Background. Depending on the cultural context that shaped a person's cognitive style, the response to the same UI/UX-design can vary dramatically. This is important to explore given the globalization of digital products, where the same application or website is used by millions of users from different cultural backgrounds. The aim of the work is to highlight the results of a study of how culturally conditioned cognitive styles – analytical (typical for Europeans) and holistic (characteristic of Asians) – affect the psychophysiological reactions of users when interacting with digital interfaces. Methods. Participants' reaction time (RT) and number of errors (NOE) were recorded for two types of user interfaces representing Asian and European approaches to UI/UX-design: European UI style (minimalism, simple navigation, low visual complexity) and Asian UI style (high visual density, multi-level information structure, complex navigation), as well as subjective assessment of task difficulty. The sample consisted of 80 people (40 from the Asian cultural group, 20 men and women, and 40 from the European cultural group, 18 men and 22 women) aged 20 to 33. Each participant interacted with both types of interfaces – one that was appropriate and one that was inappropriate for the subject's cognitive style. Results. Comparison of RT, NOE, and subjective assessment of difficulty when using both types of interfaces for respondents from all four subgroups – men and women, Asians, and Europeans – revealed lower indices when working with appropriate interfaces compared to inappropriate ones. The NOE committed by Europeans when using the appropriate interface were greater compared to the NOE committed by Asians, while there were no differences between the representatives of both groups when using the inappropriate interface. The RT and subjective assessment of the difficulty of performing tasks between subjects of all subgroups did not differ for either appropriate or inappropriate interfaces. Conclusions. Both groups demonstrate increased psychophysiological load when using interfaces that do not match their cultural cognitive style: the RT increases by 50–80 ms, and the NOE doubles. European participants experienced increased cognitive load when interacting with dense interfaces, while Asian participants experienced increased cognitive load when working with minimalist interfaces, which was consistent with the subjective perception of interface complexity.
Background. The development of Uzbekistan's pharmaceutical industry based on local natural raw materials, reduction of import dependence, and enhancement of export potential require the scientifically justified introduction of promising essential oil-bearing species into cultivation. The small-flowered oregano (Origanum tyttanthum Gontsch., Lamiaceae), endemic to Central Asia, is a valuable essential oil plant. Its essential oil is characterized by high contents of carvacrol, thymol, and other terpene components, which determine its antiseptic and technologically important properties. At the same time, natural populations of the species are subject to significant anthropogenic pressure, while the effective establishment of industrial plantations requires the development of a reliable seed production base. Key indicators of seed quality include storage duration and germination dynamics, which may vary substantially under the arid continental climate conditions of the Karshi region. This study aimed to determine the optimal age of O. tyttanthum seeds for sowing under the conditions of the Karshi region, to assess the effects of different storage regimes on laboratory and field germination, and to characterize the early growth dynamics of embryonic organs after spring sowing. Methods. Seeds of small-flowered oregano (O. tyttanthum), collected in 2020–2024 in the mountainous areas of the Kashkadarya region, were stored at room temperature (+18+22 °C) and under refrigerated conditions (+4 °C). Germination was determined under laboratory conditions (in Petri dishes) and in field experiments by counting seedlings emerging from the experimental plot. The growth dynamics of the embryo, cotyledons, and the hypocotyl–root complex were recorded over 30 days in sowings established on 25 March 2024. The obtained data were processed using descriptive statistical methods and presented as ranges of values. Results. When stored at room temperature, the laboratory germination of freshly harvested seeds of small-flowered oregano was 7-9%, increased to 32-38% by the third month, and reached a maximum of 78-82% by the twelfth month; field germination during this period was 74-80%. After 18 months of storage, a gradual decline in germination was observed (laboratory: 70-78%; field: 62-70%), while after 36 months, a sharp decrease in seed viability occurred (30-40% and 22-34%, respectively). Under refrigerated storage (+4 °C), seeds retained high viability even after 36 months of storage (86-89%). The most intensive growth of embryonic organs was observed between 22 and 30 days and showed a clear correlation with an increase in temperature to 24-28 °C and with higher soil moisture following irrigation. Conclusions. The optimal seed age of small-flowered oregano (O. tyttanthum) for sowing under the conditions of the Karshi region is 6-15 months after harvest. For long-term storage of seed material, a cold storage regime (+4°C) is recommended, as it significantly slows down aging processes. The obtained results are of practical importance for the development of a seed production base and the introduction of small-flowered oregano into cultivation.
