Permasalahan penelitian adalah pembelajaran bulutangkis yang bervariasi dengan pengembangan kemampuan smash belum dapat secara maksimal diterapkan bagi siswa kelas V SD NEGERI Karangwuluh 01 Kabupaten Tegal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil peningkatan kemampuan smash pada permainan bulutangkis siswa kelas V SD NEGERI Karangwuluh 01 Kabupaten Tegal melalui pendekatan bermain melempar shuttlecock. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas.Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas V sejumlah 32 siswa.Penelitian tindakan dilakukan dua siklus, setiap siklus dengan dua kali pertemuan, setiap pertemuan selama 105 menit. Data yang diambil oleh peneliti dan kolaborator dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa lembar observasi pengamatan partisipasi siswa dan tes unjuk kerja siswa melakukan smash bulutangkis. Hasil penilaian partisipasi keaktifan siswa dan tes hasil unjuk kerja siswa akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dalam bentuk persentase. Sedangkan catatan lapangan diolah menjadi kalimat-kalimat yang bermakna dan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif, meliputi: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tindakan dengan pendekatan bermain melempar shuttlecock yang dilakukan dalam 2 siklus dengan keseluruhan 4 kali pertemuan, ternyata mampu meningkatkan kemampuan smash bulutangkis. Peningkatan tersebut meliputi suasana pembelajaran dan perkembangan smash bulutangkis siswa. Saat proses pembelajaran terlihat meningkatnya keaktifan belajar siswa, semangat beraktifitas dari siswa, dan perasaan senang dari siswa dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran. Selain itu juga terlihat adanya peningkatan perkembangan smash bulutangkis siswa yang masuk dalam kategori baik dan sangat baik. Katakunci:Smash,Bulutangkis,Bermain,Melempar Shuttlecook.
This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of the basic manipulative movement of the underhand serve of a mini volleyball using the TaRL method for fourth grade students at SD Negeri Pucangsawit Surakarta. Using the TaRL method, namely learning that is divided into different levels starting from easy, medium, and difficult level. As well as students choosing their own learning according to their abilities aims to provide self-motivation for students because students can compete with friends who have the same abilities, and achieve the final goal at difficult level learning, and for students will be directed to a mini volleyball game which is modified after passing difficult level. This research is a class action research (CAR). This research was conducted in two cycles, with each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research subjects were fourth grade students at SD N Pucangsawit Surakarta, totaling 29 students consisting of 16 boys and 13 girls. Sources of data come from teachers, students, and researchers. Data collection techniques using data triangulation techniques. Data analysis uses a comparative descriptive technique by using techniques to see trends that occur in learning activities. The results of the data analysis can be summarized as follows: learning outcomes for the basic manipulative movement of serving under mini volleyball, pre-cycle seen from the psychomotor aspect, 21% complete, cognitive 15% complete, affective 100%, cycle I psychomotor 45% complete, cognitive 41% complete, affective 100%, and cycle II psychomotor 83%, cognitive 81%, affective 100% complete. Based on these three aspects there was an increase of 45% complete pre-cycle, 62% complete first cycle, and 88% complete second cycle. Based on the results of the data analysis above, it can be concluded that the use of the TaRL method can improve learning outcomes for the basic manipulative movement of the underhand mini volleyball in class IV students at SD Negeri Pucangsawit Surakarta
Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) untuk mengetahui implementasi penguatan budaya literasi dalam pembelajaran PJOK pada guru endidikan jasamni SMP di Dobo Kepulauan Aru, 2) untuk mengetahui bagaimana guru mengimplementasikan budaya literasi dalam proses pembelajaran dan pada perangkat RPP. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 25 guru penjas yang terbagi di beberapa sekolah menengah petrama baik swasta maupun negeri di kabupaten kepulauan Aru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan pendekatan desriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survei, instrument dalam penelitian ini guna untuk pengumpulan data menggunakan angket. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data menunjukan bahwa: 1) dalam proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran implemetasi literasi berada p[ada kategori cukup, 2) dalam pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran guru memiliki beberapa kendala dalam mengimpilemntasi budaya literasi sehingga implementasi dalam proses pembelajaran kurang maksimal baik pada proses pembelajaran dari pembukaan, pelaksanaan hingga evaluasi bahkan dalam perangkat pembelajaran guru belum memahami dan menuangkan dalam RPP. Kata Kunci : Budaya Literasi; Pembelajaran PJOK
The problem in this research is a lack of understanding and mastery of basic passing techniques due to the lack of practice variations which make contact with the ball on the foot impact accuracy when passing. This research aims to determine the effect of triangle and el rondo training on passing accuracy. This type of research is experimental with a two group pretest-posttest design. The subjects studied were 15 futsal extracurricular participants at Siti Aisyah Kadungora Middle School. The test used is shortpass, which has a validity of 0.68 and a reliability of 1.20. Data analysis used a t-test with a significance of 0.05%. The results of this study show that before treatment thit = 2.74 > ttable = 3.01. After being given treatment, thit results were 10.28 > ttable 2.82. The Gain result is 0.86. It was concluded that training with a triangle shape increased by 68%. With the elrondo form of training, there was an increase of 15%, there was a difference in results between the triangle form of training and the elrondo form of training on futsal passing accuracy for Siti Aisyah Middle School futal extracurricular participants.
