مطالعات مدیریت راهبردی

With the emergence of the third wave of human civilization, small and medium-sized companies, especially small and medium-sized companies active in the information technology industry, in the synergy of knowledge and wealth, the prosperity of the knowledge-based economy, the achievement of economic development, the commercialization of innovations in the field of technology They play a more prominent role [29]. These companies are the dominant force in the world economy and form the backbone of the global economy. From the perspective of the European Commission, small and medium-sized companies are companies whose number of employees is less than two hundred and fifty [25]. In recent years, small and medium-sized companies have been recognized as the main source of job creation in developing and developed countries. These companies play an important role in creating innovation and are more exposed to exit risks, especially in the early years [15].Despite the important role of small and medium-sized companies in the global economy, and despite the support of these types of companies in this field, Iran is still a nascent country, and it has a long way to go to create suitable infrastructure. . On the other hand, lack of attention to appropriate marketing has caused the failure of most of these companies, the attraction of their products and services faces the problem of customer satisfaction, and finally it causes the waste of resources in these companies. On the other side of this list, providing the context and using the components of entrepreneurial orientation in small and medium-sized technology-oriented businesses improves performance, improves capital efficiency and grows the networks of these companies [30].The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the views of company owners in the use of digital marketing using the Q application technique in manufacturing companies in Kermanshah. This research is exploratory in terms of its purpose and practical in terms of its use. The implementation method of this research is the application of Q. The statistical population of this research includes all experts in production companies in Kermanshah. The number of manufacturing companies in Kermanshah is 650 active companies that are also active in the field of digital technology and marketing. The sampling method is non-probability purposeful snowball sampling. From among these people, 15 were selected until reaching theoretical saturation and they answered the questions of the questionnaire using semi-structured in-depth interview method. For data analysis, Max Kyuda version 22 software was used for open coding and SPSS 28 was used for factor analysis. According to the conducted interviews, in this research it can be said that 31 concepts were extracted from the interviews, and these 31 concepts; Functional and up-to-date design, appropriate hardware, internet speed, less manpower, manpower skill, manpower creativity, side costs, hardware price, internet price, filtering, related laws, government policies, time, advertising content, Using the right tools, professional advertising, technology-based communication, customer focus, easy access and convenience, activity-related content, low-volume content, service and support, capital preservation, contract management, existing data analysis, decision-making The basis of available data is appropriate service, customer feedback, customer satisfaction, service improvement, and optimal tools. Based on the results of the exploratory factor analysis, there are two mental models for understanding the mentality of people in relation to the use of digital marketing, which includes the application-oriented model, the management model, and the customer-oriented model. It is suggested that the managers of the companies do not evaluate the digital marketing opportunities with the specialists of this matter in their company and measure their success rate by trial testing these opportunities and if they are successful, they will be useful in the profitability of their company.

Introduction Consumer behavior has been one of the most important topics of attention of marketing researchers in recent decades. The variety and variety of consumer behavior is due to the variety of factors affecting individual behavior and individual motivation to buy. In the new business, Internet marketing is considered an important part of the marketing activities of any business name. In fact, with the emergence of virtual organizations, Internet marketing has become a basic need for the possibility of movement and continued development. One of the communication tools in today's business world is social media. Considering that the existence of marketing is dependent on the environment, this research has been conducted with the aim of how environmental noise affects the consumer's purchase intention in social media marketing. Considering that in the last three years, the desire of consumers to buy from social networks has increased in the conditions of the Covid pandemic, and since marketers are looking to shape the consumer's decision in a dynamic and competitive environment, and considering the increase and variety of advertisements and the ever-increasing progress The methods of presenting and introducing products in social media marketing systems, the main problem of this research can be expressed as follows: How will marketing signals be effective in the social media environment? What factors affect the intention of customers to buy food in the social media environment? Which environmental factors affect consumer behavior in social media space? Methodology This research is practical in terms of its objective, and in terms of the quantitative research approach, it has a descriptive survey strategy. The statistical population of this research includes all the customers of food stores in Tehran, and the statistical sample of this research includes 302 customers who were planning to buy food from the store at the time of the research. The data collection tool is a questionnaire and a structural equation model with Smart PLS software was used for data analysis. The results of this research show that the variables of persuasive message signals, the type and value of the product, and the content and the way the message is designed have a positive and significant effect on consumer behavior, as well as the variables of the content and the way the message is designed and the type and value of the product have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention, but contrary to the conducted research, the variable of persuasive messages has a negative effect on the purchase intention. Results and Discussion Purchase intention shows the probability of customers buying, according to Schiffman and Canuck, the decision to buy a product (purchase intention) largely depends on the value of the product and the recommendation of other consumers. For example, when a product is shared in the social space, users share and discuss the features of that product, and the positive or negative points presented about that product lead to the intention to buy or not to buy that product. Social media are increasingly accessible to everyone and such media are used at all times and places. These media have emerged as a digital communication channel through which consumers can purchase their desired brands and they evaluate them and through these media, they share their information with others and communicate with brands (a significant percentage of people transmit information to others through social media. Also, social media is one of the channels It has been reported that consumers receive information about the goods or services they need in order to make a final purchase through these social media; therefore, companies are trying to understand the purchase intention, drivers, and also the effect of social media on these factors. Considering that knowledge of purchase intention and consumption is an important and fundamental condition for the prosperity of businesses and economic enterprises, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of persuasive message signals, the type and value of the product, the content and the way the message is designed on the intention and the buying behavior of customers is evaluated by evaluating the mediating effect of consumer behavior in social media marketing. Conclusion Consumer behavior also has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. The mediating role of consumer behavior variable was confirmed for the relationship between the type and value of product and content and message design with customers' purchase intention. It is very difficult to measure consumer behavior according to cultural and religious patterns. Due to the economic situation and the increase in prices, most consumers prioritize economic savings over other factors. In this regard, it is suggested that researchers investigate the impact of pricing methods on consumer behavior in social media marketing in future research.

