Chemistry is an experimental science in the service of humanity. It is at the interface of several disciplines (Biology, Parachemistry, Health, Materials, Pharmacy, Environment, Electronics, Agronomy, etc.). The purpose of this event is to bring together experts in the various fields of chemistry and post-graduate students for the presentation of their research, exchange their experiences and make an inventory of research on the main branches of the chemistry and the difficulties faced by researchers since the creation of chemistry research laboratories in Algeria. Scopes of the scientific event: 1- Make a state of the art of chemical sciences/2- Connect together Algerian researchers and develop lasting relationships between the different research laboratories/3- Identify the human potential and scientific equipment of the various research laboratories in the field of chemistry in Algeria. Main Topics are: A- Polymers, Organic and Natural substances/ B- Inorganic materials, Catalysis and Green chemistry/ C- Theoretical chemistry and Physical chemistry
The field of missile guidance and control has undergone significant advancements over the past thirty years, with numerous techniques and methods emerging to achieve high-precision target interception, even in noisy and uncertain environments. Missile guidance systems rely on a range of algorithms and laws, among which the Pure Pursuit (PP), Command to Line of Sight (CLOS), and Proportional Navigation (PN) are the most prominent. All of these approaches are based on establishing a Line of Sight (LOS) between the tracking sensor and the target. In this work, we propose an innovative guidance law based on three-dimensional sliding pursuit, designed to control surface-to-air missiles against manoeuvrings targets. To evaluate the effectiveness and performance of the new algorithm, we compare it with existing guidance laws such as Zero Effort Miss-Distance (ZEM) and D-PP3, with a focus on impact accuracy and time-to-intercept. The results confirm the efficiency of the proposed law and its superiority over current methods.
In this work, a comparative study was carried out between two biological purification processes in a semi-arid climate: activated sludge at the plant of Mascara and aerated lagoon at the plant of Ghriss. This study was based on the analysis of the purification performances obtained through the analyses of raw and purified wastewater samples over a period of 12 months during 2021. Physico-chemical analyses were carried out for the two plants (chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, suspended matter, O2, nitrogenous materials, phosphorus materials, water temperature and pH). The variation of these parameters made it possible to determine the influence of local climatological and hydrogeological data on the purification process by activated sludge and Lagooning. Due to the high reliability of both treatment processes, both purification systems can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative.
Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) play significant role in enabling self-organization, rapid deployment, and ensuring reliable monitoring and control in industrial systems. Despite their advantages, sensor nodes in IWSNs are constrained by limited energy resources, and have minimal processing power, and restricted communication capabilities, making energy efficiency is a critical concern. To solve this problem, we propose a novel approach of Critical Node Detection Problem (CNDP) based on a graph partitioning method in IWSNs. The network is divided into manageable partitions after removing critical nodes, optimizing energy usage, reducing communication overhead, and ensure the network's connectivity and operational reliability across multiple communication rounds. Experiments simulation validates our proposed approach, approving its efficiency in reducing significant energy consumption while preserving connectivity and functionality for industrial systems. Furthermore, the results highlight the potential of using critical node analysis to support sustainable and efficient operations in resource-constrained industrial environments.
This study aims to evaluate the quality of sheep meat marketed in three Algerian regions (Djelfa, Tiaret and Relizane). Samples were taken randomly immediately after slaughter from a leg of lamb of the local breed, aged between six and eight months and of uniform size. The results obtained showed a water deficiency (dehydration of the three meats), a pH ranging between 5.41±0.82 and 5.64±0.2, and a good water retention capacity in the meat from Relizane compared with the meat from Djelfa and Tiaret. The levels of dry matter, minerals, lipids and proteins are fairly similar and in line with the standards set by the official Algerian journal. In the regions of Tiaret and Relizane, the microbiological quality of the meat was satisfying, while that of Djelfa was considered unsatisfactory due to an excessive concentration of faecal coliforms, which exceeded established standards. Based on these findings, we infer that slaughter conditions, handling, preservation methods and production methods (feeding during the dry season) have an impact on the quality of sheep meat.
