Research Question (RQ): This study addresses how content marketing can be clearly defined and applied, particularly for organizations that are in the early stages of adoption or have not yet implemented it, with emphasis on its key elements, interaction with consumers, and its influence on consumer purchase decision-making. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to examine the influence of content marketing on consumer purchase decisions. The aim of the research was to highlight the importance of content marketing in terms of strategic marketing planning and its impact on achieving effective and competitive marketing organizations. Method: The research is based on a primary empirical quantitative approach. It was conducted on a sample of 128 students and younger employed persons from the city of Zagreb. Various scientific research methods were used, including analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization, generalization and specialization, inductive and deductive methods, classification, description, and statistical methods. For hypothesis testing, univariate and bivariate analyses were applied, particularly correlation and regression analysis. Results: The research results showed a statistically significant and positive influence of content marketing on consumer purchase decisions (p < 0.001). Regression analysis confirmed the predictive ability of content marketing in shaping purchase decisions, which also confirmed the research hypothesis. Organization: The findings of the research have important practical implications for managers and marketing experts, as they show that content marketing is an effective strategy for increasing company performance, creating greater value for consumers, and achieving competitive advantage in the market. Society: The research highlights the role of digital communities and viral communication in shaping new social dynamics that extend beyond individual consumer behavior to broader societal interactions. Originality: The originality of the research lies in the development of a simple research model for examining the influence of content marketing on purchase decisions. The study contributes to the understanding of this relatively new field and opens possibilities for the further development of this research domain. Limitations / Further Research: The study is limited by a relatively small sample size and cross-sectional design, which restricts generalization and longitudinal analysis. Future research should include larger samples and longitudinal approaches.
Research Question (RQ): This article discusses aspects of trade secret protection from a circular economy perspective. It focuses on three research questions: (1) how firms manage the tensions between information sharing and the protection of key knowledge, (2) what are the key economic factors and methods by which firms assess the benefits and risks of knowledge disclosure, and (3) what strategies firms use to economically manage the risks associated with trade secret protection. Purpose: The aim is to explore the economic dimensions of trade secret protection in a circular economy. The focus is on the tensions between collaboration and knowledge protection, the economic factors that guide disclosure decisions, and risk management strategies. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The analysis included peer-reviewed articles published in the years 2016-2025, in English, in the fields of environmental science, sustainability, business sciences and economics. After a multi-stage selection process, 35 articles were included in the final analysis. Results: The analysis shows that tensions between knowledge protection and sharing are widespread and are reflected in dilemmas between short-term competitiveness and long-term sustainability. Economic factors and valuation methods are diverse. Companies use traditional financial indicators to assess decisions: return on investment and economic value added. In practice, they are complemented by sustainability valuation approaches, e.g. life cycle analysis, environmental accounting and measuring consumers' willingness to pay. Risk management strategies are based on a combination of formal mechanisms, dominated by contracts and licenses, informal approaches involving trust and ethical commitments, and technological solutions, such as digital traceability and blockchain. The effectiveness of these strategies is closely linked to institutional incentives that reduce risks and encourage cooperation. Organization: The findings offer guidance to business leaders for a balanced management of knowledge protection in circular business models. The research highlights the importance of systematically evaluating the economic benefits and risks of information disclosure and establishing appropriate mechanisms to reduce the uncertainty of collaboration. Society: It is important to emphasize institutional mechanisms to support secure knowledge exchange, which has broader implications for sustainable development, as it enables more efficient use of resources, reduced environmental impacts, and greater corporate responsibility towards society and the environment. Originality: Businesses often direct economic decisions towards maximizing private benefits, which limits the potential for the transformative effects of circularity. Sustainable transformation requires institutional mechanisms that reduce the costs of cooperation and increase the security of knowledge exchange. Limitations / further research: The research is limited to peer-reviewed articles in English published between 2016 and 2025 and indexed in two databases, and the analysis is based on secondary sources. Further research could include in-depth case studies, cross-country comparative analyses, and empirical testing of the impact of institutional mechanisms on firms' willingness to share and protect knowledge in circular business models.
