Esthetic rehabilitation utilizes advanced materials and technology to address the needs of patients with significant esthetic concerns, adhering to a conservative approach through the application of direct composites. This methodology is designed to ensure minimal discomfort and maximum safety during treatment. Direct composite veneers represent a conservative strategy for the correction of esthetic profiles. This case report details the esthetic enhancement of a midline diastema accompanied by peg-shaped lateral incisors, with a follow-up period of 6 months. In summary, for patients expressing concern regarding the esthetic appearance of their anterior teeth, direct composite veneers present a viable and effective treatment option.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione reductase (GR) are recognized as primary enzymatic antioxidants. These antioxidants may be produced by tumor cells or generated in response to biological reactions associated with tumor growth. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) combined with inadequate elimination can lead to a significant deficiency in antioxidant levels, resulting in an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidant defense systems. This imbalance contributes to oxidative stress (OS), which in turn can cause irreparable damage to cells and tissues, playing a critical role in the initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. This study investigated the serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in healthy individuals, patients with oral precancerous lesions, and cancer patients in order to identify potential biomarkers. The present study included 150 blood samples collected from 150 participants, of both genders, aged between 18 and 80 years. The subjects were classified into three distinct groups: Group A (control), Group B (precancerous), and Group C (cancerous). The findings indicated that participants in the oral cancer group exhibited a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.001) in the mean levels of SOD and GPx when compared to the control group, with the cancerous group demonstrating the lowest levels among all study groups. This observed imbalance in the antioxidant enzyme status may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of cancer and has the potential to serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for mitigating malignant transformation in oral premalignant lesions and conditions.
As a periodontal surgeon and general dentist affiliated with an academic institution, we have recently observed trauma patients exhibiting bruised lips. The origins of the procedures now identified within the realm of modern periodontal plastic surgery trace back thousands of years; however, these techniques have only recently been classified under the designation “periodontal plastic” surgery. As the field undergoes further advancements, the general perception of the term “plastics” is expected to evolve, potentially leading to the integration of the term “reconstruction” into the specialty’s nomenclature in the near future.
Background: Epidemiological studies serve to generate knowledge of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency. To be able to find effective tools for prevention and health promotion, we have to know the causation that preceded the disease onset. Aim: To assess the periodontal status, prevalence of oral mucosal lesions, and oral habits among seafood industry employees in Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 162 participants aged between 18 and 60 years of age, using WHO oral health questionnaire for adults (2013) and the oral health assessment form for adults (2013), which recorded demographic details, routine oral hygiene habits, adverse oral habits, community periodontal index, and oral mucosal lesions. Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze frequency and percentage distribution of study variables. Results: The majority of the subjects used a toothbrush (98.1%) and toothpaste (97.5%) to clean their teeth. Smoking and tobacco chewing habits were recorded among 41 (25.3%) and 21 (12.9%) subjects, respectively. The prevalence of periodontal disease was 79.6% among the study population. About four (2.4%) subjects had leukoplakia, five (3.1%) subjects had ulcerations, and three (1.8%) subjects had smoker’s palate. Conclusion: The findings of this study provided an insight into the periodontal health status, oral habits, and the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions of seafood industry employees in Visakhapatnam, which may be useful in designing and planning oral health promotion programs.
Background: Numerous prognostic biological markers linked to survival have been identified over the years; however, only few have undergone rigorous evaluation for their diagnostic accuracy. Molecular laboratory techniques like microarrays, microsatellites, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have created new opportunities for diagnosing diseases, identifying chromosomal aberrations, and detecting point mutations for medical verification. The deviation of CCND1-cyclinD1 loci on chromosome 11Q13 is identified as a genetic marker for esophageal, breast, colon, rectal, and ovarian cancers. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 microsatellite markers located on 11q13 were analyzed in 150 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), who were treated with cisplatin and capecitabine. The study aimed at early detection, clinical validation, and the establishment of genetic markers. We collected 150 primary tumor tissues and corresponding blood samples from patients visiting King George’s Medical University in Lucknow between 2010 and 2016. Tissue samples were obtained either at the time of investigational biopsy or during the surgical resection of the lesions. Results: The overall incidence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH)/microsatellite instability (MSI) was 60%±20.84, with the frequency of LOH and MSI of individual markers ranging from 9% to 95%. LOH/MSI was relatively more frequently detected at five loci, namely, FGF4 (65.33%/11%), FGF3 (77.33%/13.23%), INT2 (64%/12.8%), CCND1 (88%/ 15.13%), and D11S2179 (61.33%/12.66%). Conclusion: This report presents the initial findings suggesting a potential association between allelic loss at the CCND1 locus on chromosome 11q13 and the recurrence of OSCC in Indian patients treated with cisplatin and capecitabine. Further research in this area may provide valuable insights.