Performance in IT systems is critical to ensuring that systems meet user needs and expectations. In heterogeneous computing systems (HCS), which consist of processors with varying capabilities, dynamic adaptation plays a vital role in maintaining high performance. Dynamic adaptation enables systems to adjust task allocation and resource usage in real-time to respond to changes in workloads, resource availability, and system conditions. Task scheduling is a key aspect of achieving dynamic adaptation and remains a challenging NP-hard problem in HCS. Efficient scheduling requires optimizing competing objectives, such as minimizing makespan and maximizing processor utilization, to ensure that resources are used effectively. In this work, we propose DYnamic Task Allocation using dynamic programminG (DyTAg), a task scheduling algorithm based on dynamic programming, designed to support dynamic adaptation in HCS. Dynamic programming is particularly suited to this context as it breaks the scheduling problem into smaller, manageable subproblems and solves them incrementally, enabling efficient real-time adjustments. DyTAg leverages dynamic programming to minimize makespan while maximizing resource utilization, ensuring that tasks are allocated optimally even in complex, heterogeneous environments. To evaluate its performance, DyTAg is compared against established algorithms, including Min-Min, Max-Min, and Quality of Service Guided Min-Min, using various task sets and processor configurations. The results demonstrate that DyTAg achieves superior performance, particularly in scenarios involving independent tasks and small task sets, showcasing its potential to enhance dynamic adaptation and optimize performance in heterogeneous computing systems.
Recommendation systems (RS) are now essential in various sectors of daily life, especially in tourism, where they assist tourists in making better choices about which points of interest (POIs) to visit. However, these RSs face a number of challenges, including the risk of a cold start when a new POI is taken into account, and the problem of tourist dissatisfaction with recommended POIs. To address these issues, we focused on Content-Based Recommendation Systems (CBRS) that mitigate the problem of data sparsity and integrate contextual information from tourists during their visits. In this paper, we refined tourist feedbacks using contextual variables like “time” and “companion” during the visit. Next, we implemented a CBRS using the vector representation of POIs with the Term Frequency/Inverse Term Frequency (TF/IDF) method to compute similarity between tourist profiles and POI characteristics. With this type of similarity, our system can run three variants of CBRS in parallel: the first ignores the tourist context, the second incorporates the “temporal context”, and the third takes into account the “companion context”. Finally, to compare these three recommendation variants, we used an online evaluation to calculate the Click Through Rate (CTR) metric. According to our initial experiments, the CBRS with the integration of temporal context outperforms the other two implemented RS.
Cette étude a été menée dans la zone écologique II du Togo, sur les monts Atakora. L'étude a caractérisé la diversité et la structure des peuplements ligneux. Des inventaires forestiers ont été réalisés dans 69 parcelles circulaires de rayon de 20 mètres. Au total, 102 espèces ligneuses ont été identifiées. Elles appartiennent à 77 genres et 32 familles. Les espèces les plus communes sont : Lannea acida (53,62 %), Vitellaria paradoxa (44,94 %), Burkea africana (43,48 %) et Daniellia oliveri (43,48 %). Les Fabaceae (27 espèces) et les Combretaceae (10 espèces) sont les familles les plus représentées. Quatre (4) groupements végétaux ont été distingués. Les densités des peuplements végétaux identifiés correspondent à 360 tiges/ha dans les savanes boisées, 286 tiges/ha dans les forêts claires, 236 tiges/ha dans les savanes arbustives/arborées et 202 tiges/ha dans les forêts riveraines. La structure diamètrique est caractérisée par une forme en « J renversé » indiquant que les individus de petits diamètres sont prédominants. La répartition des tiges par classe de hauteur est en cloche asymétrique positive dans les forêts galeries, les savanes boisées, les savanes arborées/arbustives et les forêts claires. Cela reflète la prédominance des individus de hauteur moyenne. Le sous-bois est abondant dans les forêts galeries et les savanes arbustives/arborées (53,43 % et 56,30 %) et moyen dans les savanes boisées et les forêts claires (32,75 % et 30,89 %). Les taux de régénération étaient élevés dans les forêts galeries (66,24 %), moyenne dans les savanes boisées et les savanes arborées/arbustives (45,34 % et 36,94 %) et faibles dans les forêts claires (22,31 %). Les menaces anthropiques seraient responsables du faible taux de régénération dans les savanes boisées et les forêts claires.