Background. One of the recognized factors in the development of secondary osteoporosis is long-term glucocorticoid therapy, which increases the risk of bone fractures and disability. To prevent the symptoms of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, patients are prescribed bisphosphonates, which have numerous side effects. Therefore, it is relevant to develop and search for a safe and effective alternative to bisphosphonates—specifically, preventive regimens for protecting bone tissue during prolonged steroid administration. Based on the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, we have theoretically substantiated the composition of such agents, but their osteoprotective efficacy requires experimental confirmation under conditions of prednisolone administration. The aim of this study was to determine the osteoprotective efficacy of a complex containing biologically active substances of dioscorea, hops and black cohosh, lecithin, vitamins, and macro- and microelements during long-term administration of prednisolone to female laboratory rats. Methods. The experiment was conducted on 30 female rats: 10 were intact, 10 received daily prednisolone at a dose of 5 mg/kg, and 10 received prednisolone together with the complex of substances. The duration of the experiment was two months. In the rats' femoral bones, bone density and mineral and organic component contents were measured. In the animals' blood, markers of bone resorption (Beta-CrossLaps—type I collagen fragments, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity) and osteogenesis indicators (alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, and vitamin D content) were analyzed. Results. Prolonged prednisolone administration in rats led to a reduction in femoral bone density due to decreased mineral content, increased bone resorption markers, and suppression of osteogenesis indicators in the blood. The proposed prophylactic regimen for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis demonstrated pronounced osteoprotective efficacy according to the analyzed parameters in the femoral bones and blood of the rats. Сonclusions. The experimentally confirmed effectiveness of the complex is attributed to the balanced composition of its components, which include dioscorea, hops and black cohosh with estrogen-like properties, essential minerals, B-group vitamins present in spirulina, lecithin, and vitamins D3 and K. The multifunctional properties of the proposed prophylactic complex and the obtained results support its potential for clinical use under conditions of prolonged glucocorticoid administration.
Background. Canonical transient receptor potential channel 4 (TRPC4) in intestinal smooth muscle is activated via interaction with M2/M3 muscarinic receptors and activated by these receptors G-proteins and represents an important component of calcium signaling. Blockade of these channels by highly potent inhibitors such as Pico145 is of considerable interest for the development of new pharmacological approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pico145 on muscarinic receptor–induced cation current (mICAT) in mouse ileal smooth muscle cells and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Pico145 binding to the TRPC4 channel. Methods. Electrophysiological experiments were performed using the patch-clamp technique on isolated smooth muscle cells from mouse ileum. Molecular modeling was conducted by docking Pico145 into the cryo-EM structure of TRPC4 (PDB: 5Z96) following validation on the reference TRPC1/TRPC4:Pico145 complex (PDB: 8WPM). Binding energies and spatial correspondence of the ligand pose relative to the experimentally determined Pico145 position in the TRPC1/TRPC4 channel were evaluated. Results. Pico145 was shown to markedly suppress the amplitude of mICAT in intestinal smooth muscle cells. et a concentration of 100 pM, the inhibitor reduced the current by more than 80 % (p < 0.05) compared with control, consistent with the established contribution of TRPC4 to the generation of mICAT. Molecular docking confirmed that Pico145 binds within a conserved intersubunit hydrophobic pocket of the TRPC4 transmembrane domain, which corresponds to the binding site previously identified in the structurally related TRPC5 protein. The modeled conformation of Pico145 almost completely reproduces the experimentally determined ligand pose in the TRPC4 channel. Minor differences in the amino acid composition of the pocket (Thr599 in mouse TRPC4 versus Val624 in human TRPC4) do not affect the binding mode, confirming the conserved nature of the inhibition mechanism. Conclusions. Pico145 effectively blocks receptor-operated TRPC4 channels in smooth muscle, leading to a pronounced inhibition of mICAT. Molecular modeling revealed that Pico145 binds to a conserved intramembrane site in the TRPC4 channel that coincides with the binding site in structurally related TRPC1/4/5 channels. These results support the common inhibitory mechanism of the TRPC4 by Pico145 and may facilitate the rational design of new selective TRPC channel blockers.
