Background: Child marriage remains a global reproductive health concern, placing adolescents at high risk of early pregnancy and obstetric complications. The selection of effective and cost-efficient contraceptive methods is essential to prevent unintended pregnancies. This study aimed to identify and compare scientific evidence on the cost-effectiveness of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) versus short-acting reversible contraception (SARC) among married adolescents. Subjects and Method: This study was a systematic review guided by the PRISMA 2020 statement, employing the PICO framework. The population comprised married adolescents aged 10–19 years; the intervention included long-acting reversible contraceptives (IUDs and implants); the comparison involved short-acting reversible contraceptives (oral pills, injectables, and condoms); and the outcome focused on economic evaluation in health care. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using MeSH-based keywords and Boolean operators. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were screened using Rayyan, and their quality was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. Data were narratively synthesized based on parameters of cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, cost-benefit, Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER), Average Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ACER), and Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY). Results: Of the 471 articles identified, six met the inclusion criteria. Most studies employed Markov or decision tree models. The findings consistently indicated that LARC methods were more cost-saving compared to SARC. In Indonesia, IUDs had an ICER of USD 0.84 per pregnancy averted, compared to USD 3.76 for oral pills and USD 5.18 for injectables. In India, the etonogestrel implant achieved an Incremental Cost-Utility Ratio (ICUR) of USD 232 per QALY, well below the national willingness-to-pay threshold. In Kenya, the lowest cost per couple-year of protection was reported for IUDs at USD 4.87. Overall, LARC was shown to prevent more unintended pregnancies at a lower cost compared to SARC. Conclusion: Long-acting reversible contraceptives are more cost-effective than short-acting methods among married adolescents, supporting their prioritization in family planning policies to improve access and utilization.
Background: Anemia is a major public health issue in Indonesia, contributing to pregnancy complications and adverse maternal and infant outcomes. However, limited research has explored preconceptional anemia among premarital women. Objective: To determine the prevalence of anemia and to examine its relationship with nutritional status among premarital women. Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from premarital health examinations conducted at a Community Health Center in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, throughout 2023. Six hundred women were included. The data were processed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of anemia among premarital women was 24.3%, which was higher than the national prevalence of 22.3%. Most participants were 20-35 years old and had normal body mass index (BMI). The highest prevalence of anemia occurred among women with normal BMI (30.4%), followed by underweight (27.3%) and overweight (17.3%). Statistical analysis indicated a significant association between nutritional status and anemia (p = 0.011). Conclusion: Nutritional status significantly affects anemia risk among premarital women. Normal BMI does not always reflect adequate micronutrient intake. Strengthening preconception services through routine anemia screening, iron folic acid supplementation, and nutrition education is crucial to improve maternal health outcomes.
The Indonesian Child Protection Commission in 2022, stated that 96% of children aged 10-17 years in Indonesia had opened negative content (pornography) with an average of 64 hours of use per month for 4,500 junior and senior high school students. The increasing interest of adolescents in sexual issues encourages them to seek information about sexuality through various media. This study aimed to examine the association between the extent of social media use and adolescents’ involvement in risky sexual behaviors. The population in this study were all eight grade students, with a sampling technique using purposive sampling with a total of 82 people based on the inclusion criteria, namely adolescents who actively use social media and are willing to be research respondents. Data collection was carried out using a closed questionnaire consisting of two parts, namely a social media use questionnaire and a questionnaire on risky sexual behavior in adolescents. The research instrument was prepared by the researcher based on relevant theories and tested for validity and reliability using the Cohen's Kappa test. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square test to determine the relationship between social media use and risky sexual behavior in adolescents .The results showed that social media use was in the low category of 49 people (59.8%) and risky sexual behavior in the medium category of 64 people (78%). Statistical tests showed that there was a relationship between social media use and risky sexual behavior in adolescents with a p value of 0.000 (p<0.05). There is a relationship between social media use and risky sexual behavior in adolescents. Adolescents are expected to be able to use social media wisely and avoid pornographic content.
