The transformation toward green cities has been promoted as a national strategy to reduce regional de-pendence on extractive sectors. In practice, however, this transition does not always follow a linear path and is often marked by inherent paradoxes. This study explores the green–brown paradox in the develop-ment of Indonesia’s New Capital (Ibu Kota Nusantara, IKN) by positioning changes in the economic sec-toral structure as a key issue in development management. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines a review of planning documents with regional economic analysis using Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic LQ (DLQ), and Shift–Share techniques. The findings indicate that, despite the growing prominence of sustainability discourse, the regional economy remains structurally dominated by extrac-tive sectors. At the time of the study, economic growth in the IKN area was primarily driven by the con-struction sector, while green sectors had yet to emerge as the main growth engine. The gap between development aspirations and existing structural conditions underscores the importance of strategically managing sectoral economic shifts in a more adaptive, realistic manner, and grounded in local economic characteristics.
This study aims to examine the mediating effect of digital capability and the moderating role of environ-mental dynamism in the relationship between digital strategy, digital culture, and sustainable compe-titive performance among manufacturing SMEs. Focusing on batik SMEs in Banyumas, Indonesia traditi-onnal yet increasingly pressured to digitize the study employs a quantitative approach using SmartPLS 4.0 with data collected from 100 SME owners. The results reveal that both digital strategy and digital culture significantly enhance sustainable competitive performance, and these effects are partly mediated by digital capability. Furthermore, environmental dynamism strengthens the positive relationship bet-ween digital capability and sustainable competitive performance, suggesting that dynamic markets amplify the benefits of digital competence. Sustainable competitive performance in this study refers to the long-term ability of batik SMEs to maintain innovation, resilience, and market relevance through digital transformation. The findings contribute theoretically by validating the mediating role of digital capability and the moderating role of environmental dynamism in SME digital transformation models. Empirically, they offer actionable insights for policymakers and SME managers to prioritize digital capa-bility development and align strategy and culture to dynamic market environments.
This study aims to determine the effect of perceived Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on brand ad-vocacy with the mediating role of brand trust and brand equity from Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). The object of research is BRI. Empirical data collection was carried out using the non-probability method of purposive sampling technique with a total of 282 respondents. Empirical data processing uses Structural Equation Model (SEM) techniques and is processed using the Smart Partial Least Square (PLS) 4 analysis instrument. This study proposes seven (7) hypotheses, and five (5) hypotheses are accepted. The results show that perceived CSR has a significant direct effect on brand advocacy, brand trust, and brand equity. Brand trust also significantly influences brand advocacy, whereas brand equity does not. Furthermore, the mediation analysis reveals that brand trust partially mediates the relationship between perceived CSR and brand advocacy, while brand equity does not mediate this relationship. These findings indicate that consumers' trust in a brand plays a stronger role than perceived brand value in translating CSR per-ceptions into brand advocacy behavior.
This study aimed to propose a pentahelix-based collaborative financing model to enhance the fishing sectors in Jayapura City, Papua. Despite the sector’s significant production of 24,771 tons and a market value of IDR 1.08 trillion in 2023, small-scale fishermen faced barriers to accessing formal capital. The majority depended on intermediaries for loans, forming cycles of debt and financial dependency, shar-ing catch income to repay loans. A qualitative method was adopted, including interviews and obser-vations with 75 fishermen and 11 representatives from government, academia, the private sector, the community, and the media. The modified Business Model Canvas (BMC) was used as a collaborative ana-lysis framework to map value flows, resources, and intersectoral collaboration mechanisms in local wisdom-based capture fisheries governance and patterns. The results showed that the pentahelix method effectively broadened financial access and improved fisheries governance through supportive policies, innovation, and market connection. Integrating local wisdom, such as barter trading systems, catch-sharing based on honesty and fairness, as well as ethical fishing practices, strengthened social cohesion and lowered default risk. The model promoted sustainable marine resource management, offering an inclusive, equitable, and resilient fisheries pathway in Jayapura. This collaborative frame-work could guide sustainable small-scale fisheries development in similar contexts.