Background. Macrophages are a highly heterogeneous immune cell subset that play essential roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) represent the major resident immune cell population in the distal airways and constitute the first line of cellular defense against inhaled microorganisms. Phagocytosis is a fundamental function of AMs, supporting both pathogen clearance and lung homeostasis. However, the efficiency with which AMs internalize different classes of microorganisms remains incompletely explored, despite its relevance for early host–pathogen interactions in the lung. This study aimed to quantitatively compare the phagocytic activity of murine alveolar macrophages toward Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and the yeast Candida albicans under non-opsonized, non-inflammatory in vitro conditions using flow cytometry. Methods. Murine AMs were isolated from BALB/c mice by bronchoalveolar lavage. Phagocytic activity was assessed using FITC-labeled, inactivated microorganisms, including heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), heat-killed Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), and ethanol-fixed Candida albicans. AMs were incubated with microbial targets for 30 minutes at 37 °C. Phagocytosis was quantified by flow cytometry as the percentage of FITC-positive cells and the phagocytic index, expressed as mean fluorescence intensity. Results. Analysis of AM phagocytic activity revealed pronounced target-dependent differences. Uptake was lowest for Escherichia coli, intermediate for Staphylococcus aureus, and highest for Candida albicans. This pattern was consistent for both the percentage of phagocytosing cells and the phagocytic index. Conclusions. Taken together, murine alveolar macrophages exhibit higher phagocytic activity toward Candida albicans than toward Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria under non-opsonized, non-inflammatory conditions. These results highlight pathogen-dependent differences in alveolar macrophage phagocytosis relevant to early innate immune defense in the lung.
Background. Graded physical exertion (GPE) is accompanied by increased muscular energy demand, which may induce adaptive changes in the mitochondrial apparatus and microcirculatory system. Under conditions of hypoxic stress, alterations such as cristae disorganization, mitochondrial swelling, and disturbances in redox homeostasis may occur. Succinate, a substrate of the respiratory chain, is considered not only an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle but also a potential modulator of redox balance and mitochondrial biogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of succinate-dependent metabolic modulation using 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate on mitochondrial morphometric parameters and histohematogenous barrier thickness in the gastrocnemius muscle of trained and untrained rats during muscle activity. Methods. The experiment was conducted in male rats allocated into the following groups: control; untrained with GPE; untrained with GPE receiving 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate; trained with GPE; and trained with GPE receiving 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate. Transmission electron microscopy with morphometric analysis was used to evaluate subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondrial subpopulations. The number of mitochondria (units/μm²), the proportion of structurally altered organelles (%), mitochondrial diameter (μm), and histohematogenous barrier thickness (nm) were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 6.0. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; normality was verified with the Shapiro–Wilk test, intergroup differences were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. In untrained animals, GPE was associated with a reduction in mitochondrial density, an increase in the proportion of structurally altered mitochondria, and enlargement of mitochondrial diameter. Histohematogenous barrier thickness was also significantly increased. Administration of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate was accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial density, a decrease in the proportion of damaged organelles, partial normalization of mitochondrial diameter, and reduced barrier thickness. In trained animals, a higher baseline mitochondrial reserve was observed; however, GPE was associated with an increased proportion of structurally altered mitochondria. In the presence of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate, a further increase in mitochondrial density, a reduction in altered organelles, and decreased barrier thickness were noted. Conclusions. Succinate-dependent metabolic modulation may contribute to optimization of mitochondrial and microcirculatory parameters in skeletal muscle during graded physical exertion. In untrained animals, the observed effects appear to be predominantly compensatory, whereas in trained animals they may be interpreted as protective and stabilizing. The findings suggest a coordinated influence on the "microcirculation–mitochondria" functional axis, potentially creating structural conditions favorable for more efficient aerobic energy metabolism.
Background. Type II pyrethroids, particularly beta-cyfluthrin, are insecticides used in agriculture that have toxic effects on non-target organisms. Despite the high biological activity of this cyanogen-containing stereoisomer, its effects on the male reproductive system have not been sufficiently studied compared to cyfluthrin. This highlights the relevance of investigating the reproductive toxicity of beta-cyfluthrin in male Wistar Hannover rats. Aim. To investigate the state of the reproductive system of male Wistar Hannover rats following exposure to beta-cyfluthrin within a single generation. Methods. The study was conducted on male Wistar Hannover rats that were orally administered beta-cyfluthrin at doses of 3.0 and 30 mg/kg body weight for 10 weeks (5 times per week). Control males (0 mg/kg body weight) received distilled water with an emulsifier. Gonadal function and fertility were assessed by mating males with intact females (1:2). The status of embryogenesis was analyzed on the 20th day of gestation. Statistical data analysis was performed using Python. The normality of the distribution was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. In cases of non-normal data distribution, the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Results were considered statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results. It was established that beta-cyfluthrin exerts a general toxic effect on the test rats, manifested by a decrease in body weight at 3 mg/kg body weight—from the 6th to the 10th week of exposure by 5.06–7.56 % (from the 6th to the 8th weeks p ≤ 0.01, from the 9th to the 10th week p ≤ 0.001) and at 30 mg/kg body weight—from the 3rd to the 10th week of exposure by 7.00–18.03 % (p ≤ 0.0001). At the maximum dose, disturbances in the morphofunctional state of spermatozoa were also observed, specifically: a 33.94 % decrease in progressive motility (p ≤ 0.02) and a 38.74 % decrease in the percentage of medium-progressive spermatozoa (p ≤ 0.001), an increase in the percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa by 19.52 % (p ≤ 0.01) and a decrease in the percentage of normal spermatozoa by 26.84 % (p ≤ 0.01), as well as a decrease in the fertility index by 20 % (p ≤ 0.05). A dose of 3 mg/kg body weight did not cause statistically significant changes in reproductive parameters. Conclusions. It was established that beta-cyfluthrin at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight causes pronounced reproductive toxicity, manifested by a decrease in the fertility index of males. It also causes suppression of sperm motility and an increase in the proportion of abnormal sperm forms. At a dose of 3 mg/kg body weight, beta-cyfluthrin does not cause significant disturbances in male reproductive function. Therefore, the 3 mg/kg dose is ineffective based on the reproductive parameters studied.