Research Question (RQ): What are the underlying philosophical assumptions shaping current perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI) as a mere tool, and how do these assumptions influence our understanding of AI’s growing agency and its potential impact on the future of work? Purpose: The paper aims to critically examine the widespread assumption that AI systems remain passive instruments entirely under human control. It explores how emerging forms of AI agency—understood as autonomous or semi-autonomous decision-making capacities—challenge this notion and what implications this shift entails for human labour, ethics, and social stability. Methods: The study adopts a philosophical and conceptual methodology grounded in the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of science. It draws on classical thought experiments (Searle’s Chinese Room, Jackson’s Mary, Penrose’s arguments on non-algorithmic consciousness) and integrates recent interdisciplinary debates on AI agency, autonomy, and consciousness. The analysis is based on a critical literature review combining philosophical, technological, and socio-political sources. Results: Findings indicate that the assumption of AI as a “dumb tool” no longer holds. Evidence of growing AI autonomy demonstrates that decision-making processes once reserved for humans are increasingly being delegated to machines. This outsourcing of human agency risks creating social and ethical blind spots, potentially leading to unequal labour transformations and governance challenges. However, a managed transition toward human–AI cooperation could foster innovation and inclusion if grounded in ethical oversight and policy regulation. Organization: For organizations, the study highlights the need to anticipate shifts in work structures and decision-making processes caused by AI systems with growing agency. It encourages managers and policymakers to design governance frameworks that maintain human oversight while enabling responsible collaboration with AI. Society: At the societal level, the research underlines the urgency of open policy debates and ethical reflection on AI regulation. Addressing the implications of AI autonomy is essential to preserve human agency, democratic accountability, and social justice in the digital era. Originality: The article contributes to bridging philosophical inquiry and socio-technical analysis by reframing AI not merely as a technological tool but as an emerging actor in human decision-making systems. It advances the concept of “AI agency” as a key lens for understanding the transformation of work. Limitations / Further research: The study is conceptual and does not include empirical data. Future research should investigate how organizations and workers experience AI agency in practice, possibly through ethnographic or organizational case studies, and explore policy instruments capable of mitigating risks related to automation and technocratic governance.
Background and Originality: The project triangle, also named as the triple constraint, iron triangle, golden triangle, and agile triangle, is a central concept in project management research and practice that represents the relationship between key performance measures. However, there is disagreement about which criteria should be represented at the vertices of this triangle. The purpose of this paper is to explore which concepts are part of the project triangle and how these concepts have changed over time. Our purpose is to conduct a systematic review of scientific articles dealing with the topic of the project triangle and its elements (time, cost and scope). We want to demonstrate that there is a theoretical gap in the classical theory of the project triangle and that the elements of the project triangle are ultimately reflected in successful project management. Addressing this topic will contribute to eliminating or at least reducing the perceived theoretical research gap, or confusion regarding the positioning of the elements of the project triangle and the connection of these elements to the success of projects. Method: A systematic review of the scientific literature will be conducted using publicly available databases, namely "iron triangle", "triple constraint”, “project performance" and "success factors" as search terms. Scientific articles and doctoral/master's theses were searched in the databases Academia.edu, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Elsevier/Scopus and Google Scholar. We excluded literature that does not directly relate to the field of research. Results: We found out that there is a gap in the basic theory of the project triangle or to be more exact confusion about the positioning of quality and scope of the project in the project triangle. We therefore want to reduce the gap and confirm the thesis that quality is not one of the 3 elements of the project triangle, but is indirectly defined through the elements of the project triangle (time, cost, scope). The authors of the research carried out so far listed the elements of the project triangle and defined success criteria of the projects by group, among which the individual elements of the project triangle were classified. We expect to confirm the hypothesis that there is a connection between the elements of the project triangle and success of projects. Society: Our research will confirm the dimensions of the project triangle concept and show the influence of its elements on the most common groups of success criteria, with the help of which companies measure the success of projects. This research will show which elements of the project triangle and criteria are given greater importance by the scientific literature, which represents a starting point for optimization in the field of managing various types of projects. Understanding the concept of the project triangle and its role in the creation of success criteria will help the various stakeholders involved in project management to be more motivated to monitor the elements of the project triangle and that this will allow them to manage more effectively, which in turn also affects their commitment in performing project duties. Limitations / further research: The topic under discussion has been well studied for the past 20 years, although it has undergone a great deal of theoretical transformation. At the same time, we note that the theoretical treatment is not followed by scientific research, as it mainly covers the field of methodology, factors and strategies for the success of project management in the construction industry or on large investment projects, in the field of IT and healthcare. Proposals for further research will be made in order to conduct research on this topic in other industries and on other types of projects and on several different stakeholders and/or stakeholder groups involved in project management.