Aim and Introduction: Nowadays, with changes and instability, the business environment has become more complicated, and organizations need to change their past strategies to understand and meet customer needs faster and more competitively than competitors. Accordingly, the business survival is an important functional feature that is heavily dependent on the strategic Planning of the parent companies. The decisions that parent companies make to choose maternal practices determine the business survival level. Therefore, strategic planning is used as one of the methods of controlling parent companies for the long -term business survival of subsidiary. However, parent companies cannot compete with their main competitors regardless of strategic innovation. However, strategic innovation is considered as a sustainable competitive advantage of companies; but in some cases, companies have not been able to achieve favorable economic returns through this way. Previous studies have shown that strategic flexibility is a prelude to strategic innovation and has a significant relationship with product innovation and corporate survival. However, previous studies have sometimes identified contradictory results from the impact of strategic flexibility and strategic planning for business survival. Prommarat et al. (2015) considers strategic flexibility to be important for adaptation, value creation and business survival; But Armstrong (2013) points out that flexibility-based strategies, has a negative impact on business survival. Given that there are different and sometimes contradictory results on the impact of strategic planning on innovation and strategic survival, and the mediating role of strategic flexibility in the relationship between strategic planning and strategic survival in earlier studies has not been clarified; Therefore, this study, in order to address this research gap, develops a conceptual framework for the relationship between strategic planning, strategic flexibility, strategic innovation and strategic survival, analyzing and describing the role of these structures in both parent companies and subsidiary business. This study examines the impact of strategic planning of parent companies on strategic innovation and strategic survival of subsidiaries by analyzing the role of strategic flexibility in TAPICO Holding. Answering the questions of how strategic planning for parent companies can be useful for strategic innovation and strategic survival of subsidiary businesses? And what is the role of the strategic flexibility of subsidiary units in the relationship between strategic planning, strategic innovation and strategic survival?Methodology: This research is applied in purpose and is a descriptive nature of the survey. The statistical population of the study is 482 senior and middle managers of 42 subsidiaries from five different industrial and management groups operating under the supervision of TAPICO Holding. Due to the problems of the fingerprint rules, the sample size of this study was determined by 222 people using the power test and G-Power software, and 280 questionnaires were distributed and at 82.5 %, Finally 225 questionnaires were based on analysis. Standard questions were used to measure variables. Strategic planning in parent companies is based on 5 questions focused on long-term programs based on strategic goals, corporate strategies, future resources, reform processes, and continuous analysis and interpretation of environmental by AlQershi (2021) research questionnaire. Strategic flexibility based on 6 questions by research of Rosovich (2018) focusing on ease of regeneration of procedures, reform and rapid reaction, strategies control, timing of alternative resource use, implementation and active development of new projects and reset is a resource chain. Strategic Innovation with 7 research questions based on Karasneh (2019) and focusing on new production or improving current products, creating new supply products, new problem-solving methods, allocation of resources for research and development, searching and discovering new market opportunities, Using high-level technologies, improving product quality and reducing costs have been measured. The strategic survival includes 8 closed questions by Barbosa (2016) and focused on cash accessibility, stored cash, account turnover, geographical market extent, market segmentation, sales estimation and risk tolerance adapted. Data analysis was done using structural equation and Smart PLS software. In this study based on the viewpoint of Hair et al. (2018) after the validity of the measurement model (convergence and divergent validity) and its reliability (Cronbach's Alfa and composite Reliability), structural model quality indices to ensure the coefficient of determination (R²), The effect size (F2) and the predicting quality (Q2) were calculated. To measure mediators, the Variance Accounted for (VAF) test method was developed in accordance with Hair et al. (2018) is used. Finally, for the prediction power of the variables, the Importance-Performance Map Analyzed and interpreted based on the output of the structural model is used.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of hypotheses testing with direct effect show that strategic planning by 0.547 coefficient effects on strategic flexibility, and by 0.223 coefficient effects on strategic innovation and by 0.363 coefficient effects on strategic survival. In addition, strategic flexibility by 0.686 coefficient effects on strategic innovation and by 0.411 coefficient effects on strategic survival. Strategic innovation also effects on strategic survival by 0.788 coefficient. The intensity result of mediation based on the Variance Accounted for (VAF) test shows that strategic planning with the role of strategic flexibility by 0.255 coefficient and the role of strategic innovation by 0.173 coefficient effects on strategic survival of subsidiary. In addition, strategic planning with a mediating role of strategic innovation by 0.375 coefficient, effects on strategic survival and ultimately, strategic flexibility with the mediating role of strategic innovation and 0.534 coefficient effects on strategic survival. This study shows important managerial consequences for TAPICO Holding subsidiaries as well as and macro industry policymakers. Therefore, applications are offered for industrial managers and strategic planners. Intensive communication of business executives with external factors to gain environmental information and knowledge and continuous scouting of changes increases the likelihood of business survival; Therefore, industrial managers and planners should focus on resource flexibility and coordinate between internal factors and external resources while modifying source -based production processes, integrating long -term goals in different holding groups. The present study expanded the literature of strategic management by filling out the research gap and highlighting the role of variables affecting strategic survival in businesses.

The Lived Experience Managers in Farhangian University on Organizational Excellence(Case Study: University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan & Hamedan)Aim and Introduction: Today, every organization needs processes according to its long-term and short-term goals so that it can be on the right path of goals and excellence. Organizational excellence models provide appropriate frameworks for identifying areas that can be improved and identifying weak and strong points, and organizational pathology using excellence models is a way to gain a sustainable competitive advantage. be paid Using organizational excellence models to evaluate the current situation, planning for any fundamental changes, innovation, organizational learning, raising the level of service quality, using information technology and customer satisfaction will be effective. Therefore, the question arises, what is the status of service quality in the path of excellence based on the organizational excellence model in the studied statistical population? And how can one take an effective step in improving the quality and efficiency of Farhangian University by presenting the organizational excellence promotion model and achieve the excellence and excellence of the university?This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the lived experience of Farhangian University managers of organizational excellence in Farhangian University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamedan. This research, using a combined exploratory method, seeks to answer the question of what are the components of organizational excellence in Farhangian University and what model is the organizational excellence in this university basically affected by.Methodology: The data collection of this research is done in the qualitative part using in-depth semi-structured interviews and this research is done in a qualitative way. The statistical community of this research includes the managers of Farhangian University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamedan, which according to the statistics of these universities are about 177 people. are selected as statistical population. The method of this qualitative research is exploratory type, which was done with grounded theory technique. The statistical population of the research includes the directors of Farhangian University, 15 people were purposefully selected as the study sample and in-depth interviews were taken from them.Findings: The method of interview analysis was three stages of coding, and after a more detailed examination and the link between sub-category concepts, 11 core categories were obtained, which are: knowledge orientation, succession planning, stabilization of desirable results, networks and communication skills, organizational efficiency. , human resources, joint creation of value, competitiveness of the organization, empowerment, elite leaders and the identification of points that can be improved. The means of elite and excellent managers, together with the identification of points that can be improved and efficient, leads to the joint creation of sustainable values and the development of succession." It appeared that it can cover all other categories. Therefore, considering the fact that universities, especially Farhangian University and higher education institutions, are among the most important scientific institutions in the production of knowledge and technology and the education of students, they should always be on the path of excellence and be among the top organizations, moving in advance of the competitive environment. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the modeling of this research show the fact that the effect of all variables on the dependent variable of organizational excellence in Farhangian University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamedan was significant. In a general conclusion, it can be said that all the results in structural equation modeling overlap with the results of hypothesis testing in Spss software. Therefore, the locally developed model for the basis of organizational excellence in Farhangian University of Kermanshah, Kurdistan and Hamadan has high credibility and is acceptable for implementation in other universities and scientific centers of the country. The advantages and consequences of this model include creating loyal and satisfied customers, successful leaders, creating a clear understanding of the organizational goal, managing changes, creating more motivation in the organization's stakeholders, effective and better use of organizational information, making organizational operations more efficient, creating He pointed out the opportunities for improvement in the organization, minimizing redundancies, and innovation and creativity and added value in the organization. By using the research excellence model, the university can evaluate its success in implementing improvement programs at different times and will have the possibility to compare its performance with other universities, especially with the best ones. Considering the fact that universities, especially Farhangian University and higher education institutions, are among the major scientific institutions responsible for the training of committed human resources and experts in the education system, as leaders of the country's human resources cycle, it should always be on the path of excellence and among the organizations Sarmad, the competitive environment of scientific universities should be on the move. Therefore, the continuous improvement of quality resulting from the implementation of the organizational excellence model is the basis for improving the competitive advantage of educational institutions and higher education institutions. Therefore, Farhangian University, as a mission-oriented university in the education of the country's education system specialists, can achieve excellence and improve quality among the country's universities and institutions of higher education. And as a qualitative university, it should play a role in the dynamism and effectiveness of human resources of society and increase the quality of social services, excellence and excellence of society.

IntroductionThe emergence of digital platforms is increasing as a result of technology development [4]. Although organizations consider digital platforms as a very important way to achieve technological innovation, the platform companies themselves also need innovation to be the leader and achieve a superior competitive position in the market, because digital platform capability is only one capability that alone cannot directly affect the company's competitive advantage and innovation, and this capability requires "activating some activities" that affect innovative functions through performing "specific behaviors"[3]. In this regard, despite the fact that researches have been conducted in the field of capabilities that affect value proposition innovation [5, 6], the enablers capabilities of value proposition innovation, especially in the context of the platform, have not been comprehensively addressed. In order to emphasize this matter, [1] emphasized that there are limited researches regarding the drivers and consequences of value proposition innovation. Based on this gap in the existing literature, the question is raised as to what capabilities platforms can use to innovate the value proposition of actors. In fact, this research, with a comprehensive look at platform capabilities, seeks to identify capabilities that can enable the innovation of value proposition of the platform actors.Methodology In order to develop theory in the context of the platform's value proposition, this study was conducted using an exploratory approach. The paradigm of the current research is interpretative and among the various interview-based qualitative research strategies, thematic analysis was chosen in this study to discover the views of the respondents/informants. In order to provide relevant and extensive information about the subject under study, theoretical and targeted sampling was used both for platform selection and expert selection. Then, semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with managers, consultants and owners of 12 platform companies including platform managers and consultants. Finally, the data were analyzed in three stages (open, axial and selective coding).Results and Discussion Platform capabilities are classified into three capability categories according to the multiple actors participating in platform businesses. This means that the main actors of each platform, i.e. platform owners, customers or users on the demand side and suppliers and providers of products and services on the supply side, each have capabilities that each of these capabilities can be considered as an enabler of value proposition innovation. The capabilities of the platform include marketing capabilities, technology infrastructure capabilities, value proposition alignment capabilities, market sensing capabilities, crowdsourcing capabilities, and big data analysis capabilities. Knowledge sharing/management capabilities, adaptability and digital proficiency skills are among the demand side capabilities and finally relational capabilities, continuous quality improvement, networking and market learning are among the supply side capabilities that companies can use to create value proposition innovation. Conclusion Like other businesses, platform leaders face not only ongoing opportunities but also competitive pressures to innovate. Therefore, in the face of almost constant changes and innovative pressures in the current business environment in which digital platforms operate, innovation capabilities and a sense of opportunities and threats are essential [2]. But since platforms are not like traditional businesses and as their name (multi- sided platforms) suggests, they are dependent on different parties or groups for their survival, the concept of value and innovative value should also be considered for different groups because of their nature. It is such that without applying such a comprehensive view, innovation will also fail. Therefore, the current research has addressed these capabilities as drivers and enablers of value innovation. The results showed that in order to achieve value innovation, multiple actors including platform owners, suppliers of products and services (supply side) and customers or end users (supply side) must have the capabilities to be able to engage in joint innovation. Some of these capabilities directly contribute to innovation. For example, among platform capabilities that include marketing capabilities, information technology infrastructure, aligning the value proposition of actors, market sensing, crowdsourcing, and big data analysis, it seems that information technology infrastructure capabilities, market sensing , crowdsourcing and big data analysis lead directly to innovation while, the other two cases enable value innovation through creating trust and increasing engagement of different actors. Customers, in turn, should be equipped with capabilities such as the ability to adapt to platform businesses through training and gaining awareness and receiving consulting services, digital skills through the acquisition of media literacy skills, and the ability to produce digital content in order to participate in Innovation as well as the ability to manage/share knowledge so that they can take effective steps in this direction by gaining more awareness. Finally, service providers, especially by strengthening the capability of continuous quality improvement and market learning, directly create innovation, and communication and networking capabilities are considered to be their enablers in the path of value innovation.