Recent advancements in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery have been fuelled by a remarkable wave of innovation and collaboration among a diverse group of surgeons, researchers, and academicians. This dynamic partnership has ushered in a transformative era, radically enhancing various surgical practices, and influencing the trajectory of this specialized branch of medicine. The development and refinement of cutting-edge surgical techniques have opened new frontiers in the realm of complex procedures.
The term “hemisection” refers to the surgical procedure involving the sectioning of a molar tooth. This procedure entails the removal of a decayed root that may exhibit complications such as cracked roots, dental caries, or periodontal involvement in the furcation area. The primary objective of hemisection is to effectively preserve a healthy root while maintaining the integrity of the attached crown, ensuring optimal dental health and function. It is a conservative procedure to save the original tooth structure, which can act as a natural implant. The results of this procedure are predictable, and success rates are high. In this case report, hemisection was performed because the distal half of the tooth was grossly carious, and furcation was involved. The distal half of the tooth was extracted, and the remaining mesial half of the tooth was used as an abutment for the fixed partial denture. This treatment represents a conservative approach that aims to preserve as much natural tooth structure as possible. The outcomes are predictable, and the success rates in such cases are high. This case report discusses two instances of mandibular molars on which hemisection was performed, followed by restoration using fixed prostheses.
Angle grinders are undeniably one of the most perilous tools utilized in industry and agriculture, with over 5000 injuries documented, and they can even be fatal if major blood vessels in the neck are ruptured and neurological damage occurs. Angle grinders can cause severe injuries to the head, neck, and face because their high-speed discs do not respect the body's natural boundaries or structures. These injuries can be disfiguring, permanently disabling, or even fatal. To attain aesthetically pleasing outcomes, it is imperative to thoroughly cleanse the wound, excise any damaged tissue, and meticulously close the wound in layers. The article presents a case of a penetrating injury caused by using an angle grinder and discusses effective management and prevention of such injuries.
Background: Maxillary superior repositioning is widely regarded as the most stable procedure in orthognathic surgery, requiring minimal instruments for stabilization. Rigid fixation is considered the ideal method for long-term stability, leading to improved anatomic structures, enhanced recovery of bite forces, and better bite function. Objective: To compare the skeletal stability following Le Fort I and anterior maxillary osteotomy with wire osteosynthesis and rigid fixation. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 patients, including one male and 15 females, underwent Le Fort I and anterior segmental maxillary osteotomy along with fixation using either wire osteosynthesis or rigid fixation for correction of vertical and anteroposterior maxillary excess. Patients were assessed at preoperative, 1-week postoperative, and 6-month postoperative stages using a lateral cephalogram to evaluate skeletal stability. Results: The wire osteosynthesis group showed significant differences in posterior maxillary vertical measurements compared to the rigid fixation group. However, there was no significant difference in anterior vertical and anteroposterior skeletal measurements between the two groups. Conclusion: Wire osteosynthesis is a stable form of fixation for superior repositioning with segmentation of the maxilla for correction of vertical and antero-posterior excess.
Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect and safety including postoperative outcomes in the extraction of impacted mandibular third molar by conventional bur technique and lingual split technique. Methods, Selection Criteria, and Search Strategy: A total of 40 healthy individuals, both male and female, aged from 18 to 40 years, underwent surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars under local anesthesia in a single session. An intensive electronic search was conducted on Google, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Directory of Open Access Journals, Ovid Medline, and Cochrane Central online databases from their respective inception dates to November 2020. Initially, the search criteria included the terms: ((mandibular OR lower) AND (third molar OR wisdom) AND lingual split). The following outcomes were investigated: pain, swelling, trismus, and dry socket on the first day before surgery, the second (post 24 h), and on the seventh day. Results and Observations: The present retrospective comparative study evaluates the postoperative complications after the removal of the third molar. A total of 40 subjects of either sex were randomized to be treated either with the conventional bur technique (Group A) or the lingual split technique (Group B). The ages of Groups A and B ranged from 19 to 40 years and from 19 to 42 years, respectively, with a mean ± SD of 26.20 ± 6.01 and 27.15 ± 6.21 years, respectively. The mean age of Group B was slightly higher than Group A. Comparing the mean age of the two groups, t-test revealed similar (P > 0.05) age between the two groups (26.20 ± 6.01 vs. 27.15 ± 6.21, t = 0.49; P = 0.626). The subjects in both groups were age-matched, suggesting that age may have had minimal influence on the outcome measures (swelling, trismus, and pain). Conclusion: In the realm of mandibular third molar (M3) extraction, it is acknowledged that this surgical procedure can present challenges, and there exists a diversity of professional approaches between dentists and oral surgeons. Prior to determining a treatment course for each M3, it is imperative to possess a comprehensive understanding of the pertinent anatomical structures, including the inferior dental and lingual nerves. Additionally, a thorough clinical assessment and the utilization of radiographic imaging are essential for carefully evaluating each case and balancing the advantages and disadvantages of various treatment plans. Timely removal of the third molar (tooth M3) can significantly reduce the adverse complications associated with delayed extraction.