Background. Biostimulants are increasingly seen as an effective tool for sustainable agriculture, as their action is based not on increasing the amount of nutrients applied, but on improving the efficiency of their nutrient assimilation by plants and enhancing plant resistance to stress. Hydrolysates obtained from insect larvae (Hermetia illucens L., Tenebrio molitor L., Zophobas morio Fabricius) are characterized by high antioxidant and cytoprotective activity and a rich amino acid composition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of larval hydrolysates on the growth and photosynthetic apparatus of beans. Methods. After planting the seeds, they were watered once with hydrolysates of Hermetia illucens, Tenebrio molitor, and Zophobas morio (Zm, Tm, and Hi) at two concentrations each (0.1 % or 0.2 %). The control group was watered with water. The percentage of seed germination, seedling growth, and seedling energy index were determined on the 10th day of germination. On the 15th day, the seedlings were re-treated with hydrolysates. A specific hydrolysate was applied to the roots at concentrations of 0.1 % or 0.05 %, or applied to the leaves (sprayed) at concentrations of 0.1 % or 0.2 %. The growth of seedlings after treatment, the above-ground and below-ground vegetative mass of plants, and the content of chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids in the leaves were determined. Results. Treatment with insect hydrolysates did not significantly affect the overall germination of seeds and the growth of bean seedlings. The seedling energy index showed the stimulating effect of 0.1 % Zophobas morio hydrolysate and the inhibitory effect of 0.1 % T. molitor hydrolysate. Repeated treatment with 0.1 % hydrolysates of Z. morio and H. illucens stimulated bean growth in both types of irrigation. Root and foliar irrigation with insect hydrolysates tended to decrease the content of chlorophyll a and carotenoids and increase the content of chlorophyll b. Only spraying with Z. morio showed a sharp increase in chlorophyll b and a moderate increase in carotenoids, indicating an enhancement of defense mechanisms under such treatments. Conclusions. Among the reagents studied, 0.1 % Zophobas morio hydrolysate performed best, stimulating defense mechanisms at the photosynthetic system level when applied to leaves and growth processes when applied to roots with this reagent. H. illucens hydrolysate stimulated bean growth, while T. molitor had a predominantly neutral or inhibitory effect.
Background. Persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) is a key factor in the development of cervical neoplasia (Curty et al., 2019). The state of local immunity and vaginal microbiota plays an important role in this process (Younes et al., 2018). Disturbances in the vaginal microbiocenosis are considered a potential co-factor promoting prolonged viral presence (Borgdorf et al., 2016; Holly et al., 2017); however, the specificity of these changes across different HPV genotypes remains a subject of debate. Methods. A clinical and laboratory examination of reproductive-age patients was conducted. HPV status was determined using real-time PCR (Cobas HPV Test). The state of vaginal microbiota was assessed by microscopy (evaluating the presence of Lactobacillus spp., Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp.). Results. A statistically significant association was established between the presence of high-risk HPV types (16 and 18) and vaginal microbiocenosis disturbances. The frequency of bacterial vaginosis was significantly higher in the group of women with HPV type 16 compared to HPV-negative patients. Conversely, the majority of women in the control group exhibited normocenosis dominated by lactobacilli. The data suggest that vaginal dysbiosis is more frequently observed in women with viral persistence, creating an unfavorable background for pathogen elimination. Сonclusions. A strong correlation was found between infection with high-risk HPV and dysbiotic changes in vaginal microbiota. Monitoring and correction of the microbiota state may be an essential component in the management of patients with papillomavirus infection.