Introduction The study of science and technology parks literature shows that approaches based on regional economy, technological and industrial clusters, and innovation systems are the basis for creating science and technology parks. The main idea of the formation of science and technology parks is to develop technology and entrepreneurship and promote innovation culture through managing the flow of knowledge and technology between universities, research institutes and private companies and the market. In the past years, many policymakers, academics and company managers have increasingly recognized the benefits of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. Accordingly, the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystem means thinking and action have been used to design entrepreneurial policies. Examining the research reports indicates that a small number of technological businesses enjoy parking services in the life cycle of the company, which is caused by two categories of factors, the first includes the macro issues, such as reduction of government budgets, lack of management efficient systems, sanctions and bottlenecks in international communication, lack of participation of the private sector, and the second includes lack of experience of the park headquarters in managing technology and innovation, crisis management and solving upcoming challenges, and issues such as managing interactions, resilience and sustainability of businesses. Hence, the purpose of this research is to provide a framework for evaluating the entrepreneurial ecosystem of science and technology parks, because according to the experiences gained, providing the framework prevents the partiality and insularity of science and technology parks in drafting programs to support entrepreneurial processes and minimizes parallel work and waste of resources. Methodology The research is qualitative and based on systematic grounded theory. The data of the research was collected through semi-structured interviews including 15 experts in the field of entrepreneurship and science and technology parks of the country until reaching theoretical saturation and purposeful sampling was done by theoretical and snowball method. The statistical population of this research consists of experts related to the field of research. Sampling is also purposeful and in the form of snowballs. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Furthermore, results evaluation criteria are as follows: 1. Matching, 2. Ability to understand, 3. Ability to generalize, 4. Control, 5- Practical relevance, 6- Efficiency, and 7- Modifyability. For determining the overall validity of the model in this research, the ratio test wass used to measure the validity of the ground theory. Results and Discussion Data analysis was also done with the Strauss and Corbin approach in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The result showed that causal-conditions (characteristics of ecosystem place structures, entrepreneurship policies and ecosystem place entrepreneurship indicators), contextual-conditions (financial, human, physical and intangible infrastructure, capacity building, promotion, enablers), Intervening-conditions (adaptability, elimination of tension, resilience), strategies (inside- and outside- entrepreneurial ecosystem interactions), outcomes (wealth creation, workforce, businesses), pivotal include, evaluation the entrepreneurial ecosystem of science and technology parks (with indicators of support, mediation, technical opportunism, and help for explotation of opportunity). Conclusion Unfortunately, science and technology parks rarely evaluate the entrepreneurial ecosystem created by themselves and only rely on performance evaluation results. A short-term solution in this field is to sensitize the officials of the parks and the Ministry of Science to the issue of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, so that they consider the evaluation of the entrepreneurial ecosystem along with the evaluation of the park’s performance, because the most important task of the park is streamlining and creating stable connections to carry out its missions. Considering the financial constraints and the threatening environmental conditions of the country, the best strategy is to use the capabilities of the ecosystems in a win-win relationship to advance the park’s goals.The proposed framework can be used as a basis for evaluation the establishment or development of entrepreneurial ecosystem of science and technology parks. To this end, the following suggestions are presented: 1. It is suggested that in future research, the framework presented in this research should be used to evaluate the entrepreneurial ecosystem of other Science and Technology Parks of the Ministry of Science across the country with a wider population and statistical sample and compare the results with these results. 2. It is suggested to conduct comparative studies to take advantage of the situation of other countries in evaluating the entrepreneurial ecosystem of science and technology parks in the world. 3. It is suggested that the evaluation framework of the entrepreneurship ecosystem of science and technology parks related to executive bodies and specialized parks be designed and its results be compared with this research

Considering the key role of storage tank capacity in increasing and sustainability of oil production and preventing daily fluctuations due to production-related operational problems as well as maintaining storage capacity in oil exports, minimizing all costs and being included in the service of tanks is the main strategy at the Ministry of Petroleum.The resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) is one of the most important problems in the field of project management that has attracted a lot of researchers in recent years. Combining this with other project management problems has recently become very common.Classical approaches such as the critical chain assume that project resources are unlimited. However, this assumption does not make sense in most projects. Subsequently, the resource constraint assumption was added to the model. Such problems are called resource-constrained project scheduling problems (RCPSP).Most studies assume that activities are performed in an ideal setting and that the proposed schedule can be executed exactly according to plan. The existence of uncontrollable factors such as lack of access to resources, the addition of unforeseen activities to the project, and bad weather conditions practically lead to the failure to achieve the project objectives in the desired time. This can bring significant costs to the project. Therefore, one of the main challenges facing construction projects is the existence of uncontrollable factors. The effect of these factors on the project can be greatly reduced if different scenarios are predicted in the planning done for the project and the planning is done based on these scenarios. A robust optimization is a new approach that has been proposed in recent years to deal with data uncertainty in various scenarios. In this approach, near-optimal solutions are considered that are highly feasible and resistant to change. In other words, the feasibility of the solution obtained in different scenarios is guaranteed by slightly deviating from the value of the objective function. Accordingly, in this study, a robust optimization approach is used to deal with changes in different scenarios to minimize the effect of different modes of events in the project on the accuracy of the plans made. In real conditions, ignoring some limitations and realities in modeling can reduce the applicability of the proposed model. Therefore, in this study, several important issues in modeling are considered. These issues include non-renewability, perishability, discounts on project resources, uncertainty, and lag times. The following is a brief description of these concepts for more familiarity with them. In this study, a robust planning model for the problem of robust integrated project scheduling and material ordering under uncertainty, lag times, non-renewability, perishability, and various project implementation scenarios was provided. Simultaneous consideration of the above in the model brought the model closer to real-world conditions, made the results more practical, and improved the quality of results. The model had the objective function to minimize the total cost, including ordering, maintenance, purchasing, and penalties for delay minus the bonus for hastening the project delivery. Model robustification was then performed with a possibilistic approach. After providing the model, numerical problems of different sizes were solved using a hybrid solution method of genetic algorithm and GAMS software. Moreover, a sample problem concerning an oil resource repair project and several numerical problems were designed and solved using the desired approach. The results indicated a significant reduction in solution time using the proposed hybrid approach.

