This paper proposes a distributed model predictive control (DMPC) scheme with preview disturbance based on bargaining game theory for the active suspension control of a light rail vehicle (LRV). The objective is to improve ride comfort and safety by minimizing the deflection of suspension system and the vertical acceleration of the car bodies. The LRV is modeled as a multi-body dynamical system consisting of two power carbodies and one trailer carbody. The proposed DMPC framework decomposes the vehicle into three dynamically interacting subsystems, each governed by a local MPC controller. The optimal control inputs are determined by formulating the control problem as a bargaining game, which is then solved by a negotiation algorithm. The proposed approach is evaluated through numerical simulations under sinusoidal track disturbances and compared with a centralized MPC scheme. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DMPC effectively attenuates vertical acceleration and suspension deflections, thereby enhancing ride comfort and operational safety while achieving superior overall control performance. These findings indicate that the proposed DMPC provides an effective and computationally attractive alternative to centralized MPC.
Indonesia has diverse cultures that can be utilized as contexts for chemistry learning through an ethnochemistry approach. However, studies specifically mapping the development of ethnochemistry-based learning products remain limited. This study aims to analyze the development of ethnochemistry learning products at the senior high school level in Indonesia based on product types, ethnochemistry content and chemistry topics, geographical distribution, learning strategies, and learning outcomes. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted by adopting the PRISMA 2020 protocol. Literature was obtained from ERIC, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Semantic Scholar for publications from 2016–2025. Based on the inclusion criteria, 28 articles were selected and analyzed using content analysis. The results show a shift in learning product development from printed to digital formats. Traditional culinary and cultural practices were the most frequently integrated ethnochemistry contents, while acid–base chemistry was the most dominant topic. Cultural content originated from various regions of Indonesia, with Central Java showing the greatest diversity, although its distribution remained uneven. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) was the most frequently used learning model, while learning outcomes predominantly focused on the cognitive domain, particularly scientific literacy. Future research should explore underrepresented cultural regions, more abstract chemistry topics, and affective or psychomotor domains
This study aims to develop an integrated light material e-module Educaplay as an innovative learning medium in elementary schools and to determine its feasibility and practicality. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects were 19 fifth-grade students of Bulu Elementary School. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, documentation, expert validation questionnaires and teacher and student response questionnaires, then analyzed descriptively quantitatively using a Likert scale. The results of the study showed that the developed e-module received 93% validation from media experts, 95% from material experts, and 80% from language experts, thus being declared suitable for use. The results of the small-scale trial showed a teacher response of 96% and a student response of 93.5%, while in the large-scale trial, the teacher response was 96% and the student response was 96.5%, with a very good category. Thus, the integrated light material e-module Educaplay is declared very valid for use in science learning in elementary schools
This systematic literature review (SLR) examines the topics in statistical physics that students find difficult, the factors underlying these difficulties, and the instructional strategies used to address them. Following PRISMA guidelines, 153 records were identified from Scopus through Publish or Perish, reduced through identification, screening, and eligibility stages to 17 included articles published between 2000 and 2024. The most challenging topics are microscopic/macroscopic states, entropy, the Boltzmann factor and distribution, partition functions, and the Fermi-Dirac distribution. Difficulties stem mainly from limited mathematical and representational skills, scarce visualization media, and the high abstraction of the concepts. Reported strategies, including computer simulation, laboratory experiments, inquiry-based learning, Clicker Question Sequences, educational games, and Excel- or Desmos-based simulation, show promising but unevenly evaluated effectiveness: most are theoretical proposals, while only a minority report empirical classroom testing. The novelty of this review lies in showing that, despite twenty-four years of proposed solutions, comprehensive effectiveness evaluation and supporting instructional materials remain scarce. These findings give instructors and curriculum designers an empirical basis for prioritizing which statistical physics topics and strategies most need rigorous, classroom-tested development
Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in maintaining the balance of coastal environments. But in recent decades, the existence of mangroves has decreased. In the coastal area of Banyuglugur, Situbondo, mangrove rehabilitation has been carried out since 2018, but its effectiveness in changes in canopy cover and carbon stocks has not been widely studied. This study aims to analyze the changes in canopy cover and mangrove forest carbon stock in 2018 and 2025 in Banyuglugur based on satellite image analysis, to examine the relationship between canopy cover area and the amount of mangrove carbon stock, and to compare the estimation results of aboveground carbon stock derived from satellite imagery with ground measurements. The research used Google Earth Engine (GEE) and InVEST Carbon Storage and Sequestration Model software to estimate carbon storage within vegetation. Field validation was carried out through vegetation analysis using hemispherical photography. Results show a 4.12% increase in mangrove ecosystem area and a 35.83 Mg C ha-1 increase in aboveground carbon storage, based on InVEST estimates. Estimation using InVEST yields values 274% higher than direct measurements for the same carbon pools. The analysis of the relationship between canopy cover and aboveground carbon (AGC) stock showed no significant association. It can be concluded that the Banyuglugur mangrove ecosystem has experienced an increase in area and carbon stock. Correlation analysis between canopy cover and AGC shows a positive relationship (β > 0) but weak (p > 0.05). Carbon stock estimation using the InVEST model shows an overestimation compared to direct field measurements.