B a c k g r o u n d . The purpose of the work is to investigate indicators of adaptive potential for assessing adaptive capabilities, hemodynamic indicators, maximum aerobic capacity of the heart, functional reserves and the level of regulation of the cardiovascular system, indicators of the level of functional state of the circulatory system in female students in various health-preserving environments. M e t h o d s . For comparison, the girls were divided into three groups: a group that has creative subjects and subjects about the structure and functioning of the body, prevention and a healthy lifestyle, and health-preserving courses, group A (n = 52); a group that does not have creative subjects in the curriculum, biology, they have the largest number of biological subjects – group B (n = 46); and a group that does not have both creative courses and biological subjects – group V (n = 158). Physiological research methods: heart rate ( beats/min), systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) were measured; a calculation method for studying the value of the Robinson index and adaptive potential. R e s u l t s . The lowest maximal aerobic capacity and the lowest level of somatic health were found in female students of group V (58 % with a shift in the heart regulation contour, dominance of the sympathetic nervous system and sympathetic regulation). The analysis showed that in group B the indicators of the functional state of the cardiovascular system occupy an intermediate position between groups A and V. The worst functional state of the cardiovascular system and adaptive capabilities are in students of group V. С o n c l u s i o n s . Studies have revealed a significant number of female students with strained adaptation mechanisms and a shift in the heart regulation circuit. The results of the studies confirm the negative dynamics in the modern world regarding the function al state and adaptive capabilities of the cardiovascular system in young students. In order to improve the functional state of the cardiov ascular system, it is necessary to create a health-preserving environment using health-preserving technologies and to raise awareness, for example, using teaching biological disciplines.
Background. Modern combat musculoskeletal trauma, caused by the use of high-tech weaponry, is characterized by the multi-component nature of injuries and a high risk of developing severe systemic complications. A key pathogenetic factor in the post-traumatic period is the combination of a systemic inflammatory response and pronounced metabolic imbalance resulting from ischemia-reperfusion tissue injury. The recovery rate of combatants depends on the coordination efficiency of the immune response and the body's ability to maintain energy homeostasis under hypoxic conditions. The aim of the work was to determine a range of indicators of inflammation and energy balance in the blood of combatants following combat musculoskeletal trauma. Methods. The study was conducted with the participation of two groups. The first group (n = 10) consisted of apparently healthy individuals (control). The second group (n = 14) included patients with combat musculoskeletal trauma. The concentrations of C-reactive protein, lactate, glucose, and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in blood plasma were determined using standard biochemical methods. The expression levels of NFKB1 and PTGS2 genes were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR. Statistical processing of the results was performed using methods of variational statistics. Results. Analysis of the blood plasma of patients with combat trauma revealed the development of an acute phase of inflammation, as confirmed by an increase in C-reactive protein concentration. Significant disturbances in energy metabolism were established: an increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactate accumulation against the background of a decrease in glucose concentration, indicating an intensification of anaerobic glycolysis. At the molecular genetic level, a substantial increase in the expression of regulatory genes was recorded – NFKB1, which encodes the central transcriptional factor of inflammation, and the effector gene PTGS2 (cyclooxygenase-2). The synchronous activation of these genetic markers against the backdrop of metabolic deficit indicates the formation of a persistent pro-inflammatory status. Conclusions. The study results demonstrate the coupling of systemic inflammation processes and metabolic decompensation, leading to a progressive depletion of energy reserves in combatants with gunshot wounds.
Background. It is widely recognized that human health depends on genetics (40 %), healthcare services (10 %), and lifestyle factors, including harmful habits, physical activity, and dietary patterns (approximately 50 %) (Manzhaliy E.G., 2021). In addition to therapeutic nutrition, various diets have gained popularity over the years as both nutritionists and individuals attempt to balance nutrient intake with the body's needs, considering social status, gender, age, and physical activity levels (Freire, 2020; Shilpa & Viswanathan, 2018). The main objectives of dietary interventions are to regulate metabolism and correct body weight (Andersen, 2024; Shilpa & Viswanathan, 2018). Currently, weight management programs include general dietary recommendations, specialized nutritional plans, behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and surgical treatment for obesity. A low-carbohydrate diet with controlled caloric intake, combined with fitness training, is considered one of the most effective approaches for rapid fat loss. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of a low-carbohydrate diet combined with fitness training in improving women's physical condition. Methods. The study employed various methods, including anthropometric measurements, an experimental approach, data synthesis, statistical analysis, surveys, and in-depth interviews. The sample consisted of 30 participants (N = 30); women aged 19 to 49 years. All participants voluntarily took part in the study with informed consent. Results. At the end of the experiment, participants following the low-carbohydrate diet combined with fitness training experienced an average body weight reduction of 3.97 kg. The maximum recorded weight loss was 9.5 kg. The body mass index (BMI) decreased by an average of 1.54, body fat percentage by 2.36 %, and waist circumference by 4.42 cm. The most significant individual reductions observed were 3.85 in BMI, 6.7 % in body fat percentage, and 9.0 cm in waist circumference. Conclusions. A statistically significant reduction was observed in all analyzed indicators (body weight, fat percentage, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass) before and after the experiment. The most notable improvements were seen in absolute anthropometric parameters such as body weight and waist circumference, while relative indicators such as body fat percentage and BMI demonstrated smaller but still statistically significant reductions.
