Pain is a common non-motor symptom in parkinsonism, often overlooked despite its significant clinical impact. The most common form is Parkinson's disease (PD), followed by secondary and atypical parkinsonisms such as PSP. Two cases presented with musculoskeletal-spinal pain as the chief complaint: a PD patient with upper back pain that improved after an erector spinae nerve block, and a PSP patient with lumbar facet pain that improved after an intra-articular steroid injection. Pain in parkinsonism can originate from muscles, bones, joints, discs, ligaments, fascia, or nerves, requiring careful evaluation. Both cases demonstrate the effectiveness of pain injection interventions in patients unresponsive to conservative therapy. Appropriate pain assessment and management are crucial to improving the quality of life of parkinsonism patients.
Chronic industrial noise exposure is an occupational health risk that can affect both the auditory and balance systems. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between noise intensity and duration of exposure with hearing function and postural stability among industrial workers. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 35 male workers in an industrial facility in Sumatra. Hearing function was assessed using pure-tone audiometry and DPOAE, while postural stability was evaluated through a series of clinical tests, with instability defined as at least one abnormal result. Workplace noise levels ranged from 85–99 dB, and all subjects had more than 10 years of service. The prevalence of hearing impairment was 42.9%, while postural instability reached 77.1%. Spearman correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between noise intensity or duration of exposure with hearing function and postural stability (p > 0.05), and no association was found between hearing impairment and postural instability (p = 0.147). The high prevalence of both conditions without significant linear correlation may be influenced by the homogeneous range of noise exposure and duration among the study subjects.
This case report describes forensic findings in a young male who died due to complete hanging with a typical suspension point. External examination revealed an incomplete, upward-directed ligature mark with a parchment-like appearance, accompanied by facial petechiae. Internal examination demonstrated hemorrhagic infiltration of the neck muscles and visceral petechiae, consistent with mechanical asphyxia. The absence of defensive injuries and supporting situational evidence indicates suicidal hanging. This report highlights the importance of systematic forensic evaluation in distinguishing suicidal hanging from other manners of death. Hanging is the most frequently encountered method of suicide in forensic practice, with the primary mechanism of death being mechanical asphyxia due to compression of the neck structures. This case involves a female victim of complete hanging with a typical suspension point. External examination revealed an incomplete circular pressure abrasion, dark reddish in color, directed upward forming a “V” shape with a parchment-like texture, accompanied by facial petechiae and cyanosis of the lips and fingertips. Internal examination demonstrated hemorrhagic infiltration of the neck skin and muscles, fine froth difficult to break within the airways, and petechial hemorrhages on the heart, lungs, and liver. Based on these findings, the cause of death was determined to be mechanical asphyxia due to hanging. Careful interpretation of such findings is crucial in establishing the cause of death and differentiating suicide from other possible manners of death.
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) increases the risk of maternal infection and neonatal morbidity. A cross-sectional study at Pertamedika Ummi Rosnati Hospital (July–October 2025) involved 31 pregnant women with PROM. Data included maternal age, leukocyte count, birth weight, gestational age, and infant outcomes (NICU vs. rooming-in). The mean maternal age was 29.5 years, birth weight 2682 g, and leukocyte count 13.3 thousand/μL. Infant birth weight differed significantly between the NICU (2300 g) and rooming-in (2839 g) groups (p=0.001). Preterm gestational age was associated with NICU admission (p=0.003), with 66.7% of preterm infants requiring NICU admission. Birth weight was strongly correlated with Apgar score (r=0.599; p<0.001), while maternal age and leukocyte count were not significant. Analysis indicates that birth weight and gestational age are the main factors in neonatal outcomes in PROM. Close monitoring and clinical management are needed to improve outcomes.
Atopic dermatitis is the number one disease among the top 10 skin diseases affecting children. Abnormal nutritional status can affect the immune system and increase the risk of infection and allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis. This study aimed to determine the association between nutritional status and the occurrence of atopic dermatitis in adolescents. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 204 adolescents aged 10–18 years selected through simple random sampling from medical records at Cengkareng Regional General Hospital. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index-for-age, while the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was obtained from physicians’ medical records. Data analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test with SPSS. The results showed the study subjects had normal nutritional status (50.5%) and atopic dermatitis (38.7%). Atopic dermatitis was more common in the overweight and obese nutritional status groups (54.2% and 54.8%). There was a significant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of atopic dermatitis (p=0.000). Nutritional status was significantly associated with the incidence of atopic dermatitis in adolescents.