Adolescent girls are vulnerable to vaginal discharge (leukorrhea) due to hormonal changes and lack of understanding of reproductive health. Pathological leukorrhea often causes discomfort such as itching, unpleasant odor, and changes in the color of the discharge. According to WHO (2021), about 75% of women in Indonesia have experienced leukorrhea, and 45% have had it more than once. In West Kalimantan, the prevalence reaches 50%. Education using attractive media such as e-booklets and animated story videos can be an enjoyable and effective solution. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of e-booklets and animated story videos in increasing adolescent girls' knowledge about herbal interventions for leukorrhea. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest-posttest approach. Samples were selected using proportional random sampling, and data were collected through questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups (p = < 0,001 ), with a higher increase in knowledge among participants who received education through animated story videos compared to e-booklets. Conclusion: Animated story videos are more effective than e-booklets in increasing adolescent girls’ knowledge about herbal ingredients for managing leukorrhea.
Perceived insufficient breast milk is one of the most commonly reported challenges to achieving exclusive breastfeeding and is frequently influenced by psychological, emotional, and support-related factors rather than actual physiological milk insufficiency. Acupressure has increasingly been explored as a complementary, non-pharmacological approach to support maternal comfort and breastfeeding confidence. This study aimed to analyze the effect of acupressure on breast milk adequacy scores using validated lactation indicators among breastfeeding mothers in the working area of Tanjung Bingkung Public Health Center, Solok Regency, in 2024. A pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was used, involving 30 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Breast milk adequacy was measured using a validated Breast Milk Adequacy Questionnaire combined with infant adequacy indicators, including feeding frequency, wet diaper count, and weekly weight gain. Scores ranged from low (0–1), moderate (2–3), to adequate production (≥4). Data were collected before and after a seven-day acupressure intervention and analyzed using a paired t-test. The mean breast milk adequacy score increased from 1.27 (SD 1.20) before the intervention to 2.50 (SD 0.73) afterward, representing an approximate 96.8% improvement from baseline. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p = 0.000). These findings suggest a potential supportive role of acupressure in improving perceived lactation adequacy among breastfeeding mothers. However, given the absence of a control group and the use of subjective measurement tools, further studies particularly randomized controlled trials are required to confirm causality and clarify the mechanisms involved.
Exclusive breastfeeding is the fulfillment of nutrition given to infants aged 0 to 6 months. The coverage of Exclusive Breastfeeding at Tigo Baleh Community Health Center is 56.5%. The cause of the problem that often occurs is that mothers do not have the ability to breastfeed properly. The impact on babies who are not breastfed will be susceptible to health problems. One of the supporting media for mothers to understand breastfeeding techniques is by using pocket books. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of providing pocket books on skills in postpartum mothers in the Tigo Baleh Community Health Center Working Area, Bukittinggi City in 2024. This research method is quantitative. using a quasi-experimental design with two groups, namely pretest and posttest with a sample of 32 postpartum women and breastfeeding mothers. The sample of postpartum women with a total sample of 32 people consisting of 16 intervention groups and 16 control groups with purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were questionnaires and checklists. Research data processing uses SPSS with Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney. The study results showed a difference in pretest-posttest skill scores of 0.000 (p<0.05) in the intervention group, while there was no difference in results in the control group, with a result of 0.002 (p>0.05). The conclusion of this study is that providing a pocket book has an effect on breastfeeding knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy among postpartum mothers in the Tigo Baleh Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area in Bukittinggi City. It is hoped that the study site can utilize the pocket book in providing education to postpartum and breastfeeding mothers to improve breastfeeding skills.