The basic and key point in the realization of sustainable development is to obtain affordable, reliable, and clean sources of energy. In other words, energy has a fundamental importance in the realization of a sustainable economy, so researchers consider energy as the blood flowing in the veins of modern society. Despite this fundamental importance, the sustainable supply of energy in the world is still facing wide challenges. In recent years, despite the many capacities of fossil and renewable energy, Iran has faced many fundamental challenges in the field of energy. According to what has been said, the realization of sustainable development without overcoming the challenges of sustainable energy supply is out of mind. On the other hand, it is not possible to overcome the challenges of the energy field without innovation and continuous improvements as drivers of change. It is noteworthy that innovation without using an innovation strategy will be fruitless. The reason for this is that the process of innovation is risky and requires difficult decisions. Therefore, the use of an innovation strategy is necessary to create improvements and changes in the system. Therefore, the proposed research is focused on the concept of innovation strategy. The current research was conducted to analyze the content of the documents of the laws of the development program of Iran from the perspective of exploring sustainable development and innovation strategy in the energy industry. This issue is important because the formulation and support of sustainable development policies can be an important issue in achieving sustainable development. On the other hand, the formulation of innovation policies can be the basis for its realization. This research has used the qualitative method to create a deep understanding of the research concepts. This happens while previous researchers have mostly benefited little from qualitative methods in studying the concept of innovation strategy. On the other hand, the current research has studied the innovation strategy with the goal of sustainable development. The alignment of innovation with sustainable development is an important matter that has been less considered in previous studies. Thus, by examining these deficiencies, the proposed research can complement the gaps of previous research in this field in several ways. The importance of this research is in understanding the background conditions of Iran's energy industry. This can facilitate the paths of achieving sustainable development in the energy industry, improving efficiency and economic stability, improving justice and social inclusiveness, and preserving biodiversity and natural resources. Also, the proposed research through the policy recommendations provided can provide an important tool for company managers, policymakers, or in general decision makers of the energy industry in Iran. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. In terms of strategy, this research has used the library strategy. The current research has used the summary content analysis method to analyze the collected data and the inductive-deductive coding approach to reduce and categorize the data. The content analysis in this research was of a quantitative relationship with neighborhood analysis. To perform the coding process, MaxQDA version 20 software was used. The statistical population of the research was the documents of the laws of the development program of Iran. The current research has studied the entire statistical population. Therefore, sampling was not required. The implementation process of the current research started with theoretical studies and analysis of previous research related to the strategy of innovation and sustainable development. This was done to deepen the theoretical knowledge about the studied concepts and also to identify and define the research concepts and categories. In the next step, the research questions were formulated. The next stage of the current research is devoted to the review of the documents and documents of the development program laws. After this, the collected qualitative data was analyzed. In the last stage, summarization and conclusions were made and research proposals were presented. In this research, to ensure the validity and reliability of the research findings, the validity and reliability of the data were examined. For this purpose, data coding was done carefully and in several stages with time intervals. Also, some experts with experience and expertise in the field of energy and sustainable development re-examined the research results. To be more sure of the reliability of the research findings, the calculation of agreement between two coders or reliability between two coders has also been used. The findings of the research show that the writing and formulation of development plans in Iran have been mainly centered around economic growth. In other words, concepts related to social inclusiveness and environmental protection have been neglected in Iran's development plans. The evidence shows that Iran's development plans have paid significant attention to fossil energies as opposed to renewable energies. In addition to environmental hazards, this can be a serious threat to energy security in Iran. The findings show that despite the relatively high attention of Iran's development plans to the concept of technology, the concept of innovation has not been given much attention. In addition, the emphasis on technological innovation can cause neglect the benefits of non-technological innovations. Following the path of the current research, it is suggested that future researchers use quantitative methods to investigate the impact of innovation strategies on sustainable development in the energy industry. In addition, the realization of the country's development plans can be examined with quantitative methods.

Aim and IntroductionThe purpose of this article is to analyze the interaction of internal and external factors of sustainable development in the free zones of Iran. In other words, identifying the most important internal factors affecting the improvement of external factors and vice versa is considered. For this purpose, the relationships between internal and external factors of sustainable development in the free zones of Iran are analyzed through the analysis of the correlation structure between them. For the success of organizations in a dynamic and changing environment, managers must strive to improve processes and sustainability. Also, in the process of sustainable development, the impact of internal and external factors of sustainability should be examined and analyzed. Based on the importance of free zones in the country's economy, the issue of sustainable development of these zones needs to be considered from different angles and using scientific methods. Given that the multiple relationships between internal and external factors and the direct relationship between internal and external factors, the sustainable development of free zones has not been done with each other, and closing this gap is a necessity. Because, external factors of sustainable development are not within the authority of free zones and depend on organizations, companies and communities. Neglecting the impact of these factors on domestic factors can lead to more costs in achieving sustainable development of free zones. For this purpose, in this study, the relationships between internal and external factors are examined and analyzed to finally achieve sustainable development of free zones based on accurate information and analysis of various aspects to achieve the best achievement at the lowest cost in sustainable development of these zones.MethodologyThe main method in this paper is the canonical correlation analysis method. Using questionnaires containing questions related to internal and external indicators, which are prepared in the form of a five-point Likert option, experts answer it in an online survey. The collected data from internal and external factor questionnaires are analyzed using SPSS 24 software. Then, canonical correlation analysis is performed to study the correlation between internal and external factors of sustainable development of free zones. This canonical correlation is made for the study between two data sets that include seven internal factors in the first set and four external factors in the second set. The statistical population of this study consists of specialists and professors of Payame Noor University and 184 randomly selected statistical sample participated.FindingsAfter performing the canonical correlation analysis method, the findings related to the correlation between canonical variables, the proportion of variance of internal and external factors explained by the first and second set canonical variables, canonical factor loads, and canonical cross-factor loads were obtained. The results, based on the Fisher test show that the correlation of three pairs of canonical variables among the four possible pairs is confirmed at the significance level of 0.05. The correlation of the first canonical pair is equal to 0.994 with a specific value of 9.039. Also, the correlations of the second and the third canonical pair are equal to 0.705 and 0.659, respectively, with special values of 0.989 and 0.767. The calculated values show that 90, 49.7 and 43.4% of the variance in the canonical variables related to external (internal) factors are explained by the canonical variables related to internal (external) factors, respectively. The set of canonical variables related to internal factors represents 65.9% of the sample dispersion of the sample of internal factors, while the three identified canonical variables related to external factors cover 93% of the sample dispersion of the sample of external factors. Also, the proportion of variance of the three canonical variables of the first group to the total dispersion of the four external factors was equal to 46.3%, while 69.3% of the variance of the seven internal factors is explained by the canonical measures of the second set.Discussion and ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the proportion of variance in the set of internal factors that is explained by the canonical variables of the first set is less than the proportion of variance identified in the set of external factors that is explained by the canonical variables of the second set. Also, the proportion of variance of the four external factors explained by the canonical variables of the first set is less than the proportion of variance of the seven internal factors covered by the canonical variables of the second set. Based on the calculated factor load values, it was shown that the canonical variables of the first set generally have significant factor loads with all internal factors, including 1) welfare and services, 2) support and regulation, 3) pollution control, 4) protection and prevention 5) Productivity, 6) green operation and 7) infrastructure and facilities. Similarly, it was observed that the values of the factor loads of the second set, canonical variables on all four external factors, including 1) culture building, 2) environmental measures, 3) knowledge and communication, and 4) local community support are significant. In this context, the internal factors of "welfare and services" and the external factors of "culturalization" have the most factor factors with the canonical variables of the first and second categories, respectively. The calculated values for cross-factor loads showed that changes in the four internal factors "welfare and services", "support and regulation", "green operation" and "infrastructure and facilities" will have the greatest effect on canonical variables derived from external factors. . In addition, cross-factor loads are significant for all external factors other than "knowledge and communication", the largest of which is related to the "culture-building" factor. In general conclusion, it can be said that internal and external factors of sustainable development of free zones significantly affect each other.

