employees from medium and large companies. The findings indicate that the relationship between OC and JS is mainly reflected in the “internal communication” aspect. Thus, enhancing “internal communication” is significantly linked to boosting employee JS in the chosen companies. No meaningful correlation was observed in the other four dimensions. The respondents highly rated their JS and the influence of their superior leaders on the chosen five dimensions. Due to the lack of sufficient empirical studies of this nature in Croatia and the surrounding region, the value of this work lies in its findings that are beneficial both to researchers and professionals. They can improve the design and execution of difficult changes to ensure a positive OC and JS. A relatively small size of the respondent sample and the demographic imbalance further restricted the general validity of the conclusions. In upcoming studies, the authors may explore additional statistical tests and further examine the connections between various forms of OC and specific industries and business operations.
The study examines the comparative performance of human- and AI-generated content on Instagram, evaluating both engagement metrics and consumer preferences. The aim is to identify whether AI can match or exceed human content creation in terms of reach, interaction, and perceived quality. A within-subjects field experiment was conducted on an existing Instagram account with 770 followers. Twenty-four single-image culinary posts (12 human-created, 12 AI-generated) were published in alternating order. Engagement data were collected via Instagram Insights and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Two Instagram Story surveys were conducted to identify which post elements (image, caption, recipe) most influenced engagement. Results showed that AI generated content has the potential to generate similar outcomes in terms of likes, comments, shares, saves, reach, impressions, engagement rate, or engagement score. Human content generated more comments and hashtag impressions, while AI content achieved greater profile visits and higher reach among non-followers. Survey findings indicated that visuals were the most important driver of engagement (64%), followed by recipe/information (26%) and captions (10%). Consumers preferred human visuals and recipes, but AI captions were more appealing. These results suggest complementary strengths, with implications for hybrid content strategies. The study was limited to a single Instagram account in the culinary niche, using static image posts. Results may not be generalized to other industries, platforms, or content formats. Potential platform effects, such as shadow banning, and limitations of the AI tool in generating certain dishes may also have influenced outcomes. Future research should test across industries, platforms, and content formats to explore long-term impacts of AI in content creation.
Raznolikost i inkluzija sve se češće uvrštavaju u organizacijske strategije, osobito u područjima održivog razvoja, društvene odgovornosti i upravljanja ljudskim potencijalima. Ipak, iako su ovi pojmovi sve prisutniji u javnom diskursu, još uvijek nije dovoljno razjašnjeno kako ih organizacije zapravo definiraju i predstavljaju u svojim službenim dokumentima. U radu se polazi od pretpostavke da takve definicije nisu vrijednosno neutralne, nego aktivno sudjeluju u oblikovanju organizacijskog identiteta i kolektivnih stavova prema društvenim pitanjima. Teorijski pristup temelji se na razumijevanju jezika kao sredstva oblikovanja stvarnosti, uzimajući u obzir institucionalne, normativne i strateške aspekte raznolikosti i inkluzije. Cilj rada je istražiti kako organizacijske definicije raznolikosti i inkluzije odražavaju različite društvene, etičke i menadžerske orijentacije te ponuditi analitički okvir za njihovu klasifikaciju i tumačenje. Istraživanje je vođeno interpretativnim epistemološkim pristupom, s naglaskom na razumijevanje načina na koji organizacije konstruiraju značenja raznolikosti i inkluzije kroz jezik. Tematska analiza provedena je u skladu s konstruktivističkim pristupom koji priznaje višestrukost značenja u organizacijskom diskursu. Analizom organizacijskih dokumenata prepoznate su četiri funkcionalne skupine definicija: motivacijsko-vrijednosne, normativne, operativne i deklarativne. Svaka od njih upućuje na različite pristupe i razine angažmana u području raznolikosti i inkluzije. Predložena tipologija pruža okvir za dublje razumijevanje organizacijskog govora o raznolikosti te predstavlja koristan alat za analizu i procjenu inkluzivnih politika u praksi.
This paper investigates the influence of the emotional tone in expert commentary on inflation forecasts while keeping the informational content constant. Utilizing concepts from behavioural economics and cognitive psychology-specifically framing, anchoring, and the positive-negative asymmetry, the research presents the “inverse effect”, namely a counterintuitive pattern that increases inflation forecasts with reassuring commentary, whereas alarmist commentary decreases them. A between-subjects experiment was carried out involving 254 Polish university students chosen for their limited economic knowledge. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either positively or negatively toned commentary that was informationally equivalent, and they provided forecasts before and after the intervention. The data were analysed using nonparametric tests (Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon), with effect sizes reported. The results indicate that emotional framing has a significant effect on expectations. The negative tone had a more pronounced effect than the positive tone, aligning with the concept of affective asymmetry; however, the direction of the change was contrary to the initial hypotheses, thereby demonstrating the inverse effect. These results enhance the understanding of how economic communication can shape public perception without the introduction of new information, carrying implications for central banks, policymakers, and the media. Limitations of the study include the non-representative nature of the student sample, the laboratory setting, and the restricted measurement of individual differences. Future research should explore field settings, more diverse populations, and model-based methodologies to examine boundary conditions and confirm the inverse effect across different formats.