Significant mental health issues in postpartum mothers have an impact on both mothers and child development. Limited access to services and social stigma hinder treatment. Mental health-based mobile applications have emerged as a potential alternative intervention. The objective of the research was to analyze the effectiveness of mobile applications in reducing postpartum depression symptoms and the factors contributing to their success. A systematic review following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted, searching PubMed, Wiley, ProQuest, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2020 and 2025. Ten quantitative and qualitative articles were analyzed. Apps using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and telecounseling approaches were effective in reducing postpartum depression symptoms. Success was influenced by user-friendly design, social support, cultural sensitivity, and integration with healthcare services. Barriers included low digital literacy, stigma, and privacy concerns. Mobile apps have the potential to be an effective and affordable solution. In Indonesia, development should prioritize scientific evidence, ease of use, and integration with primary healthcare services.
Background: Unhealthy weight gain during pregnancy can result in adverse outcomes for both mother and baby. Globally, there are 6,400 neonatal and 800 maternal deaths every day. To reduce maternal and neonatal mortality rates, it is imperative to enhance the health condition by effectively regulating weight gain throughout pregnancy. Objective: This study aimed to identify scientific evidence on managing maternal weight gain during pregnancy. Methods: This scoping review used the five steps outlined by Arksey and O'Malley and adhered to the Prisma-ScR checklist. This study used the population, concept, and context (PCC) framework. The article searches used EBSCO, Science Direct, and PubMed databases. The inclusion criteria applied were original studies written in English published from 2018 to 2023, full-text articles, and articles that discussed maternal weight gain management during pregnancy. The exclusion criteria applied were review articles and articles with research data collected before 2013. The critical appraisal tools used were the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and Mix Methods Appraisal Tools (MMAT). Results: Based on this review, the authors identified that behavioral change interventions were crucial as a foundation for more extensive interventions to achieve standard maternal weight gain during pregnancy. Several interventions for managing weight gain during pregnancy include setting weight gain goals, daily weighing, exercise, counseling on healthy lifestyle, multi-interventions, and a combination of technologies. Conclusion: Behavior modification and some interventions can enhance success in achieving the standard weight gain during pregnancy. Integrating weight management into routine antenatal care is essential for strengthening maternal and fetal health.
Enhancing reproductive health knowledge among adolescents is crucial to prevent unwanted pregnancies. This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of the "Reproductive Health Pillow T-Shirt GIRL" educational media using the Research and Development (R&D) method. This interactive media was designed in collaboration with professional fashion designers and media experts. A quasi-experimental study with a control group was conducted involving 98 adolescent girls aged 13–15 years in junior high schools in Jakarta. The intervention group utilized the "Pillow T-Shirt," while the control group received lectures using audiovisual aids. Results demonstrated a significant increase in knowledge among the intervention group compared to the control group. This media shows promise as a standard educational tool for reproductive health in schools.
Background:Maternal-fetal attachment (MFA) refers to the emotional bond or attachment that a mother has with her unborn child during pregnancy. Health behavior during pregnancy includes nutrition, personal hygiene, clothing, and stress management. Health in pregnant women to get a healthy mother and child is done while the mother is pregnant. Objective: to map the existing evidence on maternal-fetal attachment and healthy living behavior during pregnancy with a scoping review approach. Methods: using databases namely Pubmed, Science Direct, Wiley, EBSCO published between 2014-2023. Result: there are 580 articles obtained from several databases, then filtered into 4 relevant articles. Obtained from several countries, namely, Finland 1 article, America 1 article, Iran 1 article, and Rhode Island with a total of q articles. Of the 4 articles, 2 articles were obtained that used a cross-sectional design, namely in articles A3 and A4, then for articles with a cohort-study design, namely A1, while articles that used qualitative research were A2. Conclusion: there are several influences of maternal-fetal attachment for healthy behavior during pregnancy. Some health practices that can support pregnant women are avoiding alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, exercising, conducting regular pregnancy checks.