IntroductionThe discussion of "feasibility" of strategic transformational plans is one of the major challenges facing managers in the field of organizations in the current changing era. A problem that usually goes back to the implementation of transformation plans. Correct formulation of strategic plans is considered a heavy duty of the management team, but its implementation in the organization is much more difficult. There are many obstacles in the way of implementing strategic transformation plans, and behavioral obstacles are considered to be one of the most important obstacles in the implementation of plans in the organization. The existence of behavioral obstacles in employees is not an issue that can be easily ignored in the implementation of strategic transformation plans, but this issue is often neglected or less addressed, because mostly in this process, the preparation and compilation of technical and justification dimensions. Transformational plans are the main focus and the stages of implementation and implementation as well as evaluation of these plans have been ignored. For this purpose, the aim of the current research is to provide a model for identifying behavioral barriers in the implementation of transformation plans in Shahr Bank.Methodology The current research was from the perspective of the main applied-developmental orientation, from the perspective of exploratory nature, and from the perspective of qualitative and questioning approach. The participants in the research include senior managers and members of the board of directors, managers (heads of departments and regions) and expert experts of Bank Shahr who were related to transformation plans in various roles, and by using targeted sampling and reaching the theoretical saturation point, there were 13 people from They were selected as samples. Theoretical saturation logic was used to determine the sample size at this stage. To check the reliability of the interview from the reliability of the two coders and to check the internal validity of the interview questions, a pre-test was done with three interviews, which led to literary and writing editing and adding two questions to the interview questions. Foundation data theory with Glazer's emergent approach was used as the analysis method. In the foundational data theory with Glaser's emergent approach, there are two stages of coding, which are respectively: real coding (open coding and selective coding) and theoretical coding.Results and Discussion The findings of this research state that the behavioral barriers to the implementation of transformation plans in Shahr Bank fall into three general categories: barriers before planning, barriers during planning, and barriers during implementation, each of which consists of specific categories, concepts, and codes. Pre-planning obstacles include factors: individual characteristics, thoughts, beliefs and mental beliefs, lack of attention to feasibility studies for the implementation of a transformational plan; Obstacles during planning include factors: structural, process and content weaknesses, human resource system weaknesses and communication weaknesses; Obstacles at the time of implementation include factors: cultural inefficiency, relative instability, lack of meritocracy system, lack of leadership skills, lack of management skills, inability of employees, lack of learning and transfer of knowledge in the bank and lack of flexibility of transformational plans. Conclusion Before implementing transformational plans, managers and officials need to create the necessary background for implementing transformational plans, and without proper planning and conditions, the plan's implementation will fail. Many of the platforms necessary for the implementation of transformation plans are not available in Shahr Bank. The existing infrastructures have not been updated along with the change of approach from traditional to strategic. The statistics and information system does not have sufficient coherence, and there is no possibility of timely access to the required information in many cases. Behavioral obstacles during planning are the obstacles that affect how the plan will be implemented in the future during the planning stage. All these activities form the content of transformational plans, the result and output of which are documents that are used as a practical guide for implementation at the bank level after approval in the form of a set of processes. It is necessary to comply with some requirements in preparing development plans and producing the content of these plans. Requirements that if any of them are not met, the implementation of the plan will face many challenges. The implementation phase is the most important phase of planning and implementing transformation plans. Because success in achieving the goals of the plan is not possible except in the shadow of the correct implementation of the plan. A transformational plan needs legal and comprehensive rules in which the rules are specific and transparent so that there is no conflict between different levels from planning to implementation and it has an integrated structure. The culture of resistance to change, the culture of subjugation, the governance of the branch-avoidance culture, etc. are some of the things that will become obstacles to the proper implementation of transformational plans in Shahr Bank. The lack of meritocracy and recommendation assignments is one of the most important obstacles to the implementation of transformational plans. Successive changes of leaders and managers and short-term service periods lead to a feeling of lack of commitment to implement a transformational plan. If managers and employees have a correct understanding of strategic planning and transformation plans; They will have less resistance to the implementation of the plan. The new officials deny the previous activities and in some cases defy the existing plans. Planning and implementation of the plan must have continuous and proper communication. In the implementation of transformational plans, the obstacles identified in the three mentioned stages must be carefully considered.

Despite the plethora of studies on street-level bureaucrats, only a very limited body of research has focused on their role in the environmental scene. This is surprising; Because they play an important role in the chain of policy-making and in the actual realization and implementation of policies; Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the role of street-level bureaucrats in the implementation of environmental policies (case of study: the law on protection and exploitation of forests in the north of the country). To achieve this goal, first a qualitative study was conducted using thematic analysis method. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. Using purposeful sampling, subject saturation was achieved after conducting eleven interviews. The method of fuzzy hierarchical analysis process was used to give weight to these themes. The data of this stage was collected using a paired comparison questionnaire that was collected from a sample of eleven employees and foresters in three northern provinces. The extraction of semantic units led to the identification of 169 basic themes, 30 organizing themes and 9 overarching themes, in which nine main themes are "emotional attitude towards citizens, organizational characteristics, changing the nature of the policy, knowledge weakness of employees, individual decision characteristics" It was classified as the recipient, determining how to govern the forest, adopting coping strategies, localizing the policy and making the policy operational. The results of the fuzzy hierarchical analysis showed that among the nine main themes, changing the nature of the policy, determining how to govern the forest and adopting coping strategies were in the first to third place. The final weights of the subthemes were obtained by multiplying the weight of the main themes by the relative weight of the subthemes; Based on this, the sub-topics of adaptation of policies to local conditions, government-citizen relations, hidden politics and weak expertise and skills of employees were ranked first to fourth.The final weights of the subthemes were obtained by multiplying the weight of the main themes by the relative weight of the subthemes; Based on this, the sub-topics of adaptation of policies to local conditions, government-citizen relations, hidden politics and weak expertise and skills of employees were ranked first to fourth.The final weights of the subthemes were obtained by multiplying the weight of the main themes by the relative weight of the subthemes; Based on this, the sub-topics of adaptation of policies to local conditions, government-citizen relations, hidden politics and weak expertise and skills of employees were ranked first to fourth.The final weights of the subthemes were obtained by multiplying the weight of the main themes by the relative weight of the subthemes; Based on this, the sub-topics of adaptation of policies to local conditions, government-citizen relations, hidden politics and weak expertise and skills of employees were ranked first to fourth.The final weights of the subthemes were obtained by multiplying the weight of the main themes by the relative weight of the subthemes; Based on this, the sub-topics of adaptation of policies to local conditions, government-citizen relations, hidden politics and weak expertise and skills of employees were ranked first to fourth.

Shipbuilding companies need deep knowledge of strategic control in their industry to succeed over their foreign and domestic competitors. Unfortunately, most of them do not have sufficient knowledge of the topics related to strategy and strategic control in their turbulent and complex environment. The present study seeks to produce a theory and model in order to explain strategic control in Iran's shipbuilding industry. The research data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews from 8 managers and experts in the shipbuilding industry. The data collected from open and semi-structured interviews were analyzed by MAXQDA software version 12 and a model was designed which was tested in quantitative stage using Delphi methods and interpretive structural modeling. Using interpretive structural modeling, the most important factors affecting strategic control and the level of effectiveness and effectiveness of factors affecting strategic control in the shipbuilding industry were identified. It was found that strategic control has control levers including restrictive control, control of special awareness, control of customer commitment, effectiveness control, strategic capability control, shared satisfaction control, skills control, strategy content control, political control, task control, cultural control, interaction control, strategy performance control. Effectiveness control and customer satisfaction were identified as the most influential factors in strategic control in the shipbuilding industry.