This study examines how innovative work behavior (IWB) mediates the effects of transformational lead-ership and digital organizational culture on employee performance within InJourney Group, Indonesia’s state-owned tourism holding. Despite accelerating digital transformation, empirical evidence remains li-mited regarding how leadership and digital culture jointly stimulate employee-level innovation in com-plex state-owned enterprise (SOE) environments characterized by bureaucratic structures and cross-en-tity coordination. A quantitative causal-explanatory design was employed using survey data from 400 employees across six business entities. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equa-tion Modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate measurement and structural relationships, including mediation effects. The findings reveal that transformational leadership and digital organizational culture signif-icantly enhance both IWB and performance, while IWB exerts the strongest direct influence on perfor-mance and partially mediates both relationships. The structural model demonstrates moderate-high ex-planatory power for employee performance (R² = 0.635), with all hypothesized relationships remaining positive and statistically significant. The study advances an integrated Resource-Based View (RBV) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) framework by positioning leadership and digital culture as strategic intangible resources translated into performance through IWB. Practically, the findings empha-size that digital transformation in SOEs succeeds not merely through technology adoption, but through leader-ship-driven innovation, psychological safety, and collaborative culture.
This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of learning agility in the relationship between knowledge sharing, organizational climate, and organizational performance of civil servants in Balai Diklat Keagamaan. An explanatory quantitative design was adopted, and data from 307 civil servants selected through stratified random sampling across 14 regions in Indonesia were analyzed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that learning agility produced the strongest overall direct effect on organizational performance (β = 0.417, p < 0.001). Furthermore, organizational climate had a direct effect (β = 0.397, p < 0.001), that significantly exceeded the direct effect of knowledge sharing (β = 0.142, p = 0.022). The study model has high predictive power for organizational performance (R² = 0.647) and excellent fit. Theoretically, an important gap was addressed by validating a contextualized learning agility model incorporating Technological Flexibility and Cross-Functional Collaboration in the Indonesian bureaucratic context. In contrast to traditional performance studies, the results emphasized the crucial need for structural human resource reforms to ensure state agencies’ resilience and responsiveness in the contemporary disruptive era.
This study explores the impact of personalized marketing, digital innovation, and service quality on patient engagement and satisfaction in health care, focused on Generation Z patients in urban hospitals expecting tailored experiences, smooth digital interactions and high-quality services shaping their healthcare behavior. The purpose of this study is to examine how personalized marketing strategies such as targeted health campaigns, tailored communication and customized patient interactions along with digital innovation and service quality, influence patient engagement and satisfaction. Data was collected through surveys and in-depth interviews involving a total sample of 400 Generation Z health-care consumers, selected using stratified random sampling techniques. The findings indicate that personalized marketing, supported by digital innovation and high service quality, significantly enhances both patient engagement and satisfaction. Generation Z respondents reported feeling more valued, understood, and supported by their healthcare providers. The study concludes that personalized marketing strategies, empowered by digital tools and service excellence, are essential for healthcare providers aiming to build trust, improve patient retention, and meet the expectations of younger healthcare consumers. These findings highlight the importance of integrating digital marketing innovation and service to address the evolving needs of Generation Z patients in today’s digital healthcare landscape.
This study aims to analyze leadership in the digital era, work flexibility, and work-life balance which are closely related to employee work stress levels. The research approach uses a quantitative approach with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method using the AMOS tool. Data were collected from 150 respondents at election organizing institutions through questionnaires. The results of the study indicate that digital leadership has a significant effect on work flexibility and work-life balance, but does not affect work stress reduction. In addition, work flexibility has a relationship with work-life balance but does not significantly affect work stress reduction. However, work-life balance can affect employee stress reduction. Implications for policy makers, with the importance of digital leadership in encouraging a work flexibility system that can balance work life, so that it is necessary to create a healthier and more productive workplace. Organizations need to consider work system strategies that focus on work-life balance to avoid increased stress; therefore, flexible work is needed that is integrated with the leader's digitalization capabilities.