Postpartum depression represents preventable challenges and has a significant impact on both mother and baby. Depression affects over ten percent of individuals during the perinatal period. The prevalence of reported cases of postpartum depression statistically appears low, but in reality there are still cases in the community. The cause of the high obstacle is that many midwives have not been able to apply due to lack of knowledge and skills in using EPDS. This study aims to determine the effect of postpartum depression screening training using EPDS on the knowledge and skills of midwives in detecting postpartum depression. Pre-experimental research type and one group pretest posttest design. The population was all midwives at Genteng Hospital as many as 31 midwives with sampling using total sampling. Analysis of the data was performed using SPSS for Windows (Version 25), employing the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and multiple logistic regression. The analysis yielded a significant increase in knowledge scores, with a mean difference of 38.71 and skills by 88.533 after training. Multivariate results showed that age, education, nursing field, did not affect knowledge and skills, while length of work did not affect knowledge but affected skills by 14, 107 times. Midwives can be more proactive in screening for postpartum depression using EPDS as an early prevention step, so as to identify the risk of postpartum depression more precisely.
This study outlines the development and evaluation of Breastfeeding Flashcards (BFC) as a tool to support breastfeeding education for pregnant and postpartum mothers. The flashcards are intended for use by midwives, healthcare professionals, and community health workers or cadres. The development process followed the ADDIE model, which includes five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The BFC development process involved information gathering, storyboard creation, color coding, and card printing. The content and design were validated through consultations with breastfeeding and media experts. The flashcards were then pre-tested with mothers and community health cadres to assess their usability and effectiveness. Post-implementation surveys and interviews revealed significant improvements in cadres’ knowledge, as confirmed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Cadres were able to effectively deliver breastfeeding education using BFC. Feedback from mothers, cadres, and midwives was highly positive. Cadres found the flashcards easy to use, citing the clear information, supportive images, and brief explanations on the back as helpful for communication. They expressed strong willingness to continue using the tool. Mothers appreciated the support from cadres and found the education beneficial. Overall, BFC proved to be an effective tool in supporting cadres’ breastfeeding education efforts. The involvement of trained cadres in delivering breastfeeding education is crucial for the successful integration of strategies aimed at improving breastfeeding practices and increasing breastfeeding coverage. Additionally, the BFC has potential for broader use, including by other health professionals and as an educational resource in health training programs.
High-risk pregnancy is a critical public health concern associated with increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing regions such as Banyuwangi, Indonesia. The Kalibaru area reported the highest number of pregnant women with complications in 2024. This study aims to examine the relationship between high-risk pregnancy status and mode of delivery in Kalibaru, addressing a gap in literature regarding their association. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from 762 postpartum mothers in Kalibaru. A total of 262 samples were selected using Slovin’s formula with a 5% margin of error and simple random sampling. Eligibility criteria included complete medical records from women who delivered in Kalibaru in 2024. Data were anonymized and analyzed using the Chi-Square test to determine the association between high-risk pregnancy status (categorized as high-risk or not) and delivery method (vaginal or cesarean section).Among the 262 respondents, 198 (75.6%) had high-risk pregnancies and delivered via cesarean section (CS), while 64 (24.4%) had spontaneous vaginal births. The Chi-Square test showed a statistically significant association between high-risk pregnancy and cesarean delivery (p = 0.000). Odds ratio analysis revealed that high-risk pregnant women were 63.68 times more likely to undergo cesarean section (OR = 63.677; 95% CI: 9.108–445.161) compared to non-high-risk women. Key risk factors contributing to the increased likelihood of cesarean delivery included maternal age <20 or >35 years, height ≤145 cm, low parity, and prior cesarean history. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and comprehensive risk assessment during antenatal care to reduce medically unnecessary cesarean sections. Implementation of routine pregnancy risk screening using tools such as the Poedji Rochyati Scorecard (KSPR), along with strengthening referral systems and public education, is essential for improving maternal outcomes in high-risk pregnancies.