The Geriatric Patient Plenary Assessment (P3G) is useful in the management of the elderly, but it is time-consuming, so screening instruments such as the Geriatric 8 (G8) have been developed. Initially designed for cancer patients, the G8 has also been shown to be valid in non-cancer elderly patients, but there have been no studies in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study (August 2023–March 2024) at the Geriatrics Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital involved 80 subjects who underwent P3G and G8. An abnormal P3G was defined as impaired in ≥1 domain (ADL <20, IADL <8, MNA <24, MoCA-INA <26, or GDS >4). The results showed strong reliability (inter-rater kappa 1; intra-rater 0.904; ICC 0.77–1; Cronbach's α 0.697). The G8 had a sensitivity of 70.27% and a specificity of 83.33%, with an AUC of 0.846 (p<0.005). These findings demonstrate good diagnostic performance in identifying elderly individuals requiring a complete P3G. It is concluded that the G8 is valid and reliable as a screening tool for elderly individuals in the general Indonesian population, with good specificity.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease . degenerative musculoskeletal disease , especially between That elderly . Osteoarthritis of the knee is That most common form And is marked by pain , stiffness , and limited range from movement , leading to decrease physique function And quality from This life descriptive cross-sectional study aims to describe That characteristics from knee OA patients at Mohammad Hoesin Regional Hospital , Palembang, including sociodemographic factors , BMI, clinical manifestation , duration diagnosis , comorbidities , treatment , and Compliance . Data obtained . from Be patient interview And medical notes And analyzed using SPSS version 26. Most of the Patients were mostly female (88.5%), had normal BMI (61.5%), and mild symptoms. pain (69.2%), bilateral involvement (73.1%), mild OA value (76.9%), and currently functional ability (46.2%) . The majority have diagnosed For Again compared to One years (92.3%), with NO history trauma (61.5%) or comorbidities (69.2%). TENS and the exercise is most often managed therapy , with Again compared to two treatment modality provided (100.0%) and use of NSAIDs reported in 30.4% of patients . Most of them not using ongoing assistance (96.4%) and did not undergo TKR (96.4%). Treatment obedience is very good , with all patient attend therapy 2–3 times per week . In conclusion , knee OA patients on this hospital is mostly Woman with mild bilateral disease And Good treatment compliance .
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a rare chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by pathogenic IgG autoantibodies and complement activation. Common clinical manifestations include ocular muscle weakness, dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia, limb muscle weakness, generalized skeletal muscle weakness, and respiratory muscle involvement. A 47-year-old female presented with unilateral ptosis, bilateral diplopia, dysphagia, dysphonia, dysarthria, and paresis of both upper and lower extremities. The Myasthenia Gravis Composite Scale (MGCS) score was 31. Electromyography confirmed the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, and laboratory evaluation revealed 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. During hospitalization, the patient received cholinesterase inhibitors, corticosteroids, and vitamin D3 supplementation at 5,000 IU once daily for 9 days. The MGCS score decreased to 19, indicating improved functional capacity. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplementation at a dose of 5,000 IU/day may provide potential clinical benefits, as reflected by a reduction in MGCS score, and may also reduce the future risk of osteoporosis secondary to 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency. However, the clinical improvement observed in this patient was likely also influenced by the concurrent administration of cholinesterase inhibitors and corticosteroids.
Cancer pain is the main symptom experienced by patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors and significantly affects quality of life. A cross-sectional study at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang (March–June 2025) involved 89 patients using consecutive sampling. Data were obtained from medical records and structured interviews. Quality of life was assessed using the EORTC QLQ-30, while pain intensity was assessed using the NPRS. The majority of patients were female (56.2%), aged <60 years (75.3%), with secondary (55.1%) and intracranial (76.4%) tumors. Most experienced mild pain (56.2%) and received non-opioid therapy (70.8%). Results showed a moderate quality of life, with relatively high cognitive function, but pain intensity was negatively correlated with quality of life (r = -0.321; p = 0.002). Severe pain increased the risk of poor quality of life 4.7-fold, while tumor type increased the risk 5.1-fold. These findings confirm that effective pain management, appropriate analgesic selection, and definitive therapy play an important role in improving the quality of life of CNS tumor patients.
Routine blood transfusions performed on thalassemia major patients can cause excessive iron accumulation in the body, which carries the risk of complications. Serum ferritin levels are used to assess body iron stores. This study aims to determine the correlation between transfusion frequency and iron accumulation in patients with thalassemia major. This study used a cross-sectional design with analytical observation. Data was collected by consecutive, non-random sampling from the medical records of 55 patients with thalassemia major aged 5-18 years who underwent blood transfusions at Hermina Jatinegara Hospital from January to December 2023. The independent variable was the frequency of blood transfusions per year, while the dependent variable was the average serum ferritin level, measured three times a year (every 4 months). The data obtained were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. The results of this study found that the frequency of blood transfusions in thalassemia major patients over 1 year was 15 per year (based on the median). The average serum ferritin level was 3957.73 ng/mL (based on the median value). Spearman's correlation test showed a weak correlation between blood transfusion frequency and ferritin levels (r = 0.292; p = 0.031). The study concluded that increased blood transfusion frequency was associated with higher blood iron levels, but the correlation was weak.
