AbstractObjective: Evaluating any curriculum is a necessity, and in the Command and Staff Course there are two types of program evaluation and the evaluation of students' competencies, which were the subject and purpose of this research.Research Method: The method used in this research is a qualitative/quantitative mix, in the qualitative part, the interpretive process of analyzing the themes with the interview tool and 29 samples, and in the quantitative part, the survey with the questionnaire tool and a sample of 149 people. The first statistical population comprised professors and officials, and the quantitative part consisted of 33rd Command and Staff Course graduates.Findings: In the evaluation of the curriculum, the findings showed that only a few elements of the curriculum are considered, not all elements, however, the results obtained are used to modify and improve the program. In the evaluation of student competencies, a diverse range of methods is used and feedback is given to students. In addition, the evaluation results are considered to some extent in the appointments of officers. There is a difference between the Opinion of faculty members, students, and commanders about the quality of evaluations. Overall, the students evaluated in the Command and Staff course were not considered desirable.Conclusion: The findings suggest that the evaluations should be reviewed and changed to increase their effectiveness and student satisfaction.
The war in Ukraine is the biggest battle between two modern armies equipped with advanced conventional weapons in recent decades in the geography of Europe, which has involved dozens of countries directly and indirectly. The main concern of the researchers is to calculate the operational lessons of the war between Russia and Ukraine in the form of geostrategic confrontation between the two naval and land superpowers in the Ukrainian region, based on the new world order and power geometry, which is descriptive-analytical through the use of library methods. (documents) and survey/field by holding expert meetings with six people in the form of a focus group and conducting in-depth interviews. Key themes using Mexquida software based on experts' opinions, library studies and expert meetings, statistics and confirmation of extracted factors in an expert information community of 28 people with demographic characteristics (strategic occupations with the rank of major general and above, familiar to the country of Ukraine and Russia, the senior intelligence analyst of the region of Russia and the Caucasus) was analyzed and tested, the result of which is the statistics of 30 key themes in the form of operational lessons of this geostrategic confrontation for future generations.
Objective: The tactical operations center (MATA) is one of the facilities of the command post, from where the elements (necessary employees) with the concentration of communication and telecommunications equipment with the organization, specific responsibilities and relationships in order to accelerate the reaction of the joint force headquarters in the control and coordination of operations. Tactically, all fire systems are jointly planned.Method:The type of applied/developmental research, descriptive research method and mixed research approach. The statistical population was 15 people in the qualitative stage and 30 people in the quantitative stage, in both stages due to the limitation in the number of experts, the total number was considered. In the qualitative stage, the research literature was analyzed using the content analysis method with Maxqda software in an inductive way, firstly the components and then the dimensions of the research were counted and with a semi-structured interview by 15 An expert was validated. Finally, the relationships between dimensions and components were determined by performing structural equations with Smart Pls software.Results: The result of this research is the presentation of the fire support system planning model in the tactical operations center of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army's joint forces, which includes 3 dimensions and 82 components as follows, the organization dimension of joint fire support planning elements with 12 components, the responsibility dimension Joint fire support planning elements with 46 components and then the relations of joint fire support planning elements with 24 components.
Defense thought is the result of any thinking and reflection about defense and security matters. The explanation of the Supreme Leader's defense thought, as one of the prominent scholars in the discussion of grass-roots defense in the direction of creating stable security of the country, can be effective in increasing the cohesion between the government, the people and the sovereign, as well as increasing the national power. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to provide a model of basic public defense by using the defense ideas of the supreme command.Research method: The research strategy is applied-developmental and its implementation method is descriptive (contextual-case and correlational). The sample population includes 60 experts and experts. Data analysis has been analyzed using structural equation modeling method with partial least squares approach using PLS software.Findings: Identifying the dimensions of defense and preparedness with the components of defense and public preparedness, all-round defense and defense-security, mobilization and popular forces, public morale and determination, unity and national ideal, and hostility.Result: The basic people's defense model, using the defense ideas of the Supreme Commander of the General Forces, includes 2 dimensions, 7 components and 46 indicators.