ABSTRACT Background: Successful denture fitting depends on three key factors: retention, stability, and support. While creating a denture for the upper jaw is relatively easy, the lower jaw presents more challenges due to greater issues with retention and stability. This is because dentures tend to move around relative to the underlying bone during use. To address this problem, a customized tool (an impression and cast) was used in a study to measure the depth of the retromylohyoid fossa. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the type of tongue and depth of the retromylohyoid fossa using an impression and cast. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the department of prosthodontics, where all patients received regular check-ups and dental treatments. The retromylohyoid fossa(extension) and tongue were examined in a sample of 500 patients aged between 20 and 50 years, and impressions were taken. Results: The measurements were recorded, and the depth of the retromylohyoid fossa was assessed. The tongue was also studied. Conclusion: This retromylohyoid fossa and tongue are a suspense itself, and our method is just a suggestion for the mandibular denture prosthesis success.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Managing and treating severely resorbed ridges is a challenge for the dentist. Especially, in older geriatric patients who have this problem. Till now, the classification by Neil is well accepted by all for the distolingual vestibule region and lingual area. Materials and Methods: We studied 500 patients with the presence of mandibular second molar teeth aged 20–50 years. The mirror method and a special instrument were used to view the section of the distolingual aspect present in the lingual area as well as the oral cavity. Results: The records were seen and studied well for the class and lingual region present. Conclusion: The distolingual alveolar sulcus and lingual region in the mandible are a guide for the tray to be used. We recorded this region in the patients by our technique.
ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Dermatoglyphics is the study of fingerprints and skin patterns. During the intrauterine period, the development of dermatoglyphic patterns and dental hard tissues occurs at the same time. Dermatoglyphics has proved to be a potential tool in predicting dental anomalies. Hence, with the help of dermatoglyphics, we can explore the association between various dermatoglyphic patterns and types of malocclusion. Methods: A case–control study consisting of 150 children aged 12–14 years was selected. Based on the type of occlusion, the participants were grouped into skeletal class I normal occlusion (controls), skeletal class II malocclusion, and skeletal class III malocclusion. The fingerprints were analyzed using the ink method. The molar relation was determined according to Angle’s classification of malocclusion. The relation of fingerprints was studied with the molar relation recorded using the study models. Dermatoglyphic parameters were examined in these subjects. Results: In the study, it was observed that there was a notable increase in the occurrence of whorl pattern among patients with skeletal class II malocclusion (55%) and skeletal class III malocclusion (55.8%). On the other hand, in the skeletal class I group (controls), the frequency of loop pattern (66.6%) was found to be significantly higher. It was also noted that there was a slight decrease in the frequency of whorl patterns in skeletal class II patients as compared to skeletal class III patients. Conclusion: The whorl fingerprint pattern found in the study may indicate a higher likelihood of skeletal class II and III malocclusion in the general population.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Anesthesiologists frequently work with the oral cavity, but may lack in-depth knowledge of oral health, including anatomy, symptoms, and dental prostheses. Materials and Methods: An oral health questionnaire was developed for preanesthesia checkups to facilitate the process. A prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 18 months, which included 200 patients of different genders, aged 10 years or older, and with a physical status ranging from ASA 1 to ASA 3, who were scheduled for elective surgery. The data was collected, compiled, and analyzed using Epi Info (version 7.2). Results: The study included subjects with a mean age of 41.65 ± 11.85 years, with most falling in the age range of 40-50 years. Of all the participants, around 58% were male. The study discovered a significant relationship between addiction habits and oral health problems such as bad breath, missing teeth, gum bleeding or pain on chewing, and loose teeth. It was found that those who used pan and tobacco had visited a dentist the most. Additionally, the use of certain drugs was associated with gum bleeding, pain on chewing, and loose teeth. Patients with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancer, and liver diseases also reported poor oral health. Conclusion: The study revealed that the Indian population tends to visit dentists only when experiencing pain or seeking treatment rather than for preventive care.