Background. Female sexual dysfunction according to the current diagnostic criteria of DSM-5-TR is defined as a clinically significant impairment of sexual response, lasting at least 6 months and accompanied by pronounced distress. Psychological factors, in particular chronic stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, are considered key predictors of sexual dysfunction. At the same time, data on young women in conditions of prolonged social stress remain limited, which necessitates the need for further research in this population. The study analyzes for the first time the relationship between subclinical sexual dysfunction and psychoemotional factors among Ukrainian youth in conditions of chronic stress. Methods. The study used a literature review, a structured online questionnaire, standardized psychometric instruments (Female Sexual Function Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, Anxiety Test), and statistical methods, including descriptive and correlational analyses. The sample consisted of 45 women (N = 45) aged 18 to 23 years. All participants participated in the survey voluntarily, with informed consent. Results. Sexual dysfunction was detected in 69 % of respondents. Moderate stress was reported by 57.8 %, high stress by 42.2 %, and there were no cases of low stress. Mild anxiety was observed in 57.8 %, moderate – in 22.2 %, and severe – in 20.0 %. Low depression was detected in 71.1 % of respondents, moderate – in 24.4 %, and high – in 4.4 %. Correlation analysis revealed weak inverse, statistically insignificant relationships between sexual function and stress (r = −0.045), depression (r = −0.031), and anxiety (r = −0.159; p ≥ 0.05). Сonclusions. Female sexual dysfunction demonstrated a high prevalence in the study sample. Correlation analysis did not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between indicators of sexual function and the level of stress, anxiety, or depressive symptoms. The data obtained do not confirm the role of psychoemotional factors as independent determinants of sexual dysfunction within the framework of this study; at the same time, they can be considered as potential modifying or triggering factors in the presence of other biopsychosocial influences. Further work requires a larger sample, a prospective design, and a comprehensive assessment of biological, psychological, and social factors.
Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health care problem, with the majority of cases occurring in stage 3. Since the disease can progress insidiously, early diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention. One of the risk factors for the development of CKD is hyperhomocysteinemia. The detection of atypical medium-molecular peptides in kidney homogenate may be an important component of this condition. The aim of the study was to determine the level of middle molecular peptides in kidney homogenate of adult and immature rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods. The experiments were conducted on white male non-linear rats which maintained on a standard vivarium diet.The model of hyperhomocysteinemia was reproduced on one- and six-month-old male rats, which were kept on a standard vivarium diet. The experimental group was intragastrically administered by D,L-thiolactone homocysteine hydrochloride in a 1 % starch solution at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight 1 per day for 8 weeks. The corresponding volume of 1 % starch solution was injected into the control group of animals. The protein concentration was determined by the Bradford method. The concentration of middle-molecular peptide fractions was determined at wavelengths of 210, 238 and 254 nm. Results. It was shown that in the kidneys of immature and adult rats with hyperhomocysteinemia, an increase in the level of middle-molecular peptides occurs. The most significant changes were established for the indicators determined at a wavelength of 210 nm in the group of animals with hyperhomocysteinemia. Сonclusions. The results obtained indicate metabolic disorders in the body of rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. The established differences in the quantitative composition of the obtained fractions of kidney homogenate may be the basis for further studies on the identification of individual peptides as markers of the development and progression of Chronic kidney disease in hyperhomocysteinemia.