Research Questions (RQs): 1. What are the key challenges that media production students face in balancing study, work, and personal commitments? 2. What is the overall impact of the use of artificial intelligence (in all segments of activity – school, work, leisure) on the organisation of the lives of media production students? Purpose: The purpose of the research is to analyse the organisation of students' lives and propose strategies and tools to reduce negative stress and improve the balance between studies, work, and free time. Method: The research is based on monitoring the preparation and implementation of the project "Improving the organisation of your life", which was carried out over three years by more than 80 FUDŠ students in the course Management and Organisation of Media Production. We used the methods of survey, project analysis and discussions. Artificial intelligence (ChatGPT) is involved in all phases of the research and project. Results: Most students (over 70%) are not satisfied with the organisation of their lives before the start of the project and 70% of them report stress. The situation has improved greatly with the project "Improving the organisation of your life". Basic theoretical insights, techniques such as Time Blocking and Pomodoro, the Eisenhower Matrix method, the use of digital tools (Trello, Notion, Google Calendar) and especially ChatGPT improved productivity and reduced the feeling of being overwhelmed. The results show the positive impact of physical exercise and relaxation techniques on managing stress. Organization: The research offers practical solutions, such as the integration of time management techniques and digital tools that can improve the study programme and the performance of students and the organisations in which they participate. Artificial intelligence programmes offer important opportunities, but we must take care to ensure that rationalisation studies are not engaged in at the expense of the quality of education and student competencies. Society: A better organised student life can contribute to greater satisfaction, motivation, better health, and productivity in studies and work, which has a positive effect on society, higher GDP, and lower costs due to reduced absence from work, illness, etc. Originality: The research combines existing theoretical approaches with innovative solutions, such as digital tools for task organisation and AI, and emphasises the importance of long-term implementation of techniques. Limitations / further research: The small sample size and subjectivity of the results represent limitations. Further research with a larger sample and long-term follow-up is suggested.
Research Question (RQ): Distribution of products in stores should contribute to better selling. In the article we want to test if such methods are used in the case of selected Slovenian grocery stores. Purpose: The article tries to demonstrate on two case studies presence of merchandising in Slovenian grocery stores. Method: Based on literature review experiment with observation is carried out in two grocery stores. Results: Merchandising methods are psychological trick that count on individuals’ impulsiveness to increase the selling. Testing them on selected cases in Slovenia shows existence of such “tricks” also in Slovenian grocery stores, despite merchandising tactics are not consistently applied. Organization: The research results can contribute to organisational awareness of potential sloppiness in execution of merchandising. Society: The article potentially raise awareness of selling strategies implemented by stores and consequently should lead to more conscious buying. Originality: Article contributes to observational study in the field and can serve as a pilot study for further development of methodology for more systemic approach. Limitations / further research: Empirical research was conducted only on two cases which makes results demonstrative but not conclusive, The approach should be implemented on bigger sample.
Research Question (RQ): In this article, we address the question of how efficient Slovenia's tertiary education system is compared to the systems of other OECD member countries and identify elements within the Slovenian system that could be further improved to achieve optimal relative efficiency. Purpose: The research aims to shed light on the internal efficiency of Slovenia's tertiary education system and compare it with those of other OECD member countries, with the goal of analyzing areas where the Slovenian system falls short of achieving optimal performance. Method: Using theoretical foundations to identify relevant inputs and outputs, along with secondary data from international databases, we applied the DEA method to examine the internal efficiency of tertiary education systems in 29 OECD member countries with complete data available for the study period. Results: Results show that Slovenia’s tertiary education system did not achieve optimal relative efficiency in any of the four models applied. In terms of relative efficiency, Slovenia ranked between 20th and 25th among the 29 OECD countries examined. To achieve optimal relative efficiency, improvements in output measures for both pedagogical and research activities should be made. Organization: The research results can serve as a valuable tool for decision-makers at the national level, as well as for managers of individual tertiary education institutions, in achieving greater efficiency. Society: Achieving efficiency in tertiary education is crucial for broader society, not only for individuals participating in the educational process but also due to the wider impact that tertiary education has on the economy and society. Originality: This is the first research to provide an overview of past studies on the efficiency of tertiary education systems, with a focus on evaluating the outcomes of Slovenia's tertiary education system. The study also delves into a detailed assessment of its efficiency achievements. Limitations / further research: The research is based on secondary data obtained from international databases. The studied sample is not randomly selected but includes countries for which complete data were available for the entire period. It would be appropriate to enhance the research with a broader sample of countries and by using other or additional inputs and outputs, especially those that reflect the qualitative component of the utilized inputs and outputs. Keywords: efficiency, tertiary education systems, DEA method, OECD countries, education funding, graduates.
