The article examines current issues and prospects for the development of rural areas using the example of the Siberian Federal District (SFD) and the search for a balance between the efficiency of agricultural production and social priorities. The study focuses on a fundamental thesis: the preservation of the demographic potential of rural areas directly depends on stable employment, without which any infrastructural transformations are powerless («there will be no jobs and income – there will be no population»). Particular emphasis is placed on the directions of diversification of household activities and the small sector of the agrarian economy (peasant farming enterprises, cooperatives, and individual entrepreneurs) as the basis for the sustainability of the rural economic way of life, and on the organizational forms for their active involvement in agricultural production processes. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive structural-dynamic analysis of statistical data for 2020–2025, assessment of personnel shortage, cross-regional audit of the distribution of state support, and modeling of organizational-economic and demographic processes. The results prove that the systematic decline in the rural population of the SFD (by 1.5% annually) is caused by deep inequality: highly efficient resource-saving technologies and the lion’s share of state subsidies are accumulated in large agro-holdings, which tend to optimize staff rather than create jobs for the local population. Small business, which ensures social stability, is almost completely cut off from digitalization and state support due to financial barriers. During the discussion, the necessity of transitioning to a hybrid model of territory management is justified. It is proven that to genuinely reduce migration, the focus of state policy needs to be shifted: redirect financial flows to support organizational forms for involving small businesses and households in unified production processes, diversify the economy, and create infrastructure for production development. Purpose of the study – to substantiate a comprehensive set of measures ensuring a balance between economic and social priorities of the state in the development of rural territories of the SFD. Scientific novelty lies in the quantitative substantiation of the social efficiency of resource-saving technologies implementation, identification of the true causes of rural population migration, and development of a hybrid territory management model that integrates large, medium, and small businesses within eco-technological clusters. Practical significance consists in developing specific directions of government support and organizational forms for involving small businesses and households in unified production processes capable of stemming demographic outflow and ensuring sustainable development of rural territories.
The expansion of artificial intelligence in medicine changes not only access to information, but also forms of interaction between doctor and patient, and with them patient subjectivity itself. The relevance of this study lies in the need to conceptualize these changes. The theoretical foundation of the article is T. Ferguson’s concept of the e-patient, which identifies four characteristics of the patient: equipped (information-equipped), enabled (capable of action), empowered (autonomous), and engaged (involved in communities and interaction). The aim of the article is to describe the transformation of the four characteristics of the e-patient and, on this basis, to propose the concept of the «AI-patient» as an analytical model of new forms of medical behavior associated with the spread of artificial intelligence. The methodological basis consists of conceptual and comparative analysis, as well as interpretation of materials related to the development of digital medicine; the theoretical framework includes the e-patient concept, M. Foucault’s ideas on the relationship between knowledge and power, B. Latour’s actor-network theory, and J.-L. Nancy’s philosophy of togetherness. It is shown that at the level of equipped the nature of knowledge changes: if the e-patient independently searched for and organized information, the AI-patient receives it in ready-made form, without a visible process of its production. Enabled is transformed through a shift in competencies from working with internet sources to the skills of formulating prompts, evaluating answers, and interacting with interfaces. At the level of empowered, the structure of autonomy changes: the patient gains additional tools for independence from the doctor, but this independence is partly grounded in the algorithm. Finally, engaged shifts from horizontal networks of mutual support to a private dialogue with the interface, which weakens collective forms of patient solidarity. All these changes lead to the formation of a hybrid patient subjectivity. The article’s scientific novelty lies in substantiating the concept of the «AI patient» as a new figure of medical subjectivity emerging from the restructuring of relations of knowledge, power, autonomy, and sociality in the context of AI use. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the proposed model makes it possible to describe, in a new way, the transformation of doctor – patient – technology relations and to identify directions for further research into the social and ethical consequences of digital medicine.
The digital transformation of the human resource management system in Russian companies has been unfolding against the backdrop of rapid HR-Tech market growth coupled with the structural immaturity of its institutional environment. Despite the widespread adoption of digital solutions in recruitment, training, performance assessment and employee motivation practices, a substantial share of Russian companies lacks dedicated HR-Tech teams and formalised methodologies for evaluating the effectiveness of implemented solutions. The gap between investment dynamics and the quality of digitalisation outcomes determines the relevance of the present study. The aim of the study is to provide a theoretical and analytical review of the impact of modern digital technologies on the human resource management system in Russian companies, to identify the main directions of HR function digitalisation, to systematise the achieved implementation effects and to generalise the barriers to transformation. The study is theoretical and analytical in nature and is based on secondary data. A systematic literature review following the PRISMA protocol and a multiple case study analysis of Russian companies were applied, structured around a unified analytical framework covering six key HRM functions: recruitment, onboarding, training and development, performance assessment, HR analytics, motivation and retention. The study demonstrates that automation and the use of artificial intelligence have permeated all key HRM functions, yet the depth of digitalisation is distributed unevenly. Recruitment and training practices have reached the highest level of digital maturity; performance assessment and HR analytics have attained a moderate level; in the area of motivation and retention, the influence of digital tools remains indirect. Systemic constraints on the digital transformation of HRM are identified, including the high cost and complexity of implementation, the absence of an end-to-end digitalisation strategy and the mismatch between the maturity of the HR-Tech market and the readiness of companies to adopt it. The scientific novelty of the work consists in a systematisation of the practices of eight Russian companies across the key human resource management functions, and in a typology of digitalisation barriers — distinguishing resource-organisational, economic-managerial, and competence-related constraints – aligned with the managerial instruments required to address each level. The practical significance lies in the applicability of the results to the development of corporate HR digitalisation roadmaps, the diagnosis of the digital maturity of the HR function and the formation of industry standards for the assessment of HR-Tech project effectiveness. Further research may address the development of methodologies for measuring the effectiveness of HR-Tech implementation and the conditions for transferring practices from major employers to small and medium-sized businesses.