The current study aims to analyze the intake of Helix aspersa by the Algerian population, and also analyzing the biochemical composition of its flesh originating from two Algerian cities (Chlef and Mostaganem). A survey was carried out to collect data regarding snail consumption. To investigate the biochemical composition of Helix aspersa, initially the fleshes and the shells were separated from the viscera and washed many times with water. The amounts of dry matter and minerals in the flesh were assessed using thermogravimetric techniques. The protein content was determined using the Lowry method, whereas sugar was determined using the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The lipid content of snail flesh was determined using the sohxlet method. According to the findings related to the survey on Helix aspersa consumption, 95 out of 133 persons in the western Algeria region eat snails for it special flavor. The study on the biochemical composition of Helix aspersa flesh found 82.35±0.27% and 76.93±0.42% of water from samples collected at Mostaganem and Chlef cities, respectively. Protein levels were 13.47 ± 0.98 and 16.35 ± 0.87% in Mostaganem and Chlef samples, respectively. Similarly, ash’s values of 0.84±0.015 and 0.92±0.04% were reported. Low sugar and fat levels were seen in both species of snail. Further research on its vitamin, amino acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition is intensely advised.
The first International Seminar on Bioresources, Nutrition, and Health (ISBNH, 2022) took place in Mostaganem, Algeria, from November 28th to 29th, 2022. The ISBNH 2022 comprised of 100% video conferencing and a one-line seminar organized around four important themes: 1/ Phytotherapy; 2/ Food Supplements; 3/ Biomolecular Chemistry and 4/Biotoxicology. The first edition of ISBNH 2022 updated readers on recent breakthroughs in biotechnology, biomolecule applications, and functional foods. The seminar provided an opportunity to discuss new strategies and issues related to bioactive ingredients and metabolites derived from beneficial microorganisms, medicinal plants, and animal bioresources, as well as their biofunctional and chemical characterization, and reported health effects on animal models and humans. The first International Seminar on Bioresources, Nutrition, and Health aimed to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers, and research scholars to exchange and share their knowledge and research findings in all areas of microbiology, biotechnology, biotoxicology, biomolecule chemical characterization, and botanic screening. It also served as a premier interdisciplinary forum for researchers, practitioners, and nutritionists to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns, as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions implemented in the fields of biotechnology, nutrition, and biochemistry.
Lead and aluminum are natural components of the Earth's crust and are environmental contaminants. This study was undertaken to evaluate histological alterations induced by a chronic intoxication by aluminum chloride and lead acetate. After 12 weeks in vivo study, an increase in the activity of markers of liver function (AST and ALT) was found in blood of treated groups by these metals. Hypocalcaemia has been reported in mice poisoned by lead and hypocalcemia in aluminum-intoxicated group, implying that both metals impair calcium homeostasis. Histological study at the liver level showed hepatocyte lesions with presence of dilated sinusoids, ballooning, inflammatory infiltrates, nuclear pyknosis, Kupffer cells, vascular congestions and increased number of binucleated hepatocytes. The kidneys have dilated renal tubules, inflammatory infiltrates and congestions. The biochemical parameters confirmed the histological changes observed in the liver and kidneys. Lead and aluminum severely affect the liver and kidneys.
The Internet of Things (IoT) represents an overarching ideology that blurs the boundaries between the physical and virtual worlds, encompassing a broad spectrum of computing systems and information technologies. IoT devices, such as wearable devices like smart watches and implantable medical devices, are connected to the Internet. Some IoT devices are even integrated into the human body. Generally, wireless communication technologies facilitate connectivity among intelligent and autonomous objects. However, security concerns within IoT pose significant challenges that impede its widespread adoption and evolution. This paper introduces a lightweight and robust security protocol designed to authenticate objects, ensure data integrity during transmission, and detect intrusions in case of attacks on the system.
The production of natural mineral waters bottled in Algeria recognized an exponential growth. The number of brands continues to increase regularly, currently reach one hundred. For this reason, that has fueled our appetite to take an interest in the phenomenon and to know Algerian mineral waters through the labels on the bottles. The objective of this study is to identify and categorize these waters. According to the results found, it appears that the most important of farms are located in the northeastern zone of the country with a density in the region of Tizi ouzou and Bejaia, belonging to hydrographic basins n°. 3 and no. 4. According to the physicochemical aspects, the waters of Ben Haroun, Mouzaia and Sidi Okba are bicarbonate waters (HCO3 content > 600 mg) and magnesium (Mg content > 50 mg). Ben Haroun water is calcium (calcium content > 150 mg), sodium (> 200 mg.L-1 and sulfated water (> 200 mg From the twenty brands selected waters, fifteen are characterized by a dry residue (DR) that complies with the standard (more than 500 mg Four other have an average DR and are those of Sidi Yakoub (152 mg), El Golea (180 mg), Lala khedidja (187 mg) and El Meniaa (199 mg). The waters of Ben Haroun and Mouzaia are characterized by a high dry residue, which is in order of 2800 and 1280 mg, respectively.
