The number of persons with disabilities in Bandung City increased from 1,810 in 2021 to 9,020 in 2022, underscoring the urgent need for adequate community-based support to ensure inclusive health services. This study aimed to assess the potential and quality of life (QoL) of health cadres who assist persons with disabilities in Bandung, Indonesia, and to analyze the correlation between their potential and QoL. This cross-sectional study employed purposive sampling to select 648 health cadres in Bandung City, using secondary data from the 2024 Universitas Padjadjaran Riset Percepatan Lektor Kepala; cadre potential was measured with the NDIS Self-Assessment Tool, quality of life with the EQ-5D-5L, and Rasch analysis with Spearman’s rank correlation (α = 0.05) was used to examine the association between both measures. Most health cadres (94%) work in general support or ancillary roles, and higher education levels were associated with greater potential (p = 0.001). The mean EQ-5D-5L index was 0.93, indicating that the majority of cadres have good mobility (90.74%) but suffer from mild pain (33.49%) and mild anxiety (20.68%). Cadre potential showed a weak but significant positive correlation with QoL (r = 0.164, p < 0.001). In conclusion, health cadres in Bandung demonstrated strong potential and QoL in supporting persons with disabilities. Still, the low association between the two indicates that enhancing training, workload management, and psychosocial support will be important for optimizing their role performance and well-being.
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in urban populations reflects the complex interaction of sociodemographic, behavioral, genetic, and environmental factors. Rapid urbanization has contributed to lifestyle changes, including increased consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs), which may increase the risk of T2DM. This study aimed to identify factors associated with T2DM among adults aged 30-65 years in urban areas. An observational analytic study with an unmatched case-control design was conducted among 152 respondents, consisting of 76 cases and 76 controls, selected from four primary healthcare centers implementing the Free Health Check Program (Cek Kesehatan Gratis/CKG) in Denpasar City. Data were collected through structured interviews and medical record verification. Variables analyzed included age, sex, UPF consumption, physical activity, family history of diabetes mellitus, and socioeconomic status (SES). Data were analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The multivariable analysis showed that age, sex, UPF consumption, physical activity, and family history of diabetes mellitus were independently associated with T2DM and compared with participants aged 30-44 years, those aged 45-54 years had higher odds of T2DM (AOR = 4.399; 95% CI: 1.508-12.827), while those aged 55-65 years also had increased odds (AOR = 2.369; 95% CI: 0.704-7.970). Male participants had higher odds of T2DM than female participants (AOR = 3.533; 95% CI: 1.438-8.678). Frequent UPF consumption was strongly associated with T2DM (AOR = 5.408; 95% CI: 2.162-13.527), as was family history of diabetes mellitus (AOR = 6.108; 95% CI: 2.592-14.393). Low physical activity was also associated with higher odds of T2DM compared with high physical activity (AOR = 4.188; 95% CI: 1.257-13.954), whereas socioeconomic status was not significantly associated with T2DM. In conclusion, age, sex, frequent UPF consumption, low physical activity, and family history of diabetes mellitus were independently associated with T2DM among adults aged 30-65 years in urban areas. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening nutrition education, promoting physical activity, and prioritizing early diabetes screening among high-risk groups.
The digital era is marked by the growing use of gadgets among young children (ages 2–5). This trend is evident in both the duration of use and the number of users, which tend to increase each year. High screen time can lead to emotional, behavioral, and social interaction problems, especially when not supervised by parents. This study aims to determine the correlation between screen time duration, parental factors, and socioemotional development in children aged 2-5 years in the working areas of Kupang. An analytical, observational, cross-sectional design was employed, involving children aged 2–5 years in the working areas of Kupang. A total of 60 respondents were selected using consecutive sampling. Screen time duration was the independent variable, while socioemotional development was the dependent variable. Data were collected using a screen time questionnaire adapted from SMALLQ and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and subsequently analyzed using the Chi- Square test. Univariate analysis showed that 56.67% of children had excessive screen time (>60 minutes/day) and 30.00% experienced very high levels of socioemotional difficulties. Bivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between screen time and socioemotional development (p = 0.003), with a higher risk among children with excessive screen time. However, the Linear-by-Linear Association test showed no significant linear trend (p = 0.071), suggesting that other factors are involved. This study also shows a significant association between parents’ highest educational level and children’s socioemotional development (p-value = 0.005). This finding is supported by the Linear-by-Linear Association test, indicating that screen time is not the only factor influencing children's socioemotional well-being. Other factors also contribute to children’s socioemotional development. These findings indicate that excessive screen time and parental factors may be associated with socioemotional difficulties in early childhood, highlighting the importance of monitoring digital media use during this developmental period.
Pregnant women are at increased risk of oral health problems, including dental caries and gingivitis. This study aimed to examine the association between oral hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices and oral hygiene status among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Sragi Health Center, Pekalongan Regency, Indonesia. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 124 pregnant women selected using accidental sampling. Data on oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising 10 items per domain. Oral hygiene status was assessed using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). Associations between behavioral variables and OHI-S categories (good, moderate, poor) were analyzed using Kendall's Tau-B. Most participants had primary-level education (58%), good knowledge (58%), good attitudes (65%), and poor oral health practices (65%). Most respondents showed a moderate OHI-S status (61%). No significant association was found between educational level and OHI-S (p = 0.655). Significant associations were observed between knowledge and OHI-S (p = 0.017), attitudes and OHI-S (p = 0.010), and practices and OHI-S (p = 0.032). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to oral health were associated with oral hygiene status among pregnant women, whereas educational level was not significantly associated with OHI-S.
Pulmonary tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which is a health problem in Indonesia. Exploration of the treatment point of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance genes is very important for determining the appropriate gene-target markers of resistance. This study aimed to analyze the role of the katG/Rv1908c gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a marker of isoniazid resistance, and to use mutation analysis data to design specific primers for dominant isoniazid-resistance mutations. We conducted descriptive research using a cross-sectional sampling method. The samples in this study were 10 MDR-TB isolates collected at the Health Laboratory and Calibration Testing Center of Central Java Province (Balapkes and Pak Prov Jateng). The research procedure included denaturing target primer sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA, DNA extraction, and PCR procedures. PCR was performed using BIONEER Exceller 96 with Gotaq Green Master Mix Kit reagents. PCR results were sequenced using the Sanger method at PT. Genetika Science. The Sanger sequencing results were analyzed using the BioEdit program to align the sequences. The spliced Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA was analyzed using MEGA 10 software to identify mutation sites for comparison with the wild-type H37Rv and to determine the katG gene mutation site within the mapped region. The results of the DNA sequencing analysis using the Sanger sequencing method obtained that the katG gene mutation was dominated by Ser315Thr (80%) which was a single mutation, a double mutation at Ser315Thr+Ala221Asp (10%), a double mutation at Ser315Thr+Arg249Cys (10%), and the results of Primer F > 5'-GATCACCAGCGGCATCGAG-3' Primer R > 5'-CTCTTCGTCAGCTCCCACTC-3' and Primer R >5'-GATCACCACCGGCATCGAG-3' were able to amplify the Ser315Thr gene target as a detection primer. The conclusion is that the dominant mutation conferring isoniazid resistance is Ser315Thr, and the primers used to target the mutation work well.