Research Question (RQ): The performance and development of any organization towards sustainability depends on its leaders and their skills. The research focuses on leaders, and how they act, lead, and make decisions when confronted with the fact that their vision drives them to promote sustainable practices. The research question is: What are the most frequently highlighted leadership building blocks in influencing stakeholders’ sustainability thinking? Purpose: The main purpose of the research in to review the existing literature on leadership styles that can be attributed to sustainability elements and to highlight the correlation between leadership style and the promotion of sustainable practices in an organization. Method: The methodological approach was based on the initial systematic review of domestic on foreign literature and articles published in accessible databases (Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct, Web of Science) and repositories of Slovenian Universities. We used the keywords “sustainability”, “leadership style” and “social outcomes” in both languages. Results: The analyzed articles highlight the transformational leadership style sustainable and provide key sustainable practices in the organization. Society: Identifying the key qualities of leaders and leadership styles positively impacts employees and other stakeholders by highlighting the key building blocks that leaders can use to influence society. Originality: Due to the focus on the sustainable practices in the organization in correlation with leadership style, the originality of the research will increase the transparency of the theses in the field of management by highlighting the building blocks of sustainable leadership and linking them to sustainable leadership theory. This will lay the foundations for further research towards defining a new sustainable leadership style. Limitations/Future Research: Limitations of this research are evident in the relatively small sample number of cases that encompass the actual implementation of sustainable development to stakeholders. Future research should empirically verify the awareness and application of the highlighted building blocks of leadership style in establishing sustainable business practices.
Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV): ): Delovanje in razvoj vsake organizacije v smeri trajnosti je v veliki meri odvisno od vodij, njihovih veščin, načina komunikacije in motiviranja ostalih deležnikov. Ta raziskava se tako osredotoča na vodje, njihov način delovanja, vodenja in sprejemanja odločitev, ko so postavljeni pred dejstvo, da jim vizija narekuje spodbujanje trajnostnih praks. Raziskovalno vprašanje se tako glasi: Kateri so najbolj pogosto izpostavljeni gradniki vodenja, ki zagotavljajo uspešnost pri vplivanju na trajnostno razmišljanje deležnikov in graditvi etične kulture organizacije? Namen: Glavni namen raziskave je preveriti obstoječo literaturo glede stilov vodenja, ki jim lahko pripišemo elemente trajnosti in izpostaviti raziskave o korelaciji med stilom vodenja in spodbujanjem trajnostnih praks v organizaciji. Metoda: Metodološki pristop smo na podlagi uvodnih spoznanj začeli s sistematičnim pregledom domače in tuje literature in člankov, ki so objavljeni v dostopnih bazah podatkov (ProQuest, Science Direct, Web of Science) ter po repozitorjih slovenskih univerz. Pri iskanju ustreznih člankov smo uporabili ključne besede, in sicer “trajnost”, “slog vodenja”, “družbena odgovornost”, v slovenskem jeziku ter “sustainability”, “corporate leadership” in “social outcomes” v angleškem jeziku.. Rezultati: Analizirani članki dokazujejo izpostavljenost transformacijskega stila vodenja kot trajnostnega in podajajo ključne elemente, ki so za takšne vodje značilni. Organizacija: Raziskava bo vodstvenemu kadru dala vpogled v ključne gradnike njihovega vodenja za zagotavljanje trajnostnih praks v organizaciji. Družba: Implementacija in prepoznavanje ključnih lastnosti vodij in načinov vodenja ima pozitiven vpliv tudi na zaposlene in ostale deležnike, torej na družbo nasploh, saj izpostavlja ključne gradnike, s katerimi lahko vodje vplivajo na družbo. Originalnost: Zaradi izpostavljanja pozornosti uveljavitvi trajnostnih praks v organizacijo v korelaciji z vodstvenim stilom, bo originalnost raziskave povečala preglednost do sedaj raziskanih tez in postavila temelje za nadaljnje raziskovanje. Omejitve/nadaljnje raziskovanje: Omejitve izvedene raziskave vidimo v sorazmerno majhni količini raziskovanih enot, ki smo jih obravnavali in omejeno število tistih, ki zajemajo dejansko implementacijo trajnostnega razvoja do deležnikov, zato smo se osredotočili na ugotovitve vpliva celostnih trajnostnih dejavnikov. Predlog nadaljnjih raziskav gre v smeri empiričnega preverjanja dejanskega zavedanja in uporabe o izpostavljenih gradnikih vodstvenega stila za vzpostavitev trajnostnega poslovanja.