Une gestion durable des ressources en eau nécessite une bonne maîtrise de l’évaluation quantitative des termes du bilan hydrologique, tel que l’évapotranspiration, qui constitue un paramètre relativement difficile a estimé, surtout en présence de plusieurs expressions empiriques, le choix devient délicat. Dans la région aride de Béchar (Sud-ouest Algérien), qui souffre de la rareté des précipitations et d’une demande en eau sans cesse croissante sous l’effet de la pression de la démographie et de l’activité agricole, l’évapotranspiration constitue le facteur de perte hydrique le plus important. L’évapotranspiration est estimée, par un ensemble de méthodes (Turc, Thornthwaite, Blaney-Criddle, Penman, Penman-FAO et ANRH), sur une série de 1978 à 2010 (33 ans), des données climatiques (température, humidité relative, précipitation, durée insolation et la vitesse du vent). Les résultats montrent que dans la région de Béchar à l’échelle mensuelle, les valeurs de l’évapotranspiration potentielle (ETP) obtenues par le modèle de TURC, représentent la meilleure estimation quantitative de cette composante climatique.
The RO drilling is located in the Ivorian Onshore Basin in the Aboisso area. To find a suitable area to meet the potable [kj1] water needs of Abidjan city, litho-granulometric and log analyzes were carried out on forty-three (43) samples, to understand the sedimentary cyclicities in the establishment of hydraulic reservoirs (aquifers) along the borehole. The lithological results reveal six (6) lithologies which are among others sandy gravels, gravelly sands, kaolins, quartz sands, sandy-muddy gravel, and silty-clayey sand, which alternate all along drilling. These different alternations allowed the establishment of 42 lithological cycles, of which 35 were binary cycles, 6 ternary cycles, and a single quaternary cycle. The grain size results show that the sand fractions of these lithologies are coarse to very coarse, moderately graded to poorly graded, Platikurtic [kj2], with negative to positive asymmetries. Through these granulometric parameter arrangements, 23 cycles of grain size, 30 cycles of classification, 27 cycles of asymmetry, and 9 cycles of kurtosity were counted. The log signatures show 12 cylindrical shapes, 4 bell shapes, 3 jagged shapes, 3 egg shapes, and one funnel shape giving a total of 23 cycles. They indicate the existence of anastomosing and meandering fluvial systems.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of acid preservatives (AP) and food hydrocolloids (FH) on the shelf life of raw milk at room temperature (between 20 to 25°C). Raw milk samples were treated with different doses of acid preservatives (citric acid: E330 and ascorbic acid: E300) and food hydrocolloids (food agar-agar: E406 and starch: E1400) to determine the optimal dose that could prolong the shelf life of raw milk while maintaining its physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic quality. The results showed that the acid preservatives helped preserve the microbiological quality of the milk samples without significant effects on the final pH values. The food hydrocolloids prevented milk coagulation in the presence of acids only when applied at a dose ≤ 0.3 g in 100 mL of milk. Citric acid was more effective than ascorbic acid, while food agar-agar (E406) was the best food hydrocolloid. Acid preservatives and food hydrocolloids can be effective tools for prolonging the shelf life of raw milk at room temperature and improving food safety and nutrition in regions where raw milk preservation is a challenge.