Apolipoproteins are structural components of plasma lipoproteins that involved in lipoprotein metabolism and lipid transport, reflect the number of circulating atherogenic particles. This study aims to investigate the correlation between serum apolipoprotein B levels and the degree of coronary artery stenosis in patients with chronic coronary syndrome. A cross-sectional study design was used, involving 34 patients selected from a total population of 69 individuals. Data were collected from July 2024 to September 2024. The results showed that most respondents had elevated apolipoprotein B levels, with a mean value of 141.41 ± 25.06 mg/dL, and SYNTAX score of ≥ 23, with a mean value of 24.09 ± 2.69. Pearson’s correlation test indicated a significant relationship between apolipoprotein B levels and SYNTAX scores (p = 0.029, r = 0.376). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant p-value for apolipoprotein B (p = 0.017) with a positive regression coefficient.
Hipertensi adalah masalah kesehatan global dengan prevalensi tinggi dan risiko komplikasi serius, terutama pada lansia (34,1% di Indonesia). Penelitian cross-sectional pada 382 lansia hipertensi di Puskesmas Grogol menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan dengan self-management. Instrumen penelitian valid dan reliabel (Alpha Cronbach 0,807 untuk pengetahuan; 0,817 untuk self-management). Hasil menunjukkan pengetahuan baik 16,2%, cukup 51,0%, kurang 32,7%; sedangkan self-management baik 4,7%, cukup 77,2%, buruk 18,1%. Uji Chi-Square menemukan hubungan signifikan (χ² = 40,251; p = 0,001) dengan kekuatan lemah–sedang (Cramer's V = 0,229). Temuan menegaskan perlunya edukasi kesehatan berkelanjutan dan dukungan keluarga maupun tenaga kesehatan agar pengelolaan hipertensi pada lansia lebih optimal dan kualitas hidup meningkat.
Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN) is a persistent neuropathic pain following Herpes Zoster, particularly in the elderly. A case is reported of a 70-year-old man with PHN two months after HZ, experiencing burning and throbbing pain in the right T11–12 thoracic dermatomes with a pain scale of 8/10, paroxysmal in nature up to 10 times/day, triggered by touch, and disturbing sleep. The pain was unresponsive to gabapentin 1,800 mg/day and amitriptyline 12.5 mg/day. Two perineural injections of 5% dextrose reduced the pain to 6/10. At week 13, an ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block was performed at the T12 level using 2% lidocaine (10 mL) and dexamethasone 5 mg, which rapidly reduced the pain from 6/10 to 0/10, with sustained improvement and discontinuation of medication. No complications were found. This case shows the erector spinae plane block as a safe, minimally invasive, and effective rescue therapy for refractory PHN.
Pain is the most common symptom experienced by approximately 66% of patients with advanced, metastatic, or terminal cancer. Splanchnic nerve block with neurolytics can help reduce pain and is indicated for treating pain caused by malignant tumors in the retroperitoneum and upper abdomen. This systematic review used data from electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and EPMC) to identify studies published in English between 2015 and 2025; five studies were included for review. Neurolytics with alcohol concentrations between 50% and 99.7% and injection volumes from 5 mL to >20 mL consistently provided significant pain reduction in patients with intra-abdominal pain due to cancer in the first three months. The potential for reducing opioid use and various techniques make splanchnic nerve neurolytics one of the therapeutic options in palliative pain management.
Tonsillitis is a common upper respiratory tract infection in children and adolescents. Although most cases are caused by viruses, antibiotics are still frequently prescribed. The McIsaac score is used to estimate the likelihood of group A Streptococcus infection and to support rational antibiotic use, but its application in clinical practice remains variable. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the McIsaac score and antibiotic use in tonsillitis patients. This analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design used retrospective medical record data from RSUD K.R.M.T. Wongsonegoro Semarang from January 2020 to December 2025, with a sample of 97 patients. Most patients were in the moderate McIsaac score category (83.5%). Antibiotics were prescribed in 48.5% of cases, while 45.7% fell into the moderate category. Fisher–Freeman–Halton test results showed no significant relationship between the McIsaac score and antibiotic use (p=0.314). These findings indicate that antibiotic use has not been fully based on McIsaac score assessment, highlighting the need to strengthen the implementation of antibiotic stewardship in clinical practice.