Introduction Recently there are remarkable interests about business ecosystems in businesses and academic environments and increasing. Regarding special characteristics of business ecosystems, it is expected that management concepts including strategy and strategizing are different in business ecosystems and they have special specifications and require special considerations. In this research and using related articles published in this area, we review previous researches and extract related concepts and themes about strategazing in business ecosystems and realation between them and to design an integrated model for strategizing in business ecosystem’s life cycle. Methodology To identify related themes about strategizing in business ecosystems, we use Metasynthesis and Sandelowski and Barroso method in this research that the mothod includes seven steps. Published articles in this area between 1993 to 2021 and in top scientific databases are reviewed by the research group. These databases include Science Direct, Emerald, Scopus and EBSCO. In addition and regarding the importance of some journals, the resarch group considered articles of four pioneer journals by Berry-picking and Journal Runs and Hand Searching method to be sure that all influential articles are reviewed. These four pioneer journals include Harvard Business Review, MIT Sloan Management Review, California Management Review and Strategic Management Journal. We reviewed related articles and screened articles three times and at the end, 107 articles selected and studied in this research. We extracted required information from these selected articles and then categorized and synthesized them to extract concepts and themes. Results and Discussion Using Metasynthesis results, 10 themes about strategizing in business ecosystems are identified including Ecosystem Creation Motivators, Ecosystem Drivers, Ecosystem Goal, Ecosystem Boundary, Strategic Positions in Ecosystem, Strategic Roles in Ecosystem, Critical Health Factors of Ecosystem, Ecosystem Challenges, Ecosystem Dynamism, and Strategizing in Ecosystem that every theme has its sub-themes and concepts. These themes are related together and can make an integrated model to describe how different factors influence strategizing in business ecosystems and how designers and managers of an ecosystem can nurture an acosystem by deliberately strategic initiatives. Conclusion In the end and using identified themes and regarding the relationships between them, an integrated model for strategizing in business ecosystems’ life cycle are designed by the researchers. In this model and based on the research question, strategizing has a dynamic charactristics and is a continuous attempt during whole life cycle of business ecosystem and plays as a core of the model. There are several motivators that encourage different ecosystem players to participate in the ecosystem. While these motivators exist, the ecosystem evolve and otherwise will collapse. On the other hand, customer value proposition is the core goal that whole ecosystem moves toward that goal and strategizing is a leading engine that pushes the ecosystem toward this goal. In addition to strategizing, there are some soft and hard drivers that provide dynamism for ecosystem. After creating ecosystem, different participants play various roles in the ecosystem that based on their responsibiliy, they are assigned to special positions and these positions determine the strategic role of every participant in the ecosysetm. Participants influence the strategizing in the ecosystem by these strategic roles. Also, strategic positions maybe change by ecosystem dynamism and then they are dynamic. By prticipation of players in the ecosystem, the boundary of ecosystem will be detremined that include players in different strategic positions. According to the model, this boundary is dynamic and based on the different factor, the boundary can change during ecosystem’s life cycle. Survival and competitiveness of an ecosystem deponds on its health. During evolution of the ecosystem, different factors emerge that based on these factors we can evaluate healthiness of ecosystem that we call them Critical Health Factors. These factors play a very important role in decision about ecosystem strategies. Ecosystem challenges are other factors that influence strategizing in ecosystem that these challenges related to charactristics of ecosystems and these challenges must be considered for any strategic initiatives. But ecosystem dynamism is the crucial issue in ecosystem strategizing that accomplish by ecosystem’s life cycle. Comprehensive understanding of this dynamism is so important for strategizing in an ecosystem. Also, dynamism variables are the most important issue about ecosystem dynamism. These variables make dynamism in the ecosystem or they will be affacted by ecosystem dynamism. These dynamism variables influence on strategizing in ecosystem and also will be affacted by new strategies and changes. In addition to strategic roles, strategic challenges and dynamism variables, there are another factors that impact on strategizing that we call them as Effective Factors on Strategizing. These factors have mutual relationship with strategizing and they have dynamism charactristics. In addition, Strategic Approach is another factor that can influence strategizing in ecosystem. Every strategic approach has its own requirements and can make different effect on strategizing in ecosystem. These strategic approaches are related to strategic positions and ecosystem dynamism. Regarding complexity of strategizing in ecosystems, it is necessary to consider all these themes together simultaneously and also their relationship. This comprehensive understanding leads to a best decision during strategy develpoment and execution and this designed model is the most comprehensive known model for strategizing in business ecosystems.

Group health insurance pricing is a key component in purchasing these products; in this way, if the price set for group health coverage is too high, it can easily dissuade policyholders from staying with that company, and if it is too low, it can make it difficult for insurance companies to fulfill their obligations. Preliminary investigations have shown that two main factors cause the increase of the loss ratio of health insurance. First, the determination of non-technical premium rates due to the low premiums received or price reduction in the supplementary health insurance market and secondly, the high medical insurance losses which can be due to several reasons. Among the challenges of high health insurance losses in Iran related to pricing, we can mention the inability of insurance companies to increase insurance premiums in proportion to the increase in tariffs and the unrealistic premiums in health insurances. In fact, prices should reflect real costs and take into account the goals of the broader health insurance system. In this regard, considering that group health insurances are always among the loss-making fields in the Iran's insurance industry and have a high loss ratio in the insurance industry, it is very important to identify the challenges of group health insurance rating, which will be discussed in this paper. The research method used is of a qualitative type, which research data was collected using library study and interview. The statistical population of the research includes managers and health insurance specialists in the Iran's insurance industry, who were interviewed by snowball sampling and semi-structured interviews until theoretical saturation was reached. Based on the results of the research, the main challenges that can be posed in the pricing of group health insurance can be placed in three categories: risk assessment (such as the use of traditional methods and non-compliance with actuarial principles, non-proportion of insurance premiums with services and tariffs and their full price, freedom of action of insurance companies, etc.), holding tenders and false competition (such as the disproportion of insurance premiums with competitive items in the market, price cutting and unhealthy competition, focusing on attracting portfolios instead of focusing on providing appropriate services, etc.) and legal and regulatory (such as non-enforceability of some by-laws, lack of proper monitoring of group medical insurance rates, etc.), among which, insurance companies' dumping and providing non-technical rates to attract customers has a high share in these challenges. In order to solve the existing challenges in this field, the insurance industry can use different solutions. In the regulatory sector, the supervisory body can set up a system for registering large tenders and evaluate all the requests of the policyholders based on the coverages that can be provided in Regulation 99 of the Supreme Insurance Council and on the other hand, evaluate the rates provided by the insurance companies in order to ensure the appropriateness of the rates. In this regard, the supervisory body can annually set rates as the minimum base rate in group health insurance and oblige insurance companies to apply this rate floor. In the risk assessment section, insurers can strengthen the databases to monitor the insurance behavior of their policyholders and identify and apply risk bases for accurate risk assessment.

Regional justice, disenfranchisement and sustainable development and reducing the gap between the rich and the poor were among the ideals of the Islamic Revolution, which, despite significant progress, are still considered important issues in the society. The current research studies the dimensions of the development of the deprived areas of the country and based on the dimensions of sustainable regional development and the participation of policy makers of the development of deprived areas and regional development planners, the causal relationships of the development of the region with regard to economic, social and environmental sustainability has identified. In the following, taking into account the causal relationships of the sustainable development of deprived areas, the dynamic model of Delfan's deprived area system has been designed and simulated in a ten-year horizon using the data and the participation of the policy makers of deprivation and regional development. According to the results of sensitivity analysis of the model as well as regional sustainable development policies and development plans and feasibility studies of regional development projects with the participation of experts with regard to the economic sustainability strategies of the deprived Delfan region. social sustainability and environmental sustainability policies were identified. Economic sustainability in two categories of civil and infrastructure development policies and economic policies and investment in agriculture sectors, tourism services and industry and mining; Social sustainability policies in the four categories of policies to improve the level of public awareness, empowerment of entrepreneurship development, community-oriented empowerment and encouraging policies for the development of entrepreneurship and environmental sustainability policies also in the three categories of policies of adherence to environmental requirements, resource sustainability Water and soil resource stability were identified. Further, in line with the realization of each of the policies, the budget required for the implementation of the policies in the form of regional development plans and projects is estimated with the participation of the regional deprivation removal policy makers and by applying the strategies separately; The results of the behavior of the main variables of the model were examined and compared. In the following, considering the limitation of financial resources and the results of separate implementation of development strategies, an attempt was made to present a combination of selected sustainable development and deprivation policies for the deprived area of Delfan. The implementation of selected policies shows that by spending financial resources of about 6 thousand billion Rials in the region over three years by the institution of deprivation removal and the participation of the provincial executive bodies in the development of the infrastructure of the region and the participation of the private sector in the development Economical; The increasing trend of urban and rural poverty will be reduced by maintaining arable lands, pastures and forests after a five-year delay, and the effects of poverty and deprivation will be permanently removed in the region. The increasing trend of urban and rural poverty will be reduced by maintaining arable lands, pastures and forests after a five-year delay, and the effects of poverty and deprivation will be permanently removed in the region.