Research Question (RQ): Which factors have a significant impact on the concept of quiet quitting in organizations? Purpose: The purpose of the integrative literature review is to examine in more detail the concept of quiet quitting in organizations. The objective of the comprehensive review is to identify the dimensions of the concept and to identify the factors influencing it, based on the relevant literature. Method: The primary research methodology is based on an integrative literature review. Data collection followed the guidelines dictated by the established formal procedure or standard PRISMA. The main tool for retrieving relevant literature for our study is the prepared matrix of research databases and the keywords used in the search. Literature was searched in SpringerLink, Scopus, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Cobiss, dLib, Google Scholar, Emerald, and ResearchGate databases. We defined the timeframe of the search as 2019 to 2023. We excluded literature that is not directly relevant to our field of research and does not have open access. We analyzed the collected data using the meta-synthesis method. Results: Among the factors that have a significant impact on the concept of quiet quitting, we identified: poorly valued employees, lack of organizational commitment to employee career development, disengagement of employees, exclusion of employees in organizational decisions, lack of autonomy at work, and a decline in trust in the organization. It follows that identifying the needs of employees is a key concept on which to build strategies that lead to successful and effective management of quiet quitting. Organization: Our research provides insights into the dimension of the concept and illustrates the influencing factors that enable organizations to identify the concept in their midst in a timely and successful manner. Society: The potential reduction in the contribution of individuals to the economy has a negative impact on the economy and society as a whole. Originality: The topic is under-researched and we consider that further in-depth research is needed. Limitations / further research: There is a perception that the topic is being studied, but at the same time, it is noted that this is not being followed up by scientific research. Original articles were included in the analysis and all non-open-access literature was excluded. The integrative review prepared allows for further in-depth research in this area and forms the basis for elaborating a Ph.D. thesis.
Background and Originality: The purpose of the presented research was to enhance the understanding and management of key performance indicators (Cpk, OEE, and ROI) in the automotive industry. The originality of the study stems from its emphasis on process technological performance and digitalization of measurements, which are crucial in today's industry. Method: The research was based on a case study, involving data analysis, the utilization of a Cpk measurement system, and event tracking through a logbook. The theoretical framework is based on measuring process technological performance and its connection to financial outcomes. Results: In the third phase of optimization, significant improvements were recorded in the indicators, including higher Cpk, OEE, and ROI values. These enhanced indicators led to compliance with final product specifications and concurrently increased production operational efficiency. Digitalization of measurements allowed for the rapid detection of process deviations and real-time adjustments in measurements. Society: Preliminary research results already make a substantial contribution to the automotive industry by emphasizing the crucial role of the business and technological performance measurement system and digitalization in improving operational efficiency. This can support enhanced process management and add value to social responsibility and environmental protection. Limitations/Further Research: Research limitations are related to the case study approach and temporal and financial constraints. Further research is recommended to delve into correlations between process technological performance indicators and financial outcomes and expand the study to other industries.
Research Question (RQ): What is the impact of food marketing and advertising on childhood obesity? Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the existing regulatory measures and legislation on food marketing aimed at children, understand its effects and look for ways to reduce childhood obesity. Method: This research was conducted through analysis and comparison of the current legislation and regulatory measures on food marketing enforced in Brazil, Chile and the United States. As well as, consulting multiple scientific articles on the research subject. Results: Regulations, such as the ones implemented in Chile, have shown to be effective when it comes to limiting the exposure of children to persuasive and manipulative food marketing. Consequently, causing a significant decrease in children’s consumption of such food products, which, in turn, can lead to the decrease in childhood obesity. Organization: This research can help governments and organizations find effective measures to create, improve as well as enforce legislation and regulations on child-oriented food marketing. Society: People are susceptible to the influence and manipulation of persuasive marketing strategies. Thus, children, being the more easily influenced part of the population, are even more vulnerable to such tactics. This research paper helps further showcase this fact as well as the dangers posed by these marketing strategies, subsequently proposing options to counteract the impact of said damaging tactics. Originality: Unlike most others of its kind, this research brings a comparative approach when analyzing the effectiveness of regulations in Latin American countries and the United States when it comes to the marketing of ultra-processed food products directed at children. Limitations / further research: Limitations faced were the lack of primary research sources and lack of in-depth research sources in this specific topic. Further research could expand the subject countries to include other Latin American countries, as well as European and Middle Eastern countries.