Rad istražuje učinke nelinearne fiskalne reakcije na fiskalnu održivost Hrvatske u uvjetima promjenjivih režima fiskalne politike. Nalazi istraživanja tako su potvrdili nelinearnu vezu između primarnog fiskalnog salda i javnog duga u osnovnom modelu, dok u proširenim modelima ta veza uglavnom prelazi u linearni odnos, ovisno o promatranom skupu varijabli. Time se potvrđuje da, unatoč prevladavajućoj linearnoj prirodi fiskalne politike, fiskalne reakcije kreatora politike nisu nužno homogene jer se njihovi impulsi mogu znatno mijenjati ovisno o pragovima javnog duga. Dodatno, nalazi potvrđuju recesivnu i regresivnu prirodu indirektnih poreznih prihoda te progresivnu prirodu direktnih poreznih prihoda. Jaz BDP-a i direktni porezni prihodi djeluju kao korektivni stabilizatori, pokazujući manju cikličnost i značajan doprinos u poboljšanju ukupne fiskalne pozicije države tijekom ciklusa ekspanzije. Markovljevi modeli i test robusnosti jasno ukazuju da Hrvatska dominantno provodi restriktivnu i procikličnu fiskalnu politiku, ali i da je provedba takve politike u fazi recesije i konsolidacije dodatno produbila recesiju.
Primjena umjetne inteligencije u financijskim analizama dovodi do razvoja naprednih višeagentnih sustava koji omogućavaju učinkovitiju analizu i donošenje odluka od dosadašnjih metoda. Ovaj rad predstavlja razvoj i implementaciju višeagentnog sustava umjetne inteligencije za generiranje financijskih trgovačkih preporuka koji integrira specijalizirane agente za prikupljanje podataka, tehničku analizu, obradu vijesti i upravljanje portfeljem. Sustav kombinira kvantitativnu analizu zasnovanu na tehničkim indikatorima s kvalitativnim uvidima iz financijskih vijesti kroz tehnike obrade prirodnog jezika, poput inženjeringa upita i generiranja pomoću pretraživanja. Arhitektura ovog sustava omogućava samostalno djelovanje četiri specijalizirana agenta koji doprinose generiranju trgovačkih preporuka. Evaluacija provedena na pet reprezentativnih dionica tehnoloških kompanija tijekom šestomjesečnog perioda 2025. godine pokazuje značajno poboljšanje u upravljanju rizikom u odnosu na referentnu strategiju „kupi i drži“. Rezultati prikazuju značajno smanjenje volatilnosti i maksimalnog pada kod većine analiziranih dionica, posebno kod visoko volatilnih dionica poput Tesle gdje sustav održava maksimalni pad na 7.72% u odnosu na 47.84% referentne strategije. Sustav prilagođava trgovačke preporuke različitim tržišnim uvjetima i specifičnostima svake dionice, čime održava stabilnost portfelja u periodima kada su tržišta nestabilna. Analiza financijskih vijesti pomoću NLP-a omogućava sustavu da prepozna je li vijest pozitivna ili negativna, koliko je važna za dionicu i kako bi mogla utjecati na njezinu cijenu. Unatoč identificiranim ograničenjima u vidu opreznijeg pristupa tijekom snažnih uzlaznih trendova, modularnost ove arhitekture omogućava kontinuirani razvoj i optimizaciju pojedinih komponenti. Istraživanje potvrđuje vrijednost višeagentnih pristupa u integraciji različitih izvora podataka za poboljšanje procesa donošenja trgovačkih odluka.