Background. This study investigates the impact of low doses of ionizing radiation (equivalent to the background radiation levels on space stations) on the properties of 0.9 % NaCl physiological solutions. The relevance of this research is driven by the need to assess the stability of pharmaceuticals and proteins in environments subjected to long-term radiation exposure, as water radiolysis can significantly alter their physicochemical state. Hemoglobin, specifically its optical properties, was used as a marker for the redox and acidic state of the medium. Methods. The study utilized 0.9% NaCl solution in ampoules, irradiated with 241Am, 239Pu-9Be and 137Cs sources (dose rates of 10–14 μSv/h) for durations of 21 and 57 days. Concentrated rat hemoglobin solution was added to these pre-irradiated physiological solutions. The optical properties of the samples were monitored via spectrophotometry during 120 hours of storage at 21–22 °C. Results. Irradiation of the physiological solutions was found to cause a consistent decrease in light scattering within the UV range, indicating the destabilization or size reduction of gas nanobubbles. Hemoglobin in control solutions remained stable during the first 24 hours, whereas an accelerated degradation of its spatial structure was observed in the pre-irradiated solutions. By the 120-hour mark, the protein in all experimental samples had transitioned into a denatured state (methemoglobin, Fe3+). This process was accompanied by a "blue shift" of the Soret band by 6–8 nm and the disappearance of the absorption maxima at 540 and 575 nm, which are characteristic of the native oxygenated form of the protein. Conclusions. The primary causes of accelerated protein denaturation are the acidification of the medium (a pH decrease of 0.3–0.5 units) resulting from water radiolysis, and the formation of reactive oxygen species and oxidants (hypochlorites, chlorites, chlorates). A separate control experiment with HCl confirmed that a low pH (4.0) triggers rapid hemoglobin degradation within 15 minutes, with corresponding changes in the optical properties of the protein solutions. Thus, prolonged exposure even to low doses of radiation markedly alters the physicochemical properties of physiological solutions, which critically affects the stability of dissolved proteins.
Background. Determining the optimal day for embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization (IVF) is a key factor influencing reproductive outcomes. Transferring a single embryo at the blastocyst stage (day 5) provides better synchronization with the endometrial receptivity window and allows for selection of embryos with higher developmental potential. This strategy is associated with improved implantation rates and a reduced risk of multiple gestations. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of embryo transfers performed on day 3 (cleavage stage) versus day 5 (blastocyst stage) in IVF cycles, focusing on implantation efficiency and pregnancy outcomes. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 576 women who underwent IVF treatment between 2022 and 2024 at a major reproductive center in Uzbekistan. Patients were grouped based on the timing of embryo transfer: Group 1: cleavage-stage embryo transfers (day 3) (n = 200); Group2: blastocyst-stage embryo transfers (day 5) (n = 376). Trends in transfer practices, number of embryos transferred, implantation rates, and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. Results. Between 2022 and 2024, the proportion of blastocyst-stage transfers increased significantly from 65 % to 96 %, while cleavage-stage transfers declined to 4 %. The average implantation rate for day 5 transfers (64.2 %) was significantly higher than for day 3 transfers (51.2 %). Simultaneously, the proportion of elective single embryo transfers (eSET) rose from 30 % to 62 %, contributing to a reduction in multiple pregnancy rates. This information is based on retrospective analysis of clinical records from our IVF center. Сonclusions.The shift toward blastocyst-stage embryo transfer and eSET in Uzbekistan reflects a broader alignment with international IVF standards. These changes are associated with improved implantation outcomes and reduced perinatal risks, supporting a more personalized and evidence-based approach to reproductive care.
Background. The conditions of martial law significantly affect the population’s lifestyle, particularly dietary behavior, physical activity, sleep quality, and emotional state. Elevated stress levels, limited access to food, and changes in daily routines can disrupt dietary balance and the body’s adaptive mechanisms, especially in the most vulnerable age group – adolescents. Methods. Empirical data were collected using a structured online questionnaire that included sections on dietary habits, sleep quality, level of physical activity, and emotional state. Respondents aged 14-17 years participated in the study. Nonparametric statistical methods and correlation analysis were used to process the data. Results. A balanced diet was found to be positively correlated with higher energy levels, better sleep quality, increased stress resilience, and overall psycho-emotional well-being. Disruptions in dietary habits were associated with poorer sleep, reduced physical vitality, and higher levels of anxiety. Significant relationships were identified between emotional background, dietary behavior characteristics, and mental health indicators. Different age groups demonstrated differences in dietary structure and in the extent to which nutrition influenced well-being. Сonclusions. The results highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach to assessing human well-being and the role of balanced nutrition in maintaining physical and mental health under conditions of martial law. The study may serve as a basis for developing recommendations to optimize dietary habits and improve the quality of life for different age groups of the population.