This study analyzes the direct effects of competency development and work balance on adaptive employees' performance and digital innovation as a mediating variable among employees. Using an interpretative quantitative approach, primary data was collected through a Likert scale questionnaire Likert scale questionnaire distributed to 130 employees who were selected based on their relevance to the agile and digital environment. sampling based on their relevance to an agile and digital environment. Data analysis was conducted using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS software. The results showed that competency development and work balance did not significantly affect adaptive employees' performance. However, digital innovation significantly mediates the relationship between competency development and adaptive employee performance. In contrast, digital innovation does not significantly mediate the relationship between work balance to adaptive employee performance. These findings suggest that improving adaptive employee performance will be more effective if it focuses on improving competency development that is aligned with digital innova tion in the agile era.
Entrepreneurship education plays a role in supporting the green economy by developing students who are innovative, independent, and socially responsible. These traits are essential for fostering sustainable business practices, innovation drives the creation of environmentally friendly solutions, independence drives proactive action in addressing environmental challenges, and social responsibility ensures appropriate decision-making with long term ecological impacts. This study examines the effect of a project-based learning model that integrates entrepreneurship and environmental desires on students' entrepreneurial character. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 400 high school students in East Java and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using AMOS. The findings indicate that education significantly increases awareness of green economy principles and supports students' entrepreneurship. However, although entrepreneurial character is positively associated with students' entrepreneurship, the relationship is not statistically significant. Similarly, the green economy contributes to character development, although its direct impact on entrepreneurship is also insignificant. These results highlight the importance of instilling green economy principles in entrepreneurship education as a foundation for building a generation of entrepreneurs committed to innovation, independence, and environmental responsibility.
As digital payment systems become increasingly integrated into everyday transactions, understanding user expectations and perceptions has become critical for service innovation and adoption. This study investigates how perceptions of benefits, convenience, and risk influence user expectations of digital payment systems among university students. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected via questionnaires from 96 accounting students at the University of Muhammadiyah Makassar, selected from a population of 2,770 using Slovin’s formula. SmartPLS 3.0 software was employed to analyze the structural model through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that perceptions of benefits, convenience, and risk all have significant positive effects on digital payment expectations. Additionally, the study examines the moderating role of user experience duration. Results show that user experience significantly moderates the relationship between benefit perception and expectations, as well as between risk perception and expectations, but does not moderate the relationship between convenience perception and expectations. These insights underscore the importance of trust and familiarity in shaping digital payment expectations, particularly among experienced users. The study contributes theoretically by integrating trust and perception frameworks, and methodologically by offering a structured approach to analyzing expectation formation in digital financial services.
The quality of education in Madrasah schools depends significantly on how teachers perform. This study evaluates how Total Quality Management (TQM) and teacher training programs affect teacher performance while examining TQM as a moderating factor. The research employs a quantitative design which adopted simple random sampling through the Slovin formula to select 303 respondents from a population of 1,245 teachers spread across 13 cities and regencies. The researchers gathered data through questionnaires and applied Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using PLS software to analyze these da-ta. The results demonstrate significant positive effects of training programs and TQM on teacher performance while showing that TQM strengthens the impact of training on teacher performance. TQM increases the effect of training on teacher performance by promoting data-driven decision-making, and a culture of continuous improvement. The findings demonstrate that educational quality will advance through the integration of TQM into teacher training programs. The recommendation aligns with the findings that support establishing a systematic teacher training framework based on TQM in Madrasah education to improve learning results.