Narodne predaje mogu biti jedan od ključnih čimbenika za kulturno stvaralaštvo, identitetski razvoj i održivi turizam. Ovaj rad pridonosi dubljem razumijevanju narodnih predaja u ulozi izgradnje kulturnog identiteta te podsjeća na njihovu važnost kao mogući temelj nematerijalne kulturne baštine i sredstava koje mogu povezati prošlost s budućnošću. Predmet istraživanja je uloga i značaj dalmatinskih narodnih predaja kao oblika nematerijalne kulturne baštine. Analizom nematerijalne baštine, čimbenike narodnih predaja, njihove važnosti, simbolike te procesa prenošenja unutar zajednice, istaknuta je važnost narodnih predaja kao jednog od ključnih čimbenika očuvanja kulturnog identiteta zajednice. Naglasak je na ulozi narodnih predaja u suvremenom društvu kao i na njihove izazove, zaštitu i reinterpretaciju u kontekstu turizma. Rad se temelji na metodi ispitivanja rezidenata destinacija anketnim online upitnikom provedenim u svibnju 2025. godine. Rezultati potvrđuju povezanost lokalnog stanovništva i usmene tradicije s naglaskom na pripovijedanje narodnih predaja. Primijećeno je kako većina ispitanika smatra da bi narodne predaje trebale imati važniju ulogu u obrazovanju i kulturnim programima. Ujedno, prepoznata je uloga turističkih zajednica u kontekstu prepoznavanja tradicionalnih aktera i čimbenika značajnih za očuvanje narodne predaje. Rezultati upućuju na to da su predaje još uvijek zastupljene u kolektivnoj svijesti zajednice. Identificirana je potreba za višeslojnim pristupom u valorizaciji narodnih predaja obrazovanjem, uloge državnih i lokalnih samouprava, medija i kulturnih institucija te uključivanja lokalne zajednice u proces prenošenja narodnih predaja mlađim generacijama. Također, važno je praćenje stavova zajednice longitudinalnim studijama radi unaprjeđenja turističke ponude putem diversifikacije turističkog proizvoda i razvoja cjelogodišnjeg turizma. Ograničenja istraživanja su u nedostatku šireg obuhvata usmenih predaja regija koje mogu biti predmet interesa budućih istraživača ove problematike.
Zaštićena područja važna su komponenta turističkog proizvoda pa se putem turizma može promatrati ekonomska uloga zaštićenih područja. No kako su nacionalni parkovi izvorni dijelovi prirode, gospodarska uporaba njihovih resursa je zabranjena. Stoga je svrha ovoga rada analizom turističkog značaja usluga ekosustava nacionalnih parkova Hrvatske sagledati i razumjeti opravdanost toga oblika zaštite prirodnih vrijednosti. Cilj rada je pokazati ekonomsku ulogu usluga ekosustava zaštićenih područja na primjeru turističkih aktivnosti. Polazeći od definicije javnih dobara i ekosustavnog pristupa uspoređuju se usluge ekosustava koje nudi turizam u nacionalnim parkovima Hrvatske. Za potrebe rada analiziraju se i uspoređuju sekundarni podaci dostupni u planovima upravljanja odabranih zaštićenih područja o uslugama ekosustava povezanih s turizmom. CICES klasifikacijom identificiraju se i uspoređuju navedene usluge koje se zatim sagledavaju u odnosu na vrstu dobra s aspekta suparništva i isključivosti, što pridonosi razumijevanju problema upravljanja takvim dobrima. Utvrđeno je osam razreda kulturnih usluga koji se mogu povezati s aktivnostima turista u razmatranim nacionalnim parkovima poput rekreativnih aktivnosti, uživanja u krajobrazu, rezonancije s kulturnim nasljeđem područja, kao i dodatni razredi poput korištenja slikovnih materijala, kontrola erozije i zaštite od vjetra. Rezultati analize suparništva i isključivosti identificiranih usluga ekosustava upućuju na važnost upravljanja turizmom u promatranim nacionalnim parkovima.
In the school context, organizational commitment greatly affects the quality of teaching, interaction between teachers and students, and overall academic progress. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the effect of compensation and work environment on organizational commitment mediated by job satisfaction in high schools in north Indonesia. This research uses quantitative methods and is analyzed using structural equation modelling partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The number of respondents in this study was 58 respondents because the target of this study was non-permanent teachers. The results of this study indicate that compensation has a positive insignificant effect on organizational commitment, compensation has a positive significant effect on job satisfaction, (3) work environment has a negative insignificant effect on organizational commitment, work environment has a positive insignificant effect on job satisfaction, job satisfaction has a significant positive effect on organizational commitment, job satisfaction mediates the relationship between compensation and organizational commitment, job satisfaction does not mediate the relationship between work environment and organizational commitment. Furthermore, future research can also conduct a comparative study with permanent teachers to ascertain the established or otherwise relationship of the research constructs.
This study examines the scientific productivity of Croatia within the context of the EU27 countries between 2016 and 2020, utilising data from the Web of Science (InCities Clarivate Analytics). The purpose is to evaluate Croatia's performance relative to other EU nations and propose strategies for improvement. A quantitative methodology was used, analysing publication and citation data with descriptive statistics and comparative analyses. The results indicate Croatia ranks 19th among EU27 countries, with notable contributions from institutions like the University of Split and the University of Zagreb. However, limited investment in research and development, weak international collaboration, and insufficient links between academia and industry hinder progress. The study also identifies disparities in productivity among Croatian universities. Limitations include incomplete institutional data in the Web of Science database and potential biases in author and institutional affiliations. Recommendations include increased R&D funding, improving public-private partnerships, and highlighting European funding programs like Horizon Europe. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term impacts of these strategies and explore the role of emerging technologies in fostering the research output. The findings contribute to understanding the factors shaping Croatia's scientific productivity and offer a framework for aligning national research priorities with global standards to enhance competitiveness within the European research community.