Aim and Introduction: Economic growth and development is one of the goals that societies pursue due to the achievement of short-term and long-term benefits. This research tries to examine the role of the Federation of Public Sports in the development of the sports economy by emphasizing the presence of expert human resources. The sports industry has clearly created an endless view of the achievements of microeconomics, which gives students and researchers the opportunity to study this field, sports economics is introduced as the core of theories and aspects of economics, and they uses in international sports. Sports is one of the effective tools for directing social forces to achieve sustainable development, especially in societies with high population growth, which not only incurs the lowest cost compared to other management costs of the system, but also has the ability to create more added value. compared to other factors. Any economic action in the society provides the basis for increasing income, public welfare, and job creation. In this context, it is always necessary to present a strategic and clear paradigm, then it is possible to solve economic problems and bottlenecks through it. Achieved in a correct and principled way, strategic management and human resource management are always recognized as a strong tool to solve all problems in advanced societies. The importance and necessity of researching the role of the Federation of General Sports in the development of the sports economy with an emphasis on expert human resources originates from the fact that the Federation of General Sports has an important role in popularizing and institutionalizing sports in society, to face the challenges of The economy in the society needs this kind of research. By examining countries such as Japan and Germany that lost their economic resources during the Second World War, it can be seen that apart from physical factors, there is an important factor that makes them powerful today, and that is expert human resources. On the other hand, economic growth is one of the most basic components of macroeconomics, and its achievement is one of the most important goals of governments. In today's world, sports is considered as one of the sources of economic growth and development in advanced countries, which directly and indirectly affects economic growth and development in the short and long term.Methodology: The research method based on data search is of mixed type. In the first part, using the grounded theory of Strauss and Corbin, in-depth interviews of experts have been conducted. The middle part has been done with a future studies (Delphi technique) through a Likert scale questionnaire by a panel of experts consisting of 10 experts, and in the quantitative part, the ranking of the indicators has been done with Friedman's descriptive-inferential test.Findings: The interviews have been coded in the qualitative section, which includes 12 selective codes, 24 central codes, and 48 open codes from 5 categories (causal conditions, contextual factors, intervening factors, effective strategies, and resulting outcomes), the middle part through the technique Delphi has been used and in order to coordinate the identified indicators, Kendall's coefficient test has been used in SPSS 22 software, and after identifying 5 indicators, in the quantitative part of the research, the indicators have been ranked with Friedman's test, and the managerial role factor, has been assigned the first rank.Discussion and Conclusion: A society that gives importance to sports has less deviations and social harms, deviations lead the society towards dissolution. It is obvious that public sports are directly related to people's health and vitality. The Federation of Public Sports of the Islamic Republic of Iran was formed with the aim of creating suitable facilities and platform for creating vitality and vitality among people and raising the level of general skills based on the federations' statutes. The progress of any organization requires expert and compassionate human resources who are more connected with their work so that the organizational performance increases. It is suggested that sports federations, especially general sports federations, by prioritizing their expert human resources and holding regular knowledge-enhancing courses in the field of effective communication, sports and economy, improve their performance in the field of sports economy development.

The current study aimed to design the leadership model for knowledge-oriented enterprises in Isfahan province via the mixed-research methodology and the use of the Grounded Theory in qualitative section. To this end, a group of primary themes was collected during a coding process and some categories were extracted besides performing open interviews with 17 senior managers of the knowledge-based enterprises and academic experts. According to the findings, thus, enhanced professionalism, knowledge nature of the knowledge-based enterprise, maintaining the survival, reinforcing the competitive advantage and capability of the enterprise in coping with the environmental changes were introduced as causal factors; technological, knowledge sharing infrastructure and knowledge employees, cultural, economic, structural and control and communicative contexts were introduced as underlying factors; socio-cultural, economic, legal were introduced as intervening factors; improved performance and competitive advantage, job satisfaction, improved quality of working life, durability of knowledge employees, sense of belonging and mental-cognitive involvement of employees, continuous improvement and economic and social consequences were introduced as consequences of the knowledge-oriented leadership. In the quantitative section, the governing relations and goodness of all major factors of the proposed qualitative model were evaluated and confirmed via structural equation modeling by means of AMOS software.The current study aimed to design the leadership model for knowledge-oriented enterprises in Isfahan province via the mixed-research methodology and the use of the Grounded Theory in qualitative section. To this end, a group of primary themes was collected during a coding process and some categories were extracted besides performing open interviews with 17 senior managers of the knowledge-based enterprises and academic experts. According to the findings, thus, enhanced professionalism, knowledge nature of the knowledge-based enterprise, maintaining the survival, reinforcing the competitive advantage and capability of the enterprise in coping with the environmental changes were introduced as causal factors; technological, knowledge sharing infrastructure and knowledge employees, cultural, economic, structural and control and communicative contexts were introduced as underlying factors; socio-cultural, economic, legal were introduced as intervening factors; improved performance and competitive advantage, job satisfaction, improved quality of working life, durability of knowledge employees, sense of belonging and mental-cognitive involvement of employees, continuous improvement and economic and social consequences were introduced as consequences of the knowledge-oriented leadership. In the quantitative section, the governing relations and goodness of all major factors of the proposed qualitative model were evaluated and confirmed via structural equation modeling by means of AMOS software.The current study aimed to design the leadership model for knowledge-oriented enterprises in Isfahan province via the mixed-research methodology and the use of the Grounded Theory in qualitative section. To this end, a group of primary themes was collected during a coding process and some categories were extracted besides performing open interviews with 17 senior managers of the knowledge-based enterprises and academic experts. According to the findings, thus, enhanced professionalism, knowledge nature of the knowledge-based enterprise, maintaining the survival, reinforcing the competitive advantage and capability of the enterprise in coping with the environmental changes were introduced as causal factors; technological, knowledge sharing infrastructure and knowledge employees, cultural, economic, structural and control and communicative contexts were introduced as underlying factors; socio-cultural, economic, legal were introduced as intervening factors; improved performance and competitive advantage, job satisfaction, improved quality of working life, durability of knowledge employees, sense of belonging and mental-cognitive involvement of employees, continuous improvement and economic and social consequences were introduced as consequences of the knowledge-oriented leadership. In the quantitative section, the governing relations and goodness of all major factors of the proposed qualitative model were evaluated and confirmed via structural equation modeling by means of AMOS software.

Aim and Introduction: One of the most important prerequisites for economic development and increasing income is export performance. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the non-oil export performance of manufacturing companies in Guilan province. One of the most important prerequisites for economic development and increasing income in countries is export, which is considered an important source for the overall development of countries' economies. On the one hand, such a model has led to an increase in domestic income, and on the other hand, it will create a favorable environment for the growth of private and small businesses. In developing countries that export oil, including Iran, oil has always been the axis of economic development and foreign exchange earnings. Therefore, today, the growth of non-oil exports and the increase of the country's share in world trade and international markets in order to reduce the heavy dependence of the economy on oil revenues is considered one of the important economic goals. From this point of view, this research has investigated the drivers of non-oil export development of manufacturing companies in Gilan province and intends to answer this important question, what are the most important drivers of non-oil export development of manufacturing companies in Gilan province?Methodology: The method of this research was a mixed research. The statistical population in the qualitative part includes university professors in the field of international trade, managers of executive bodies and successful and professional managers in the field of non-oil exports, and in the quantitative part, managers of all companies that export non-oil products in Gilan province. Using the purposeful sampling method, 17 experts in the quality department and 311 senior managers who had effective responsibility in the manufacturing companies of Gilan province were selected by random sampling. The research questionnaires included entrepreneurship, market orientation, organizational learning, organizational innovation, competitive advantage and export performance. Using the structural equation model, the research hypotheses were examined. The research tools were: export performance, entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, organizational learning, organizational innovation and competitive advantage.Findings: The results showed entrepreneurial orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.288), market orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.181), organizational learning (Beta coefficient: 0.125), organizational innovation (Beta coefficient: 0.232) and competitive advantage (Beta coefficient: 0.234) have a significant effect on the export performance of Guilan companies. Also, entrepreneurial orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.262), market orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.146), organizational learning (Beta coefficient: 0.137) and organizational innovation (Beta coefficient: 0.36) have a significant effect on Guilan companies have a competitive advantage. In the other dimension, entrepreneurial orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.387), market orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.275) and organizational learning (Beta coefficient: 0.203) have a significant effect on the organizational innovation of Guilan companies. Finally, entrepreneurial orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.171) and market orientation (Beta coefficient: 0.198) have a significant effect on the organizational learning of Guilan companies.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this research showed that entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, organizational learning and organizational innovation have direct and indirect effects on export performance. Having an entrepreneurial orientation has enabled manufacturing companies to obtain valuable information from the market in the field of non-oil products as well as the market gap in this field, and the organization can better identify market opportunities. The result of such an attitude is organizational learning, higher innovation and successful export performance. Also, the adoption of a market-oriented approach will cause the manufacturing companies of Guilan province to adopt the best response to environmental changes, changes in customers' tastes, as well as unforeseen events, and this preparation and complete study of market trends will create the basis for better performance and gaining a competitive position. did Of course, organizational learning, while acquiring extra-organizational and exploratory knowledge and analyzing this knowledge in order to solve the company's problems (exploitative learning), facilitates the opportunity to create a competitive advantage and, subsequently, continuous export performance. Also, innovation by focusing on areas such as the development of innovative products in accordance with market needs, technological processes for the production of innovative products, designing new marketing strategies, as well as adapting to unexpected opportunities, facilitates the creation of a competitive advantage and subsequent higher export performance. Finally, competitive advantage, in turn, is directly related to the availability of resources and core competencies and cost leadership and distinctive strategic strategies. From this point of view, when manufacturing companies are successful in the field of differentiation strategies and cost leadership, on the one hand, they inject products and services that are special and different from their competitors to the target market, and on the other hand, by reducing the costs of producing products, they offer highly competitive prices that The result is a favorable export performance.