Family-based companies are the pillars of the economy in many countries, but many fail to survive. Based on the theory of business symbiosis, this study investigates the influence of mutualism and entrepreneurial coexistence on the sustainability of family businesses. The study uses quantitative methods. A total of 210 respondents were selected using convenience non-random sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using a covariance-based structural equation model. The results of hypothesis testing prove that a significant influence exists between variables, and entrepreneurial coexistence partially mediates the influence of mutualism on the sustainability of family businesses. Mutualism fosters a collaborative environment that, in turn, positively impacts family business performance. Establishing clear boundaries between family, ownership, and business matters, encouraging open communication, and promoting professional development among family and non-family personnel are all key elements toward sustaining a successful symbiotic relationship. From a practical standpoint, family enterprises must actively manage the inherent tension between emotional attachment and professionalism. Expanding family-business symbiosis theories show how mutualism and entrepreneurial coexistence maintain advantageous dynamics in family enterprises, improving sustainable family operations. Our research emphasizes the work of the theory of family business symbiosis as an alternate theory for sustaining family enterprise.
Knowledge management plays a crucial role in enhancing institutional competitiveness within the rapidly evolving knowledge-based economy. This study aims to formulate effective knowledge manage-ment strategies for the Applied Manufacturing Engineering Undergraduate Program at T University, which faces structural challenges, including an aging faculty demographic and audit findings indicating low competitiveness. A quantitative, descriptive-analytical approach was employed, integrating the American Productivity and Quality Centre (APQC) model, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and the TAIDA (Tracking, Analyzing, Imaging, Deciding, Acting) framework. The APQC model assessed knowledge management maturity, AHP identified strategic priorities, and TAIDA guided scenario deve-lopment. Findings reveal four strategic priorities are developing an integrated digital platform, strengthening industry collaboration and co-creation, optimizing local and tacit knowledge, and imple-menting community-based governance. The integrated APQC–AHP–TAIDA approach improved knowl-edge flow efficiency, bridged intergenerational gaps, and enhanced competitiveness through adaptive go-vernance. The study concludes by recommending a digital evaluation model for curriculum and research partnerships, as well as human resource regeneration policies oriented toward sustainable vocational knowledge management.
This study investigated the determinants of electric vehicle (EV) purchase intentions in Batam, Indonesia, utilizing the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) framework. We examined how four external stimuli government support, perceived monetary benefits, technology orientation, and perceived risk influence consumer attitude and subsequent purchase intention. Data collected from 356 potential EV adopters via purposive sampling were analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results indicate that government support, per-ceived monetary benefits, and technology orientation significantly enhance consumer attitude, which, in turn, strongly strengthens purchase intention. This confirms attitude as a central psychological me-chanism mediating the SOR process in EV adoption. However, perceived risk was found to have no significant effect on either attitude or intention, suggesting that a strong policy-supported environment in Batam might mitigate consumer concerns regarding EV technology. These findings validate the SOR framework's application in understanding EV adoption in developing markets. Practically, the study em-phasizes that accelerating the transition to sustainable mobility requires continued government fiscal incentives, sustained technological advancements, and effective public awareness campaigns. By strengthening these positive stimuli, policymakers and practitioners can significantly enhance consumer readiness and contribute to national green-transportation goals.
This research investigates the relationships among Attitude Toward Behavior (ATB), Behavioral Intention (BI), Environmental Knowledge (EK), Purchase Intention (PI), and Perceived Consumer Effecti-veness (PCE) concerning Ecologically Conscious Consumer Behaviour (ECCB), focusing specifically on individuals aged 15–30 years. A quantitative research design was employed, using a convenience sam-pling method with 475 respondents. Data was collected via a structured survey and analyzed using SEM-PLS. The study assessed both direct and indirect effects to understand the mediating roles of BI and PI. The findings reveal that all tested direct and indirect paths are significant. ATB positively influences BI and PI. BI significantly affects ECCB and PI. EK shapes BI, ECCB, and PI. Finally, PI contributes to ECCB. Mediation analysis indicates that EK, PI, and BI serve as dominant mediators in both single and sequential mediation. This study strengthens the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework by empirically de-monstrating that positive ATB, EK, and PCE are crucial in shaping ethical consumption patterns among young people. The results highlight the pressing need to promote environmental awareness and empo-wer young consumers through focused educational initiatives and green marketing approaches that translate positive intentions into real sustainable practices.