ABSTRAK Miftakhudin 2023. ”Upaya Meningkatan Hasil Belajar Passing Bawah Bola Voli Melalui Metode Demonstrasi Dengan Boditung pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri Bulakwaru 03 Kecamatan Tarub Semestar I Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024”. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membuktikan bahwa dengan melalui metode demonstrasi dengan boditung (bola digantung) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar passing bawah pada siswa kelas V SDN Bulakwaru 03 semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September 2023 sampai bulan Desember 2023 dengan subyek penelitian siswa kelas V SD Negeri Bulakwaru 03 yang berjumlah 27 siswa. Teknik dan analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data yaitu kegiatan pemilihan data, penyederhanaan data, serta transformasi data kasar dari hasil catatan lapangan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus 3 pertemuan. Hasil Skripsi melalui metode demonstrasi dengan boditung dapat meningkatkan prestasi pendidikan jasmani olahraga dan kesehatan materi passing bawah pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri Bulakwaru 03 semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari kondisi awal siswa yang tuntas 15 siswa (55,6%) dan sebanyak 12 siswa (44,4%) yang belum tuntas, dengan nilai rata-rata 70. Pada siklus I tuntas 20 siswa (74,1%) dan 7 siswa (25,9%) belum tuntas, nilai rata-rata sebesar 74,5. Pada siklus II tuntas 24 siswa (88,9%) dan 3 siswa (11,1%), nilai rata-rata 76,6. Ternyata penerapan metode demonstrasi dengan boditung dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam materi passing bawah bola voli.
Skripsi ini didasarkan pada pengamatan penulis terhadap salah satu faktor pendukung dalam olahraga lompat jauh yaitu daya ledak otot tungkai. Olahraga ini membutuhkan daya ledak otot tungkai yang optimal untuk mencapai hasil lompatan yang terbaik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode latihan time control speed strength dan metode latihan plyometric, serta perbedaan antara kedua metode tersebut terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai atlet lompat jauh PPLP Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen Two Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Sampel terdiri dari 8 atlet lompat jauh PPLP Jawa Barat yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling dan dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok TCSSM dan kelompok plyometric. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah standing broad jump test. Berdasarkan pengolahan dan analisis data, metode latihan TCSSM dan plyometric memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan daya ledak tungkai bawah pada atlet lompat jauh PPLP Jawa Barat. Namun, jika dilihat dari keseluruhan penelitian, metode latihan plyometric menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dalam peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai pada atlet lompat jauh. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode latihan plyometric lebih berpengaruh signifikan dibandingkan latihan time control speed strength terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai pada atlet lompat jauh PPLP Jawa Barat. Penulis memberikan saran untuk penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai latihan plyometric untuk meningkatkan daya ledak otot tungkai menggunakan metode atau sistem yang lain dalam latihan plyometric, sesuai yang peneliti sudah coba ketahui pengaruhnya terhadap peningkatan daya ledak otot tungkai.
Manajement dalam suatu bisnis sangatlah penting,Dirgantara Driving Range Golf Tasikmalaya ini merupakan tempst berlatih golf yang sudah buka sejak 2017, walaupun terletak cukup jauh dari pusat kota, manajement dari tempat ini cukup baik, yang membuatnya tetap eksis dan ramai pengunjung setiap harinya.