Research Question (RQ): How do testing laboratories use artificial intelligence (AI) and what challenges arise from the use of AI tools? Purpose: To investigate the use of AI in Slovenian and Croatian testing laboratories, to analyse the impact of the complexity of measurement methods and equipment and to predict trends in this area. Method: A questionnaire was developed for the study. Representatives of 125 randomly selected testing laboratories in Slovenia and Croatia performing accreditation activities according to SIST EN ISO/IEC 17025:2017 were invited to participate. In addition to descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyse the data. Results: 44 laboratories responded. The survey shows that most testing laboratories expect increased use of AI tools in the future and that laboratory staff recognise the benefits in terms of efficiency, accuracy and error reduction. However, according to the participants, the use of AI in Slovenian and Croatian laboratories is still limited due to the lack of qualified personnel, technical limitations and high initial costs. Laboratories that have more sophisticated measuring equipment perceive AI tools differently than laboratories that do not operate such equipment. The challenge for the future is to use AI to improve the quality of laboratory services, increase efficiency, improve progress and limit costs. Organisation: The use of AI enables the development of new business models based on the automation and digitalisation of laboratory processes. Research enables organisations to better understand and exploit the potential of AI. Society: For society, research can bring many benefits that improve the quality of life, promote economic and technological development and contribute to sustainable development and progress. Originality: The research topic is unexplored in Slovenia and Croatia, and even in the international environment such concrete research is still quite limited. Limitations / further research: Only a limited number of Slovenian and Croatian testing laboratories were included in the study, which could limit the generalization of the conclusions at the global level. It would make sense to carry out further research in a wider geographical area. As well as focus further research on determining the economic impact of using AI in laboratories, on determining the effectiveness and reliability of measurements, on studies to identify long-term research opportunities, the development of analytical methods using AI, a more in-depth analysis of differences between laboratories taking into account AI approaches and the analysis of cultural, economic and regulatory factors.
Research Question (RQ): Refugee status is denied to persons who cooperate with authorities of a country of origin. However, it is unclear whether this rule also applies to displaced persons, or whether Directive 2011/95/EU regulating subsidiary protection should be applied in their cases. Purpose: This research focuses on a legal situation of displaced persons who benefit from Directive 2001/55/EC regulating the EU temporary protection mechanism. This law can be activated in case of mass arrivals of persons in need of international protection. The research examines whether displaced persons can continue working for the authorities of their country of origin. Method: Dogmatic-legal analysis was used. Critical analysis of the law (1951 UN Refugee Convention, and EU law) was made. Historical method was used to support an interpretation of the text of that Convention with that treaty aims. Thanks to this, it was possible to deduce intentions of the drafters and first interpreters of the 1951 Refugee Convention from Travaux préparatoires and subsequent conclusions of the EXCOMM. Results: The 1951 Refugee Convention applies to persons who are unwilling or unable to be protected by their country of origin. However, incidental contacts with that state do not deprive these persons of protection. Directive 2001/55/EC does not contain an explicit reference to a need to terminate all contacts with a country of origin. Still, some relationships may contradict with the UN values. The asylum caseworker should be able to verify if these activities do not violate refugee law. Hence, the answer to the research questions depends on the scope of activities performed by a displaced person. Organization/Society: The answer to the research question would help to determine whether providing work for the authorities of a country of origin is always an obstacle to benefiting from temporary protection. Therefore, it can have an impact on the practice of public administration bodies regarding their approach to providing international protection. Originality: 28% of displaced persons in Poland work remotely in Ukraine. This innovative factor has not been noted in the context of other military conflicts, but the popularization of remote work increases the likelihood that persons seeking protection would not break their ties with a country of origin. Although an issue of a need to terminate relationship with that country has already been researched in literature, there are significant differences between the 1951 Refugee Convention and Directive 2001/55/EC. These differences have not yet been analyzed. Limitations / further research: A comparative analysis of the EU Member States' national legislations could help to determine whether there are prospects for amending EU legislation to make it clear if work performed for authorities of a country of origin in the country where the contract is concluded can be used to deny and revoke temporary protection or to limit social assistance in case of persons who perform such work.