Background. Acute tonsillitis is a common reason for primary care visits. Although its clinical course is often benign, it can lead to complications such as abscesses and systemic inflammation. While age is known to influence the clinical presentation and microbiological profile, data on age-related dysbiotic changes in the oropharyngeal microbiota are limited. The aim of the study was to evaluate age-related features in the microbial communities of the oropharynx and biofilm-forming S. aureus in adult patients with acute tonsillitis. Methods. Swabs were analysed from the palatine tonsils of 69 adult patients, who were stratified into three age groups: 18–44 years, 45–59 years, and ≥60 years. A microbiological analysis was performed to identify the taxonomic composition and colonisation density of the isolates. Alpha diversity and dominance indices were also assessed, as well as the ability of Staphylococcus aureus strains to form biofilms. Results. S. pyogenes was detected in only 7.2 % of cases, predominantly among the youngest age group. The oropharyngeal microbiota was consistently dominated by α-haemolytic streptococci, Corynebacterium spp. and Neisseria spp. However, the frequency of opportunistic bacteria, including S. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp., increased in middle-aged and elderly patients. Notably, all S. aureus strains from the 45–59 age group demonstrated the ability to form biofilms. Although alpha diversity indices showed no significant age-related differences, the microbial composition varied, with moderate similarity between groups. Conclusions. The study confirms the presence of age-related differences in the microbial etiology of acute tonsillitis. While S. pyogenes was characteristic of younger adults, the oropharyngeal microbiota of older patients showed a shift towards opportunistic bacteria, including biofilm-forming S. aureus. These findings underscore the importance of age-specific microbiological analysis for informed clinical decision-making in acute tonsillitis.
Background. Xylotrophic basidiomycetes are an integral structural and functional component of ecosystems and have long been known as a unique biotechnological object for obtaining various biopolymers for food and medical purposes. Research into the biological characteristics of such species requires stable laboratory conditions and is a necessary prerequisite for determining optimal cultivation conditions and ensuring the purity of the culture in biosynthesis. The isolation of new fungal strains from fruiting bodies collected in the territories of nature reserve fund objects of Ukraine for the purpose of biodiversity conservation is an important part of the development of nature protection technologies. A topical but little-studied issue is the interspecific interactions of wood-destroying fungi in natural conditions, on which their distribution directly depends. Methods. For determination of biological characteristics of xylotrophic fungi, cultivation was conducted on solid and liquid nutrient media of various compositions. Macroscopic features of mycelial colonies were determined visually, while microstructural features were determined using light microscopy. To study the antagonistic properties of selected strains, the method of direct confrontation in dual culture was used. Results. According to the results of the study, the optimal medium for obtaining biomass of all studied species was the GPY medium with the addition of CO2-amaranth meal. The growth rate showed significant differences depending on the cultivation medium, which is caused by the species characteristics of the strains. Most cultures were characterised by vegetative mycelium clamps and calcium oxalate crystals on the surface of hyphae or beyond their boundaries. The most common type of interspecific interaction was the growth of one of the macromycetes colonies with the suppression of the other. Conclusions. The radial growth rate on agarised nutrient media of various compositions and the morphology of colonies of six species of wood- decaying fungi were studied, characteristic micro- and macromorphological features of the vegetative mycelium of selected strains were identified, and characterised the antagonistic properties of xylotrophic macromycetes in dual culture conditions.
Background. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV; species Cucumovirus CMV, genus Cucumovirus, family Bromoviridae) has the widest host range among plant viruses, infecting over 1,000 species across diverse genera and families. Various CMV strains and isolates are constantly evolving, adapting to new hosts, and may pose significant threats to the cultivation of economically important crops. Methods. This study aimed to detect CMV in atypical host plants in Ukraine.Double antibody sandwich (DAS) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to identify CMV and to exclude mixed infections with other viruses, including alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), potato virus X (PVX), potato virus Y (PVY), soybean mosaic virus (SMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tobacco rattle virus (TRV), tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), and turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), using commercial ELISA kits (Loewe Biochemica GmbH, Germany). Results. Screening of agroecosystems and ornamental plantings in several regions of Ukraine revealed CMV-infected plants. CMV monoinfections were detected in Hosta longissima (Asparagaceae), Echinacea purpurea, Erigeron annuus, and Heliopsis helianthoides (Asteraceae), Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae), Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae), and Euphorbia epithymoides (Euphorbiaceae). Conclusions. These findings demonstrate the circulation of CMV in different regions of Ukraine across host plants from diverse families, including Asparagaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Euphorbiaceae. Notably, CMV was detected for the first time in E. annuus, H. helianthoides, and E. epithymoides, expanding the known host range of this economically significant virus in the Bromoviridae family.