Objective: The objective of this study is to explain how to improve the capabilities of the ground forces of the IslamicRepublic of Iran Army Field Artillery Battalions in future wars.Methodology: The type of the present study is applied and the research method is descriptive-analytical. The data and information collection method is library and field. And the data collection tool is using documents, interviews, and questionnaires. The statistical sample in the qualitative part (interviews with experts) is 20 people and in the quantitative part (questionnaire) is 71 people.Findings: The findings of this study indicate that the most important aspects of improving the capabilities of artillery in future wars are range, accuracy and speed of targeting, and agility and agility.Conclusions: Field artillery has always played an important role in wars and, by using new technologies and improving cooperation with other forces, will continue to be a key component in future wars. Enhancing the capabilities of the ground forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army field artillery is a multidimensional and complex process that can only be achieved by simultaneously paying attention to new technologies, structural and ballistic optimization, using smart ammunition, increasing operational speed and flexibility, and strengthening communications. This process requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach to enable the Nezaja artillery to be present on the battlefield of the future as a multi-purpose, fast-acting, and accurate system capable of dealing with diverse and complex threats
Military universities play a crucial role in preparing defense forces for modern challenges. The emergence of disruptive technologies such as artificial intelligence, advanced simulations, and blockchain has intensified the need for a coherent framework for their implementation. However, cybersecurity concerns, cultural resistance, and hierarchical structures complicate the adoption of these technologies.This research aims to propose a comprehensive model (MUTIM) for integrating advanced technologies in military universities. The proposed framework, based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Innovation Diffusion Theory, consists of eight stages, including identification, design, infrastructure implementation, integration into education, capacity-building, evaluation, research and development, and policy-making.Findings indicate that the MUTIM model is adaptable to military structures and capable of addressing challenges such as data security and institutional resistance. Thematic analysis highlights the importance of education and policymaking in the model’s success. The framework, emphasizing flexibility and continuous improvement, guides technology implementation in alignment with defense missions.
Objective:The aim of investigating the interactions between the Stringency of military agreements, the instability of the political system, and the structure of military ownership.Methodology:The current research is in the category of descriptive-correlational research from the perspective of practical purpose and from the perspective of method and nature.The data related to the military interactions of the agreements formed between the countries and defense military forces with an average of three foreign defense military activities were selected and collected and analyzed using paired logistic regression.Findings:The instability of the political system and the strength of the military pacts in a non-interactive way did not have a significant impact on the structure of military ownership, but in the interactive mode, with the increase of the instability of the political system, the military pacts reverse the priorities of the military forces to choose the interactions of the majority instead of the minority. At higher levels of instability of the political system, the more decisive Stringency of military agreements increases the possibility of increasing the choice of military forces from the structure of military ownership.Conclusion:The more precise the content of military treaties, the more effective they can be in preventing adverse actions andgovernment influence, as a result of political instability in a host country.While the existence of military agreements can lead to compliance by clarifying obligations, government participation, and strengthening the implementation of agreements the greater legal strengthof military agreements determines the credibility ofthe commitment to protect the property rights of military activists.
Objective: This research aims to calculate the full cost of education for students in various disciplines at the AJA Command and Staff University across its four faculties, using the activity-based costing (ABC) approach.Methodology: To calculate the full cost, direct costs were directly assigned to the academic disciplines, and indirect costs (overhead) were allocated through the activity-based costing approach. The research data, including costs and overhead allocation drivers, were collected using archival and survey (interview) methods. These data pertain to the academic year 2022-2023.Findings: Based on the findings, the full cost of education for students in fifteen Master's programs and two Doctoral programs across the four faculties was calculated. Furthermore, the share and percentage of direct and indirect costs (overhead) relative to the total full cost for each discipline were determined.Conclusion: Replacing traditional cost accounting methods with the activity-based costing approach enables university administrators to make more informed management decisions and facilitates the effective implementation of performance-based budgeting.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the vertical displacement of the earth's surface using DInSAR acquired from processing the Sentinel-1A satellite radar images in a period of approximately 6 months before and 4 months after the bombing of Gaza City (before and after Al-Aqsa Storm Operation).Methodology: For this purpose, 2 radar images for before and one for after the operation were used. All steps of creating DInSAR and calculation of ground surface displacement were done in SNAP software.Findings: The results indicated that the maximum vertical displacement value of the terrain surface in places and structures before and after the operation was 5.06 cm and 22.67 cm, and for roads was - 6.4 cm and 13.25 cm, respectively. Also, the vertical displacement value of the earth's surface after this operation increased from the south to the north of Gaza, which indicated the more intense bombing of the middle and northern areas of Gaza. The displacement speed of the earth's surface (mm/day) after the operation is about 4 times than before, while the time period after the operation is 60 days less than before of it.Originality: This research demonstrates the ability of satellite remote sensing methods to monitor damages of cities and their infrastructures due to bombings in the least cost and time.