Purpose and Originality: This research aims to analyse challenges encountered by managers of educational institutions in their work, the solutions to overcome challenges and factors determining success. The article presents the results of the research conducted in Lithuania in 2022, encompassing structured interviews with 8 heads of educational institutions in Šiauliai region. The research has revealed that the challenges faced by the heads of Lithuanian educational institutions are determined by the specificity of the country’s education system, the previous management of the educational institution, and the attitude of the very heads of educational institutions. Method: The research was conducted employing a generic qualitative descriptive exploratory approach (Kahlke, 2014; Merriam, Tisdel, 2016). The research strategy is not based on a specific qualitative methodology; it is simply sought to discover and understand the phenomenon from the perspective of the subjects participating in this research. The respondents were given two questions: 1) What was the biggest management challenge that you managed to solve successfully? 2) How were you solving this challenge? Results: Based on the research data, management challenges, their solutions and success factors were revealed. The research demonstrated that the solutions for overcoming challenges faced by managers included the manifestation of general and managerial competencies in the managers’ activities, while the factors determining success were the managers’ personal, professional competencies and value approaches – managers’ distributed leadership competence and organisational culture. Limitations: The research involved only heads of educational institutions (except gymnasiums) in Šiauliai region; therefore, the research results cannot be applied to the entire population. The research results could have been influenced by the subjective perception of investigated persons, their emotional state, daily institutional situations, workload, and other subjective factors.
Background and Originality: The purpose of the presented research was to enhance the understanding and management of key performance indicators (Cpk, OEE, and ROI) in the automotive industry. The originality of the study stems from its emphasis on process technological performance and digitalization of measurements, which are crucial in today's industry. Method: The research was based on a case study, involving data analysis, the utilization of a Cpk measurement system, and event tracking through a logbook. The theoretical framework is based on measuring process technological performance and its connection to financial outcomes. Results: In the third phase of optimization, significant improvements were recorded in the indicators, including higher Cpk, OEE, and ROI values. These enhanced indicators led to compliance with final product specifications and concurrently increased production operational efficiency. Digitalization of measurements allowed for the rapid detection of process deviations and real-time adjustments in measurements. Society: Preliminary research results already make a substantial contribution to the automotive industry by emphasizing the crucial role of the business and technological performance measurement system and digitalization in improving operational efficiency. This can support enhanced process management and add value to social responsibility and environmental protection. Limitations/Further Research: Research limitations are related to the case study approach and temporal and financial constraints. Further research is recommended to delve into correlations between process technological performance indicators and financial outcomes and expand the study to other industries.
Research Question (RQ): In this paper, we answer the research question of whether platform workers harbour a sense of loyalty towards the platform they work for, despite the transient nature of this work form, the absence of traditional employment benefits and the often-impersonal relationship between the platform and its workers. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to expand the discussion on employee loyalty to the context of platform work, due to the crucial role employee loyalty plays for both organisations and their workers – employee loyalty helps organisations retain their workforce and avoid the harms of employee turnover, while also fostering a sense of belonging and fulfilment among employees. Method: 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews were performed with food delivery couriers (working for Wolt and Glovo) from Slovenia. Results: Our findings show that while this group of workers does display some behaviours which indicate their loyalty to their platform, such as the fact they mostly speak of the platform positively, they actively recommend it to their peers and they display relatively high levels of trust towards it, they do not feel loyal to the extent where they would intent to stay working for the platform indefinitely. Organization: These findings are important for the sustainability of the platform economy model, as they can help reduce employee turnover and consequently improve the consistency and profitability of digital labour platforms. Society: Findings on employee loyalty within the platform economy have the potential to decrease employee turnover, which is currently one of the biggest limitations to collective action in this sector. Originality: This is one of the first papers to discuss the phenomenon of employee loyalty in the context of platform work, as the concept is typically explored in traditional employment relationships. It contributes to our understanding of whether individuals, platform, or non-platform economy participants, can develop a sense of loyalty even towards employers who offer suboptimal working conditions. Limitations / further research: The current body of knowledge would greatly benefit from a longitudinal study which could explain how platform workers’ sentiments towards their platform change over time.