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome or snoring is a life-threatening disorder affecting patients and its associated dental problems. The disease is associated with dynamic collapse of the upper airway involving several underlying factors such as decrease in oxygen saturation, loud disruptive snoring, abrupt awakening, insomnia, and excessive daytime sleepiness. It is essential to take proper steps in time for the diagnosis of this common-seeming disease. Furthermore, dentists themselves should be aware of this disorder, only then they can provide necessary treatment to the needy patients. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of OSA and the awareness of OSA-related oral diseases by a self-administered questionnaire among its patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 individuals were screened through a cross-sectional single-center analytical study to assess the presence of comorbidities and other dental diseases in each individual attending a dental outpatient department over the age of 20 years with complaints of nocturnal snoring. Results: The present authors observed that the prevalence of OSA increases with increasing age and obesity, and in some senior groups it is as high as 43.80% in men (37%–90% in previous published epidemiological studies) and 41.20% in women (in previous published epidemiological studies 50%–78%) in this epidemiological survey. High blood pressure, stress, poor oral hygiene, smoking and alcohol consumption have also been suggested as risk factors, but results are conflicting. Conclusion: The dentist must have the proper knowledge, management, and ability to treat patients at risk of OSA. Therefore starting with a dedicated section of the sleep questionnaire asking questions for sleep disorders, questionnaires for early diagnosis (such as the STOP-BANG questionnaire), a multidisciplinary approach, and pneumological examination can support this. Furthermore, the medical factors have to be addressed well to obtain successful treatment. These results may be related to a relationship between several dental diseases/factors (periodontitis, gingivitis, and hypertension) associated with mild OSA. Its difficult diagnosis, and the absence of a dedicated section on sleep disorders in the medical/dental record, can make its treatment more difficult.
Oral mucosal cancer is the 10th most common malignant neoplasm with a high mortality rate, delayed clinical retention, and poor prognosis. Oral cancer is a malignant neoplasm that ranks among the top ten in terms of occurrence and remains a major public health concern despite breakthroughs in research and treatment. However, it is still minimally determined in the published literature due to an underestimation of its recurrence risk in oral cancer survivors by oral cancer researchers. Patients with oral or throat cancer reported higher psychosocial problems than patients with other cancer types, such as depression, anxiety, social isolation, and issues with their jobs and relationships. Strong evidence links certain lifestyle choices to oral cancer, including excessive tobacco use, compulsive smoking, chewing betel nuts, drinking alcohol, experiencing stress or anxiety, and eating few fruits and vegetables (unhealthy lifestyles include eating lots of fat and/or sugar, which leads to eating fewer fruits and/or vegetables).[1] Tobacco usage (smoking and/or chewing) is responsible for 25% of oral cancers worldwide, alcohol intake is responsible for 7%–19%, micronutrient deficiencies are responsible for 10%–15%, and excessive chewing is responsible for more than 50%. To chew betel nut in locations where multiple exposures increase carcinogenicity, which is dose dependent. Low and single exposures, on the other hand, do not significantly raise the risk of mouth cancer. The role of family members who step up to care for their loved ones is crucial because a person with advanced oral cancer is frail and unable to care for himself. Although frequently so rapid, the change from a close relative to a caretaker leaves them unprepared or unable to accept it. A patient with an incurable condition such as oral and throat cancer degenerates not only physically but also psychologically and socially. Chemotherapy, reconstructive surgery, and other treatments are required for the majority of oral and throat cancer patients, which interferes with daily activities, including eating, keeping up personal cleanliness, taking medications on time, maintaining social interactions, and many more. Strategies for providing basic care training to primary caregivers of cancer patients, including oral cancer, must be implemented. Training should also entail delivering cancer knowledge and identifying the negative effects of cancer treatment. This editorial post highlights how advanced cancer patients suffer many challenges, such as financial insecurity, despair, family grief, suicidal thoughts, wrath, and stress. When dealing with communities as opposed to disease, health experts urge for the use of a holistic approach.[2]