Strategic planning and schematization and military budgeting is one of the basic measures of the country's armed forces with the aim of maximizing the available resources in order to increase deterrence and improve the combat power of the armed forces.Since many factors such as: effective command, leadership, superiority of information, technology, etc. are effective in increasing the combat power and readiness of the military forces, and one of the most important factors is strategic planning, schematization and military budgeting. Therefore, the main question of this research was posed as follows: "To what extent will strategic planning, schematization and military budgeting affect combat power and readiness of the forces?", Therefore, the main goal of the researcher is: "Explain the impact of Strategic planning, schematization and military budgeting on the combat power and readiness of the forces."The method of this research is correlation and applied. Analysis of information and data obtained from the study of sources has been analyzed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach and using PLS software.The results showed that "strategic planning, schematization and budgeting" and its explanatory variables have a positive and significant effect on "combat power", so that about 64% of the "combat power" variables are explained. they do. It was also confirmed between "strategic planning, schematization and budgeting" and all its three components (strategic planning, schematization and budgeting) as well as "combat power" and its three components (physical factors, non-physical factors and Superior factors) There is a significant and positive relationship.
Background: Historically, ad-hoc networks are mainly used for tactical applications related to military networks to improve battlefield communications. An ad-hoc network provides a suitable framework for addressing these issues, as it provides a mobile distributed network without the need for pre-defined infrastructures and provides connectivity beyond direct line of sight.Objective: to identify methods of infiltrating military ad-hoc networks from the aspect of confidentiality.Methodology: the type of applied research and the method of this research is descriptive because the researcher seeks to identify the subject and based on what it is and without the intervention and manipulation of variables with the available information regarding the identification of the methods of penetration into cyber electromagnetic networks in a systematic and descriptive manner. Systematically address the current situation, and the research approach is mixedThe statistical population is the employees working in the army of the Islamic Republic of Iran, who are familiar with the concepts of cyber-electromagnetism and have at least 15 years of service in such jobs.Findings and Originality: In the field of confidentiality, 9 active classic attacks, 7 passive classic attacks and 5 attack methods were identified based on the attack meter database.
Objective: The game of strategic cyber war can lead to the creation of a unified and homogeneous structure between the armed forces due to providing the real environmental conditions the battle scene. It will also be a suitable tool for depicting the international, regional and domestic situation the warring parties in the cyber field. For this reason, the question of the current research is, what are the components of the strategic cyber war game system the armed forces?Method: This research is of an applied type, which was conducted with the method of qualitative content analysis with a summarizing approach and using Max.QDA 2020 software. analyzing the text, interviews were conducted with 7 experts and experts in the field of cyber war games in the armed forces. Since these experts are among the most experienced and specialized people the field of armed forces war games, who were selected by a purposeful method of judgment, they have proper credibility. since the coding and theoretical sources of the interviews were carried out in the environment of Max.QDA 2020 software and it has great accuracy, reliability of the research is also ensured.Findings: 6 dimensions were counted to create a strategic cyber warfare game system.The research findings express the six main dimensions in the field of creating a strategic cyber war game system, which are: inputs and outputs of the war game system, war game processes, technologies, directional elements, Security and threats of the cyber environment of the game of cyber war.