Research Question (RQ): Public international law is intended to, among other things, introduce an element of stability in international relations. Public international law is created by the subjects of this law which are the holders of rights and obligations under this law. However, we can distinguish several entities which, despite a lack of international legal personality, influence international relations. The question arises as to whether the existence of these other entities does not weaken the actions of the classic subjects of public international law, namely states and international organisations. Purpose: The purpose of this research was to define a catalogue of entities that, despite the lack of international legal personality, influence international relations. Method: This study was based on scientific and popular scientific literature. The research method used in this study was a descriptive analysis and critical interpretation of recent trends in the area of international relations. Results: The research results show that, in addition to the classic catalogue of entities such as states and international organisations, we can distinguish several other entities that influence international relations, such as international corporations, non-governmental organisations, or non-institutionalised forums for cooperation. Organisation: The research results, by distinguishing other (than classic ones) entities operating in international relations, may contribute to greater stability in international relations. Society: The stability of international relations affects the security of nations and individuals. Originality: The originality of this research is a critical approach to the existing catalogue of the subjects of public international law. Limitations / further research: The research results may contribute to the debate on existing entities in international relations that influence international relations. Further research may even expand the traditional catalogue of subjects of public international law.
Research question (RQ): Is pragmatic research the answer to researching complex, uncertain, and irrational organisational landscapes? Purpose and originality: This article explains a mechanism-based pragmatic approach to organizational science. A comprehensive examination of core approaches to organizational research reveals that traditional organizational theories and classical models prove inadequate in providing a holistic understanding of the escalating complexity and multimodality of organizational phenomena. This underscores the novelty and potential of the pragmatic approach in tackling these complexities. Method: The research used organizational source criticism as a historical methodology to analyse the shift in organizational science beyond classical objectivist conceptualizations. Mechanism-based research explored and understood the contingency of knowledge and action using a pragmatic approach to organisation research. Results: This study's findings underscore the practical implications of pragmatic research in organizational science. It is not a static method but a dynamic and evolving one that effectively addresses organizations' changing needs, societal trends, and technological advancements. This emphasis on adaptability and relevance keeps pragmatic research at the forefront of organizational science, making our findings all the more significant and interesting. Limitations/Further research: It's important to note that this research is based on conceptual views of organizational pragmatic research. While it involved a systematic analysis of the application of pragmatic research methods in the empirical field, it's crucial to acknowledge that further analysis is not just a suggestion but a necessity to fully understand the method's role in explaining complex organizational phenomena. This acknowledgement of the need for more research encourages the reader to delve deeper into the topic, fostering a sense of curiosity and engagement.
Research Question (RQ): What is the impact of food marketing and advertising on childhood obesity?Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the existing regulatory measures and legislation on food marketing aimed at children, understand its effects and look for ways to reduce childhood obesity.Method: This study adopts a comparative approach to the analysis of the current legislation and regulatory measures on food marketing enforced in Brazil, Chile and the United States.As well as, consulting multiple scholarly articles and scientific studies on the impact of food marketing and advertising on childhood obesity.This research also showcases the effectiveness of adequate regulation on child-oriented food marketing and advertisements in reducing the consumption of ultra-processed food by children, which, in turn, will lead to the decrease in childhood obesity.Results: Regulations, such as the ones implemented in Chile, have shown to be effective when it comes to limiting the exposure of children to persuasive and manipulative food marketing.Consequently, causing a significant decrease in children's consumption of such food products, which, in turn, can lead to the decrease in childhood obesity.Organization: This research can help governments and organizations find effective measures to create, improve as well as enforce legislation and regulations on child-oriented food marketing.Society: People are susceptible to the influence and manipulation of persuasive marketing strategies.Thus, children, being the more easily influenced part of the population, are even more vulnerable to such tactics.This research paper helps further showcase this fact as well as the dangers posed by these marketing strategies, subsequently proposing options to counteract the impact of said damaging tactics.Izzivi prihodnosti / Challenges of the Future, Članek / Article Maj / May 2024, leto / year 9, številka / number 2, str./ pp.88-107. 89Originality: Unlike most others of its kind, this research brings a comparative approach when analyzing the effectiveness of regulations in Latin American countries and the United States when it comes to the marketing of ultra-processed food products directed at children.Limitations / further research: Limitations faced were the lack of primary research sources and lack of in-depth research sources in this specific topic.Further research could expand the subject countries to include other Latin American countries, as well as European and Middle Eastern countries.