Helminth infections remain a significant public health problem, particularly in areas with limited sanitation. The success of deworming programs is strongly influenced by community behavior, which is partly determined by the level of knowledge. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between knowledge of helminth infections and deworming medication-taking behavior among residents of Gasing Village, Banyuasin. This study employed an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach involving 44 respondents selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. The results were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses, with the Chi-square test applied to assess the association between variables. The findings showed that 40,9% of respondents had a good level of knowledge regarding helminth infections, and 68,2% demonstrated good deworming medication-taking behavior. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between knowledge of helminth infections and deworming medication-taking behavior (p=0.001). Strengthening community health education is necessary to improve adherence to deworming medication, thereby supporting helminth infection control programs.
Hypertension is a global health problem with high prevalence and serious complication risks. The elderly are a vulnerable group, with a prevalence of hypertension reaching 34.1% in the Indonesian elderly population. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge levels and self-management in elderly people with hypertension in the Grogol Community Health Center area. The study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 382 elderly people with hypertension aged ≥ 60 years selected through cluster random sampling. The research instruments had been tested for validity (Pearson Product Moment) and reliability (Cronbach's Alpha 0.807 for knowledge; 0.817 for self-management). The results showed the distribution of knowledge levels: good 16.2%, adequate 51.0%, poor 32.7%; and self-management: good 4.7%, adequate 77.2%, poor 18.1%. The Chi-Square test showed a significant relationship between knowledge and self-management (χ² = 40.251; p = 0.001) with a weak to moderate strength of relationship (Cramer's V = 0.229). These findings indicate that health education needs to be strengthened so that hypertension management can be more optimal.
The duration of breastfeeding determines the success of exclusive breastfeeding in mothers after giving birth. Emotional support from fathers and the temperament of babies can be factors that cause the cessation of breastfeeding. This study aims to analyze the relationship between emotional support from fathers and the temperament of babies with the duration of breastfeeding. This is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used accidental sampling with a total of 55 mothers in the eight-week postpartum period. This study was conducted during December-January 2026 at the Bogor Timur Community Health Center. The research instruments were the Partner Breastfeeding Influence Scale (PBIS), Infant Characteristic Questionnaire (ICQ), and breastfeeding duration questionnaire. Univariate data analysis used frequency distribution and bivariate analysis used the chi-square test. The results showed that the father's emotional support was in the low category (54.4%), the infant's temperament was easy (50.9%), and the duration of breastfeeding was less than 1 month (54.5%). Paternal emotional support and infant temperament were significantly associated with infant breastfeeding duration (p=0.000 and p=0.001 <0.05). During the breastfeeding period, mothers need paternal emotional support and a more stable infant temperament.
Hepatitis B is a major global health problem that is deadly, with the risk of transmission being through blood. Therefore, blood safety efforts are carried out by screening for Transfusion-Transmitted Infections (TTI). This study aims to analyze the relationship between occupational type and reactive TTI screening results for HBsAg in donors at the Indonesian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Unit in Makassar City in 2022–2023. This study used a cross-sectional analytical descriptive design utilizing secondary data from 665 voluntary donors whose TTI screening results were reactive to HBsAg at the Indonesian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Unit in Makassar City in the period 2022–2023. Data analysis to examine the relationship between occupational variables and reactive TTI results was performed using the Chi-Square Test. The results showed a significant relationship between occupation and reactive TTI results of HBsAg donors with a p-value of 0.018 (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that occupational type may act as a risk factor for possible exposure to or infection with the hepatitis B virus.
Lymphatic filariasis remains a public health challenge in tropical wetland ecosystems, where mosquito resting ecology is still poorly understood despite its importance for vector survival and control effectiveness. This study analyzed resting behavior, species composition, and spatial heterogeneity across four endemic villages in Banyuasin, Indonesia. A total of 2,752 mosquitoes representing 26 species were collected, dominated by Mansonia uniformis, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex vishnui, and Mansonia annulifera, accounting for over 70% of individuals. Spatial patterns revealed that vegetation-rich wetlands favored Mansonia, while agricultural landscapes supported Culex species. Most dominant species exhibited exophilic resting behavior, whereas Culex quinquefasciatus showed more endophilic tendencies. Peak resting activity occurred between 19:00 and 22:00. Although no infective filarial larvae were detected, the high abundance of competent vectors suggests continued transmission potential. These findings highlight the importance of integrating resting ecology and landscape heterogeneity into comprehensive vector surveillance and control strategies.