Introduction The Islamic Republic, like any other system, has elements and components that distinguish it from other systems. Jihadi management is one of these elements. However, the concept of jihadi management is still vague for internal researchers and there are many controversies regarding this concept, also, one of the most important issues that should be taken into account in the management of society is its management method based on culture and customs and using tools based on the values of that society. In a historical review, it is possible to clearly see the effect of correct management during the growth period of Iranian civilization and the period of decline due to improper management. Many different management styles were used in our country, among which we can mention Jihadi management, which is one of the native management styles inspired by Iranian civilization and Islamic religious sources.Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of providing a strategic framework of jihadi management using the concepts raised in business management theories. Methodology The current research has used the phenomenological strategy of qualitative method and interpretive paradigm. The reason for this choice is that the phenomenological strategy deals with explicit explanation and identification of phenomena as perceived by individuals in a specific situation. Qualitative method has been used because it involves gathering information and describing jihadi management within the framework of business management theories. Therefore, considering the qualitative nature of the research data, the research has an abstract nature. In terms of implementation outcome, it is also a developmental research as this final framework can be used for developing the concept of jihadi management and explaining its indicators by drawing on similar management theories and completing the literature; which, due to its decision-making dimension, falls into the category of developmental research. From the perspective of the purpose of implementation, it is also a descriptive research as it describes and explains the existing reality in jihadi management, which corresponds to the corresponding business management theories. It addresses what is happening and what is real. Among the types of descriptive research, it also falls into the category of exploratory research, meaning that it studies the attitudes, beliefs, and opinions of experts in the field of business management on the subject under investigation through their responses to the questions asked. In this research, interviews are used to collect data. The data is collected through interviews with professors and practitioners in the field of business management and jihadi management. Then, the themes and meanings of interest are extracted from the data and the phenomenological approach is used. Results and Discussion By examining the interviews and extracting the explanatory codes to merge and unify similar codes and remove duplicate codes, the type of problem solving thinking in 11 concepts and 3 categories, setting goals in 7 concepts and 2 categories, setting people's relationships in 6 concepts and 2 categories, setting processes Cognitive in 10 concepts and 3 categories, improving processes in 8 concepts and 2 categories, improving productivity in 6 concepts and 2 categories and creating sustainable competitive advantages in 3 concepts and 1 category were extracted. Then, with document analysis, the components identified in each strategic process in jihadi management were tracked and the corresponding and related concepts in business management science were extracted. Conclusion In relation to problem-solving thinking and lateral thinking, it can be said that what is considered as problem-solving approaches in Jihadi management is a type of lateral thinking. Therefore, it seems that combining jihadi management with lateral thinking can help in achieving the ideals of jihadi management. Jihadi manager must be creative and have a problem solving perspective. A result-oriented and goal-oriented view, a view that underestimates the problems of the path and works effectively without the effect of obstacles in achieving the goal. In relation to the effective setting of goals in jihadi management and the convergence of values as one of the business management theories, it can be concluded that the setting of goals in jihadi management is better in such a way that both individual values It should include the organizational goals and the main goals should be based on the common goals of the employees. Regarding the cognitive processes in jihadi management and social identity and paying attention to the characteristics of the concept of jihadi management and the results of the interview, it seems that jihadi management and its implementation will not be possible without considering social identity. In relation to the improvement of processes and continuous improvement and the results presented in the interview, it seems that achieving a suitable jihadi management approach is to pay attention to continuous improvement in the subject under jihadi management. That is, a process look at the formulated vision and operationalization of the processes, formulation of standards for these operational processes and dynamics in order to improve the processes. These standards must be developed in all dimensions required by each process.

Introduction: Banks are looking for this to be able to monitor the effectiveness of granted facilities within the framework of corporate governance. Because one of the most important current damages in the banking system is the failure to use the granted facilities correctly, which leads to the deviation of the facilities, and any weakness and shortcoming in this regard causes the blocking of large resources from the banks and the reduction of the speed of money. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to design a corporate governance model for effective monitoring of bank loans, which is the case study of the National Bank of Iran. The current research is qualitative. The community of experts studied are some senior managers of the National Bank of Iran in Tehran. These experts were selected by purposeful sampling and in the form of a snowball, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve of them until reaching theoretical saturation. Validity of the model has been checked by expert review and reliability by retest method, and fifty sub-themes, twenty-one organized themes and ten overarching themes have been identified using the theme analysis method.Methodology: The research is of qualitative and exploratory type and it is an extension research because by presenting a model, it seeks to expand the concept of corporate governance to effectively monitor the facilities granted by National Bank. The data collection method is field and library. The tool for collecting data in the field is a semi-structured interview. The statistical community of experts includes some managers of central offices of National Bank in Tehran. The number of these managers is thirty. Ten of these experts were interviewed by the snowball method in a targeted manner, but the interview was continued with two other experts to achieve theoretical adequacy. The data obtained from the interviews have been studied and analyzed with thematic analysis method. In thematic analysis, after conducting each interview quickly and without delay, coding is done until all interviews and first round codings are done. Then the second and third rounds of coding are done to obtain the research model. Internal validity is measured by the review method by experts, and reliability is checked by the retest method.Results and Discussion: The corporate governance models presented in our country have a structural weakness. Because the design of the corporate governance system model for banks is derived from the existing reality of the nature of banks, and the real nature of Iranian banks is their government status. This is despite the fact that the implementation of corporate governance in a bank with government ownership or control is not efficient enough. The exploratory nature of the present research, by clarifying the dark and ambiguous corners of the implementation of corporate governance in banks, has succeeded in discovering its unknown facts and methods in order to effectively monitor the facilities granted in the National Bank of Iran. Conclusion: The developed model for corporate governance to effectively monitor the granted facilities is shown in chart No. 1 listed on page 12, and the proposed model can be used and exploited for the National Bank of Iran and other similar banks. According to the opinion of experts and the researcher's interpretative view, the following suggestions are presented:1- in addition to exercising sufficient care in the selection of employees, special attention should also be paid to the issue of succession, training and strengthening of specialized human resources.2- while institutionalizing the thinking of responsibility, the necessary grounds for strengthening and continuity of this aspect of corporate governance should always be considered by bank managers..3- In order to provide various products, especially in the field of granting facilities and effectively monitoring its various stages, banks should use electronic tools to know how and how to use payment facilities.4- The laws related to the corporate governance system should be formulated in the amendment bill of the trade law.5- Correct implementation of corporate governance can contribute to a great extent in timely and appropriate response to all stakeholders.6- The employees of each of the three control departments of the facility should be different and one employee should not be used to control and monitor all three control departments.7- When granting the facility or even before any payment of the facility, the relevant officer in the bank should clearly announce the exact terms of payment of the facility installments to the applicants to receive the facility.8- They should distance themselves from bureaucracy and take steps towards becoming agile.9- Intelligent systems for collecting, archiving and disseminating information should be implemented in the facilities department.10- The implementation of corporate governance should be carefully followed up with consideration of the rights of all stakeholders. Examining the findings of the current research with the results of previous research shows the comprehensiveness of the current research and its similarity with the results of the findings of other researchers. For example, Rezaei, Sharifi, and Etimadi Ahri (1400), Falah, Haqshanas, and Rezaian (1399), Kurd, Bagheri, and Mohibi (1399), Isaei and Hasannia (1399), Babajani (1399), Rezaei and Nazimi (1398), Farzin Vash (2016), Seyd Noorani (2016), Ramadan Nia and Rezaei (2016), Talebi (2015), Mohajaran (2015), Yahyapour (2014), Sepe Vand (2014), Kashif Bahrami (2014), Manzoor and Yadi Pour (2017) also, from foreign researches similar to the research, we can refer to the researches of Sakawa, Hideaki et al. Haveril Chek (2018), Agarwal (2016), Masri, Abdul Fattah and Al Bahar (2016), Young et al. (2006), Alford (2006), Brindle (2005), Young (2001), Talwar (1999).