Objective: Climate change, as one of the greatest challenges of this century, has widespread impacts on engineering infrastructure. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of climate change consequences on the design, construction, and maintenance of defense tunnels.Methodology: This research adopts a mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, thematic analysis was employed to extract key concepts related to the impacts of climate change on defensive tunnels from documents published between 2010 and 2024. The statistical population of the study includes experts, university professors, and engineers associated with the defense sector within the armed forces, with purposive sampling utilized in the quantitative phase. For data analysis, structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted using the Smart PLS software.Findings: The findings reveal that 13 climatic factors significantly influence the design, construction, and maintenance of defensive tunnels. The coefficients of determination for the impact of climate change components on the design, construction, and maintenance of defensive tunnels are 0.792, 0.756, and 0.759, respectively. This indicates that 79%, 75%, and 75% of the variations in the design, construction, and maintenance of defensive tunnels are explained by climate change components.Conclusion:The study concludes that climate change poses significant risks to the stability of defensive tunnels. To mitigate these risks, it is essential to incorporate climate-resilient design principles, such as using more durable materials, enhancing drainage systems, and conducting thorough environmental assessments. Future tunnel design and maintenance strategies must consider these climate factors to ensure the long-term integrity of defensive infrastructure
Objective: recruitement and retaining human resources is a vital factor for the survival of any organization. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of types of capital on the process of recruitment and retention officer students in the officer universities of the Islamic Republic of Iran's army.Methodology: This article is an applied and exploratory research, the research method of which is qualitative and the data analysis was carried out using thematic analysis method, and its statistical population was selected from 43 students of the officer universities of the Islamic Republic of Iran's army. Also the data collection tool was semi-structured interview.Findings: By analyzing the data and forming themes, it can be seen that capital, including social, economic, cultural and symbolic, is initially effective in the process of recruitment individuals and then in their retention in the organization. Individuals enter the university with different volumes and combinations of capital and in pursuit of resources, and their perception of their ability to achieve each of these types of capital can be effective in stay or exit them from the organization.Conclusion: Understanding these Capitals and the mechanism of their impact on the field and students can be useful in improving the performance of the organization and also for policymakers in recruitment and retention personnel. Also, the organization has a competitive advantage in terms of social capital and symbolic capital compared to other competitors in the labor market and its is necessary to pay attention .
Objective: In this research, the effective factors on the behavior of information security employees were investigated and the role of organizational culture on the behavioral pattern of employees was determined and an optimal behavioral pattern was proposed.Methodology: The research analyzed the factors affecting the behavioral pattern in the face of cyber security threats using a combined method, and the effect of policy and organizational culture on it was investigated with a meta-composite (sequential-exploratory) method.Findings: First, 270 primary sources including domestic and foreign articles were screened and 83 domestic sources and 29 foreign sources were selected. From these sources, 142 indicators consisting of 5 dimensions and 17 components were extracted, then with the help of the two-stage Delphi method, the questions were evaluated and validated, and 11 indicators were removed from them, and in the quantitative stage, a questionnaire with 131 questions was created. It was prepared and information security experts answered the questionnaire.Originality: By analyzing the data using SPSS and MATLAB software. It was found that there is a statistically significant relationship between the two characteristics of policy and organizational culture and the behavior pattern of information security experts in relation to information security policy.
Objective: This study aimed to design and validate a performance-based budgeting model for the Islamic Republic of Iran Army (AJA). The research seeks to develop an efficient, localized framework for enhancing resource productivity within the military budgeting structure.Methodology: This applied research followed a descriptive-analytical method. To test the conceptual model, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed using SmartPLS software. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire distributed among experts and officials involved in budgeting within AJA.Findings: The results indicated that the two main components—“budgeting drivers” and “enablers”—play a crucial role in implementing a performance-based budgeting model. Model fit indices, including AVE, CR, Cronbach’s alpha, R², Q², and GOF, were all reported at acceptable and desirable levels. Additionally, all model paths were statistically significant and confirmed.Conclusion: The proposed model demonstrates a strong fit and is feasible for implementation within the military structure. Applying this model can lead to more effective resource allocation, improved accountability, increased efficiency, and institutionalization of a performance-oriented culture in the budgeting practices of AJA.