This study examines how perceived benefits, system effectiveness, and perceived risks shape consumer interest in using ShopeePay as a digital payment platform in Indonesia. As digital payment adoption accelerates, understanding the key determinants of user preference becomes increasingly important for service providers. Data were collected from 185 active ShopeePay users through a structured question-naire and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that system effectiveness and perceived risks significantly influence consumer interest, whereas perceived benefits do not show a meaningful impact. These results suggest that users prioritize operational performance, transaction reliability, and security considerations over general convenience when evaluating digital payment plat-forms. This study contributes to the business and consumer behavior literature by offering empirical insights into the factors that drive e-wallet usage. Practical implications highlight the importance for fin-tech providers to strengthen service efficiency, enhance security features, and communicate system reliability to improve user engagement and competitive positioning.
This study examines how technological innovation and financial technology support job creation in the MSME sector of Cilacap Regency, with digital entrepreneurship serving as a mediating variable. The re-search addresses the ongoing gap between strong MSME growth and limited employment absorption at both the national and regional levels. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines survey-based quantitative analysis using Structural Equation Modeling with qualitative insights from interviews that clarify technology adoption patterns, barriers to fintech use, and challenges in digital literacy. The find-ings indicate that innovation and fintech adoption positively affect job creation directly and through digital entrepreneurship, demonstrating the value of digital transformation for small business growth. However, these gains are constrained by unequal access to digital tools, limited technological readiness, and persistent literacy gaps among MSME actors. The study underscores the need for targeted digital em-powerment efforts, expanded access to technology, and stronger capacity-building programs to enhance MSME competitiveness. Strengthening digital skills and improving fintech utilization can support broa-der employment opportunities and contribute to regional economic resilience. These measures are essential for ensuring that digital transformation produces inclusive benefits, enables sustainable MSME development, and strengthens the overall capacity of local enterprises to generate stable employment in the region.
Rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have transformed online retail, yet many studies still empha-sise technical performance rather than the psychological mechanisms through which AI-driven experi-ences shape consumer value. This gap is evident in emerging markets such as Indonesia, where enthuse-asm for AI coexists with persistent concerns about data transparency and system reliability. Addressing this issue, the present study examines how AI-based shopping experiences influence consumer value by incorporating two mediating variables: AI Cognition, consumers’ understanding, Cognitive Load, Deci-sion Making, and Cognitive Bias in AI, and Attitude toward AI, which reflects their emotional and evalua-tive responses. A quantitative survey involving 150 active e-commerce users who had interacted with AI features (recommendation systems, chatbots, and personalisation tools) was analysed using SEM–PLS. The findings show that AI-based shopping experiences significantly enhance consumer value, both di-rectly and indirectly. Among the mediators, Attitude toward AI emerged as the dominant pathway, indi-cating that emotional acceptance plays a more influential role than cognitive appraisal in translating AI-driven experiences into perceived value. These results highlight that strengthening users’ emotional comfort and positive evaluations of AI is essential for maximising value creation, offering important im-plications for both theory and the design of consumer-centred AI systems.
This study investigates the influence of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation (IEO) on digital tech-nology adoption, value creation, and MSME performance in Jambi City, Indonesia. Using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with 165 respondents, the study examines how IEO drives the use of social media, artificial intelligence (AI), and Big Data, as well as economic and social va-lue creation. The results show that IEO significantly promotes digital adoption and economic value crea-tion, while its effect on social value creation is not significant. In terms of performance, AI and Big Data exhibit significant positive effects, whereas social media shows no effect, reflecting its use mainly for visibility rather than strategic or analytical purposes. Notably, even the significant paths display rela-tively small Beta coefficients, indicating that the influence of digital adoption on performance remains modest. Economic and social value creation similarly do not enhance performance, suggesting that these capabilities have not yet matured into strategic strengths. Overall, the findings emphasize that although entrepreneurial behavior supports early-stage digital adoption, meaningful performance improvements require deeper integration of advanced technologies and stronger organizational capabilities.