Background: The increase in the number of global caesarean sections highlights the importance of understanding the postoperative pain experience as well as the factors that influence patient experience after this procedureObjectives: The aim of this scoping review was to identify the best evidence of pain experience in post-sectio caesarean mothers, evaluate the factors that influence patients' experiences of pain after caesarean sections, and identify barriers to dealing with postoperative pain.Methods: Databases were searched from 2019 to 2023 from various databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley. As well as using search engines such as Google Scholar and Research Rabbit and selecting them using Mendeley assistance. Critical appraisal and data charting are adopted from the JBI checklist, including cross-sectional, cohort, RCT, and quasi-experimental JBI. Of the 870 articles identified, only nine met the criteria.Results: The results of this review identified three themes, including supporting and inhibiting factors for pain management efforts, the implications of post-sectio cesarean pain, and patient characteristics.Conclusions: Health professionals are advised to implement holistic, evidence-based post-cesarean pain management by combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods, supported by improved preoperative education and strict monitoring of analgesic use. An individualized approach and further follow-up studies are essential to optimize maternal recovery and long-term quality of life.
An unpleasant childhood experience for a mother can be a risk factor that negatively impacts both the mother herself and her offspring. This review highlights the complexity and significant impact of childhood trauma on the maternal-fetal attachment relationship, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach in supporting maternal well-being and the positive development of the baby being conceived. The objectives of this review were (1) to identify the factors that affect the maternal-fetal attachment relationship, (2) to find out the relationship between childhood trauma in mothers and maternal-fetal attachment, (3) to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors of childhood trauma that affect maternal-fetal attachment. The databases used in the search literature include Ebsco, Willey, PubMed, and ScienceDirect with articles from 2019 to 2023.The databases used in the search for lie tarur include Ebsco, Willey, PubMed, and ScienceDirect with articles from 2019 to 2023. Critical appraisal uses JBI's checklist, which includes all articles in category A. Seven articles are included in the inclusion criteria. The four themes obtained were the influence of the emotional environment on maternal-fetal attachment, sociodemographic characteristics, the relationship between maternal-fetal attachment and postnatal development, and the measurement of the relationship between prenatal, depression, and anxiety in mothers. The conclusion of this review is that maternal attachment during pregnancy plays an important role in predicting a child's emotional health and development, which emphasizes the need for holistic mental health care and adequate social support to reduce the negative impact of childhood trauma.
Implementation of early initiation of breastfeeding (IMD) is the act of giving breast milk to babies within one hour after birth. In postpartum mothers, there are various factors that influence the implementation of IMD, such as the level of knowledge, education and support from the surrounding environment. A deeper understanding of these factors is essential to improve IMD implementation and promote optimal breastfeeding practices. To map evidence related to factors that influence the implementation of IMD in postpartum mothers. This type of research, namely Scoping Review, refers to the steps of Arksey and O'maley, the framework used is PEOS, the articles selected are articles from 2019 to 2023, articles in English and Indonesian and articles that focus on the factors that influence implementation Early initiation of breastfeeding, in selecting articles using the Prisma Flow Chart Checklist, data sources from journals were accessed via the Pubmed, Wiley, and Google Scholar databases with the keywords (influencing factors) AND (early initiation of breastfeeding) which resulted in 295 journals, after going through several stage obtained 5 journals. This research carried out a Critichal Appraisal according to the design in the research journal, namely cross-sectional Critical Appraisal. Based on 295 selected journals, only 5 articles were reviewed based on the inclusion criteria, Early Breastfeeding Initiation Has Various Factors that Influence the Success of Early Breastfeeding Initiation, namely Knowledge, Education, Attitude and Family Support. It is expected that this scope review will include further tracing of accessible databases to support this.