This article is devoted to the study of categories in Chinese philosophy, specifically the categories of Qi [氣] and Li [理]. Within the framework of the analysis, the problem of the conditions for the formation of categories and their uniqueness in the context of a specific cultural-historical situation is posed. The relevance of posing this problem is based on the theses put forward by contemporary sinologists. Thus, Roger Ames writes about the difficulty of interpreting categories of Chinese philosophy through the categorical apparatus formed within the European scientific model; in this connection, the issue of accurate translation of categories, as pointed out by Hans Georg Möller, also comes to the fore. Even earlier, Chan Wing-tsit [陳榮捷, 1901–1904] wrote about the irreducibility of the categories of Chinese philosophy to the model of categories developed within the framework of European science. To achieve this goal, the article carries out a series of sequential steps based on the method of historical reconstruction, comparative analysis, and critical analysis. The first step analyzes categories in European and Chinese philosophical systems. The history of the development of the system of categories from Aristotle to I. Kant is examined. Whereas within the Western philosophical paradigm categories express operations of judgment and are considered primarily at the epistemological level, within the paradigm of the philosophy of the «Celestial Empire» (Zhongguo), categories are seen as pertaining to the problematic field of ontology. The latter depends on the structural interrelation of categories; thus, the categories Qi and Li are viewed as binary oppositions. In this regard, the line of comparison between the categorical apparatus in Aristotle’s philosophy and its juxtaposition with the categories of Neo-Confucian philosophy is analyzed. It is shown that this line was primarily developed by the representative of Post-Neo-Confucianism, Feng Youlan [馮友蘭, 1895–1990]. Next, the principle of historical classification within Neo-Confucianism is examined, reviewing the classifications proposed by Feng Youlan, A.I. Kobzev, and Chen Yunjie. The subsequent step investigates the historical development of the categories Qi and Li according to the schools and their founders, tracing the evolution of the categories Qi and Li from the Cheng brothers — Chen I [程頤, 1033–1107] and Chen Hao [ 程顥, 1032–1085] to Wang Yangming [王陽明, 1472–1529]. The final part critically evaluates parallels with Aristotle’s doctrine and Leibniz’s monadology. Within the framework of comparative analysis, the comparison with A.N. Whitehead’s philosophy of organism is recognized as the most productive. It is concluded that categories, in particular the categories Qi and Li, are not a priori, unchanging constructs, but rather represent a dynamic system whose content is shaped under the influence of historical events and philosophical debate.
Urban passenger transport of general use (public transport) is of great importance in the economic and social spheres – it provides satisfaction of the transport mobility of residents, which is moreover increasing in accordance with the growth of welfare and cultural level, the increase in the number of residents, the expansion of the territory of cities, as well as the concentration of places of work and recreation. The actual problem is the sustainable development of public transport, which is largely determined by the rational balance of supply and demand, i.e. the ratio between the quality of transport service and the efficiency of the carrier, which depends on the number and capacity of rolling stock on the routes. The purpose of this study is to improve the quality and efficiency of public transport services through a balanced transportation offer. To do this, the article considers the problem of determining the dependence of the cost of operating vehicles on regular urban routes on their capacity. As a result of the analysis of the state of the issue, it was established that the carrier’s costs are linearly dependent on the vehicle’s capacity. The use of relative (presented) cost allowed for the elimination of the time factor, and the use of a relative scale for the capacity of rolling stock significantly simplified the resulting mathematical model. The article presents a regression equation describing the dependence of the relative cost of operating a bus on its reduced capacity. Thus, for the first time, a mathematical model has been obtained that allows, in relative (reduced) units, to determine the cost of operating a bus from its capacity, so to form a more effective transport offer. The analysis of the actual data of municipal transport organizations in Krasnoyarsk over a number of years allows us to conclude that the coefficient of the regression equation has a fairly stable value, and no trends have been found from time or data sources (transport organizations). The possible error does not exceed 5% of the operating costs of the base bus used to calculate the relative cost. The effectiveness of the developed methodology for determining the cost of operating buses for regular city routes has been demonstrated through test calculations based on real data from the Krasnoyarsk city public passenger transport system. In the future, it is planned to investigate the application of this approach in the design of transport proposals to determine the optimal structure of the public passenger transport fleet.