Objective: The purpose of this research is to answer the question that what are the key Desires affecting the future developments of training and education of the naval force according?Methodology: This research is based on the purpose of "applied-developmental" type and based on "descriptive-survey" nature, which has a "mixed" approach. statistical population; It included training and education experts of the Navy, 11 in the qualitative section and 30 people in the quantitative section were selected in a targeted way. In order to collect data for compiling the research literature, "library studies" using "survey tool" and "field studies" using "expert sessions" and "closed questionnaire" tools were used to collect real data. The theoretical saturation continued and the questions of the questionnaire were also from two aspects of external validity and content in order to make the items clear and unambiguous and also adequate. The quantity and quality have been confirmed by experts. Using Spss software, the reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) was calculated as 0.834, which indicated the acceptable reliability of the questionnaire.Findings: By analyzing quantitative data using "descriptive parameters", all the statements counted from "qualitative content analysis" of upstream documents and expert meetings were confirmed, and their importance was prioritized using "Shannon's entropy" method.Conclusion: According to the results of the research, the statement "Ability to train and develop human resources with knowledge, insight and skills" was identified as the most important Desire, and at the end, the proposed solutions were presented to scientifically achieve the calculated Desires.
Objective: The development of cognitive technologies has revolutionized the landscape of combat readiness, creating unprecedented advances in training methods, performance analysis, and operational solutions.The aim of this article is to investigate the impact of cognitive technologies on increasing combat capabilities and achieving performance optimization, damage prevention and strategic decision making in the fields of battle.Method: Using the directional content analysis method, after examining the principles and rules of combat readiness based on cognitive technologies, the logic governing them is extracted and discussed, and finally the components of training personalization and performance optimization, risk management and injury prevention and competitiveness and operational solutions in combat with attention to the key role of cognitive technologies has been explained and presented.Findings: Through the use of advanced tools such as data analytics, virtual reality, and wearable technology, military forces and commanders gain valuable insight into combat readiness, neurophysiological responses, and and operational solution. In addition, the personalized nature of training programs based on cognitive technologies enables military personnel to optimize their performance potential and minimize the risk of injury.Conclusion: As the synergy between cognitive technologies and military science continues to evolve, the future promises even greater strides toward achieving peak performance power and capability in the realm of combat readiness.
Detecting the presence of vessels near the coast and far from it is one of the important issues that has many applications in military and civilian industries. This work is very useful for maritime traffic management and traffic safety at sea. Traditional methods of detecting vessels include the use of human observers or systems that transmit characteristics on vessels. New techniques that integrate data from different sources are being developed. In this research, an attempt has been made to optimize the combination of kernels (MKL) by using deep neural network for the first time and finally identify the ship in the Persian Gulf. In this research, Sentinel-1 radar sensor images were used, and finally, using K-means algorithm, 365 training samples of the sea and ships in the Persian Gulf were prepared in different weather conditions. 70% of it is introduced to the network as training data and 30% as test data. In this article, using RBF kernels and polynomials of the first, second and third degrees, features are extracted, and then using a deep neural network, the output of the kernels is combined and high-level features are extracted. The results of the introduced network showed 88% accuracy of the model in identifying and detecting vessels in the Persian Gulf region based on training data. Finally, the network was implemented for validation purposes in Bandar Abbas and Bandar Lange regions and acceptable results were obtained.
Objective: Due to the speed, variety and volatility of cyber threats, it is not possible to provide training to cyber employees for every defense scenario. The current research was carried out with the aim of calculating the cognitive readiness components of cyber defense in the military field .Methodology: This research is mixed in terms of its purpose, application and approach in data collection and analysis. In the qualitative part, meta-synthesis and content analysis method with open, central and selective coding and to analyze quantitative data from descriptive statistics and to evaluate the fit of the conceptual model of the cyber defense cognitive readiness system, factor analysis method and SmartPLS software were usedFindings: The results of the qualitative part of the research showed that the concept of cognitive readiness of cyber defense includes two components of main executive functions and high-level cognitive functions with 11 sub-components; Memory, self-regulation, flexibility, decision making, problem solving, cognitive openness, metacognition, creativity, adaptability, critical thinking. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis in the quantitative section also showed that the components of cyber defense cognitive readiness have a factor load and a significant effect on the related structures, and the data obtained from this research fits well with the factor structure of this scale.Originality: The most valuable skill or characteristic for the cyber defense workforce is the individual's cognitive preparation, which often allows him to transfer his learning from one system or scenario to another without the need for retraining.