The prevalence of adolescents doing BSE in Indonesia is still low at 46.3%. This is because young women are still unfamiliar with BSE. Based on this, peer education needs to be implemented to increase teenagers' knowledge and skills related to BSE through peers. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of peer education in improving adolescents' knowledge and skills regarding breast self-examination. This research uses a Quasi-experimental method with a control group design. The research respondents were 36 teenagers who were divided into 18 intervention groups and 18 controls. The sampling method used is Simple Random Sampling. Respondents in the intervention group were given peer education related to BSE with the help of modules. Research data processing uses SPSS with Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney. This research has been declared ethically appropriate for research with number 030/EC-KEPK FKIK UMY/I/2024. The results of the study showed that there was a difference in pretest-posttest knowledge scores of 0.014 (p<0.05) in the intervention group and there was no difference in results in the control group with a result of 0.257 (p>0.05). Differences in pretest-posttest skill scores occurred in the intervention and control groups with sequential results of 0.001 (p<0.05), and 0.014 (p<0.05). The comparison of posttest knowledge and skills scores between the intervention and control groups respectively was 0.001 and 0.003 (p<0.05). Based on the result peer education is effective in improving teenagers' knowledge and skills related to BSE so that it can be used as an educational method related to BSE.
Babies born with low birth weight (LBW) are more vulnerable to health issues and are a leading cause of neonatal death. Globally, cases of low birth weight in the world reach 15.5%, with 90% of them occurring in developing countries. The aim of the review was to identify evidence regarding the effectiveness of baby massage in increasing baby weight. This Scoping Review was referring to the steps taken by Arksey and O'maley, the articles included published from 2018 to 2023, in English and Indonesian and focus on baby weight gain, in the The data source from journals were accessed via the Pubmed, Wiley, and Google Scholar databases. 103 journals were filtered, 96 journals were excluded, 7 articles were taken based on title and abstract, 7 journals were assessed for eligibility, 2 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the journal was included in the review 5 who meet the requirements. This research carried out Critical Appraisal according to the design in the research journal, namely Critichal Appraisal Randomized Control Trial and Critichal Appraisal Quasi Experiment. A scoping review of 5 journals regarding the effectiveness of baby massage in increasing baby weight identified the main research theme, namely giving massage to babies, factors that influence baby massage and obstacles to carrying out baby massage. Based on the results of the four journals it can be concluded that baby massage is effective. in baby weight gain.
The level of exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia has still not reached the expected target. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2019 the average rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the world was around 38%. This is far above the target of 50%. The causes of low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding are influenced by lack of awareness of the importance of breastfeeding, lack of maternal self-confidence, and low knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and babies. The research aims to describe and compare breastfeeding assessment instruments which include assessing mothers' attitudes, knowledge and beliefs in exclusive breastfeeding. The method used in this review is identification based on keywords, screening titles and abstracts, and selecting based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The total of 10 articles were reviewed. According to 10 articles, 7 instruments were obtained, such as NeoEAT-Breastfeeding and IIFAS, which are effective in assessing the attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs of breastfeeding mothers. Overall, the instruments mentioned above can be used by healthcare workers to assess a mother's ability to breastfeed, with the note that validation and adaptation of the instrument into the national language are required.
Public lactation rooms in popular tourist destinations continue to fall short of the Indonesian government's basic guidelines. Thus, we developed the first portable lactation pod in Indonesia, focusing on user demands. This study employed the design thinking method, combined with qualitative research and quality improvement techniques that focus on user needs. Thirty participants were interviewed on different days, Saturday and Sunday, in the first week of July, with each interview lasting 30 minutes. The interview was only conducted at the "empathize" and "testing" stages. From July to September 2023, the stages of "empathize," "define," "ideate," "prototype," and “test” were completed. Four themes were found during the development process of the newest generation of the portable lactation pod, "Ruang Sehati.” These themes are the essential elements lactating mothers and their babies need at the portable lactation pods in tourist destinations: functional, natural, aesthetic, and educational elements. The harmonization of architectural art, tourism, and health would enable us to bring this innovation to build a national pilot initiative that promotes wellness tourism in Yogyakarta.