In recent years, Togo's protected areas have been subject to a worrying process of anthropisation. This has led to a decline in forest ecosystems, their biodiversity and their functions. The general objective of this study is to assess the state of conservation of the classified forest of Amou-Mono between 1986 and 2021. More specifically, it aims to: (i) characterize the dynamics of land use from 1986, 2000, 2013 and 2021 and, (ii) assess the impact of changes in land use on the potential for carbon sequestration. A multi-date classification of Landsat images for the years 1986, 2000, 2013 and 2021 made it possible to quantify and assess changes in occupation. The dynamics of land use between 1986 and 2021 is mainly reflected by a regression of dense/riparian forests (81.40%) and open forests/wooded savannahs (67.79%) and the progression of wooded/shrubby Savannah (172.93%). Anthropogenic formations: Fields/fallow and Agglomerations/Bare soils, absent in 1986, occupy in 2021 respective proportions of 38.1 % and 2.19%. Human activities, particularly logging and agricultural clearing, are causing fragmentation and regression of forest ecosystems. Unless action is taken to reverse the trend, the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functions in this classified forest will be increasingly threatened.
Le procédé de production du paprika à partir de la Niora (Capsicum annuum L.) au Maroc consiste essentiellement en une récolte manuelle des fruits en pleine maturité, en un séchage traditionnel au soleil et en un broyage dans des unités de transformation traditionnelles et se termine par un huilage (l’enlèvement du pédoncule est facultatif). Les détails concernant les opérations de transformation sont rapportés. Dans un deuxième volet une étude comparative de la qualité du paprika provenant de trois régions productrices de l’épice au Maroc a été abordée à travers l’analyse de leurs paramètres physico-chimiques et nutritionnels, de leur composition en métabolites secondaires et de leur pouvoir antioxydant. Les paprikas des 3 provenances ont montré des valeurs d’ASTA qui variaient de 104 à144 Unités. Les principaux acides gras composant le paprika sont l'acide linoléique, l'acide palmitique et l’acide oléique. En matière de composition minérale, les paprikas issus des 3 régions sont riches en potassium, en magnésium et relativement pauvre en sodium. Le paprika d’El Kalâa des Sraghna a montré les valeurs les plus élevées en capsaicinoïdes totaux (184,97 mg/kg PS). Les meilleures capacités antioxydantes ont été obtenues par le paprika du Tadla (IC50 de 260 µg/ml pour le test de DPPH et de 43,03 µg/ml pour le test d’ABTS).
Dans la présente étude nous nous sommes intéressées à la valorisation des écorces de quelques variétés d’oranges provenant de la région de Bejaia (Washington, Thomson, Double fine, Portugaise, Jaffa, Sanguinelli et Bigarade). De ce fait nous avons procédé à une étude phytochimique qui nous a permis de mettre en évidence la richesse des écorces en composés bioactifs (composés phénoliques, terpènoïdes, sucres et mucilages). Nous avons également extrait les huiles essentielles à partir des écorces fraiches par hydrodistillation. La variété Jaffa s’avère la plus riche en huiles essentielles, nous avons enregistré un rendement de l,48 %. La variété Thomson s’est avéré la plus pauvre en huiles essentielles avec un rendement de 0,39 %. La variété Double fine présente l’activité antioxydante la plus intéressante (74,46 %). L’analyse chromatographiques des huiles essentielles de Double fine par GC-MS a permis d’identifier dix composants dont le limonène est le constituant majoritaire (89,81 %).
L’objectif principal de ce travail est l’étude de l’effet de l’incorporation d’une charge minérale, la perlite dans une matrice thermodurcissable à base d’une résine polyester insaturée, de type résine isophtalique, sur les propriétés mécaniques, physique et , morphologique des matériaux composites comportant des taux variés de minerais, présentant différentes dimensions, notamment supérieure à 50µm, et inférieure à 50µm traité et non traité. Les composites ont été préparés par le procédé de moulage au contact ; Les plaques des composites sont durcies pendant 24 h à la température ambiante puis mises en étuve pendant 16 heures à 40 °C pour subir une post-cuisson. L’étude de propriétés mécaniques réalisées par la détermination de la contrainte à la rupture et la déformation à la rupture, la résistance à l'impact et la résistance à la rupture a montré que ces propriétés augmentent jusqu'à 4% en raison de la forte affinité entre les deux composants et de la bonne dispersion de la charge. Après, ils diminuent lorsque la teneur de la charge augmente et cela ne permettent pas une dispersion adéquate et crée des agglomérations qui initient la rupture. Une bonne corrélation a été observée entre les résultats des essais mécaniques et les observations au MEB qui a révélé que pour des concentrations plus faibles, les particules de la perlite sont bien dispersés dans la résine, mais les agglomérations sont mises en évidence lorsque la teneur en charge augmente.