The purpose of this study was to reveal the profile of the physical condition of Indonesian junior badminton athletes. Participants in this study were 40 badminton athletes (age = 14-18 years, Male = 31, Female = 9). Research instruments on physical conditions are endurance, strength & conditioning, speed, flexibility, and coordination. Data analysis with descriptive statistics. This study concludes the condition profile as follows; 1) Endurance in male athletes when viewed from an average of 60.29, then falls into the "good" category, then female athletes when viewed from an average of 54.86, then falls into the "good" category; 2) Strength & conditioning in male athletes when viewed from an average of 5.70, then it is included in the "enough" category, then female athletes if viewed from an average of 4.78, it is in the "good" category; 3) Speed for male athletes when viewed from the average of 3.30, is in the "very good" category, then for female athletes if viewed from the average of 3.71, it is in the "excellent" category; 4) Flexibility in male athletes when viewed from an average of 21.42, is in the "good" category, then female athletes when viewed from an average of 14.22, is in the "enough" category; 5) Coordination for male athletes when viewed from an average of 11.46, is included in the "good" category, then for female athletes when viewed from an average of 13.49, it is included in the "good" category. Suggestions for future research are related to the test instruments used.
This study aims to analyze the differences in effectiveness between fast attack and defensive strategies in competitive table tennis, as well as the specific conditions under which each strategy yields the best results. A quantitative approach was used in this research, with observation and video analysis methods of 2 athletes participating in the 2024 PON Men's Singles Final match. Data were analyzed using statistical processing software to identify the effectiveness patterns of both strategies. The research results show that the fast attack strategy is more effective in situations where the opponent responds slowly or has weaknesses in footwork, while the defensive strategy is more consistent in maintaining the rhythm of the game, especially when facing an aggressive opponent. The combination of these two strategies has proven to be a key factor in winning matches. This research recommends that players and coaches develop adaptive abilities to combine both strategies according to the game situation in order to improve performance in competitions.
ABSTRAK ANALISIS KONDISI FISIK TIM ANGGAR JAWA BARAT PADA PON XX PAPUA Pembimbing: Dr. Yadi Sunaryadi, M.Pd Dan Dr. H. Dede Rohmat N, M.Pd Iqbal Jaelani Al-Qusyaeri Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran kondisi fisik Tim Anggar Putra Jawa Barat yang mengikuti PON XX Papua. Karena dalam olahraga Anggar, kondisi fisik menjadi salah satu faktor penting penunjang prestasi. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode penelitian deksriptif. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Tim Anggar Putra Jawa Barat pada PON XX Papua yang berjumlah 9 atlet. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu tes flexibility sit and
Abstract ____________________________________________________________ This research is a learning media development research with the theory used is Immersive Learning based on Natural User Interface. Immersive Learning is expected to help students to practice table tennis without the limitations of space and time tools because Immersive Learning emphasizes learning that is virtual with the help of the Kinect camera from the Xbox 360 so that it is as if students can experience table tennis learning practices directly without the limitations of tools such as table bet net and save space. This research aims to give a new impression in the game of table tennis by giving a modern impression with the technology provided through Immersive Learning Based on Natural User Interface (NUI). In addition, to facilitate the assessment of sports subjects, especially table tennis material because in practice the assessment of the psychomotor domain. In practice in the field, teachers only measure the psychomotor abilities of students approximately during the learning process without making clear indicators so that the objectives of practicum activities according to basic competencies in the curriculum. Thus resulting in the usual subjectivity and unfavorable to improving the quality of learning. This study aims to help students know the level of objectivity in learning the basic movements of table tennis with the ADDIE development model. The research subjects used X grade students of Senior High School Number 1 South Bengkulu with 10 students. The development results that have been validated by media experts and material experts get a very valid category. While the results of the Immersive Learning application trial were determined by looking at the results of the individual trial with a score of 97.5% and the field test with a score of 95.5%. These results show that table tennis Immersive Learning is declared quite effective in improving psychomotor learning outcomes. Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0
Renang merupakan olahraga yang prestasinya dapat diukur, yaitu kemampuan berenang seseorang dilihat berdasarkan kecepatan waktu tempuh berenang (batas). Kemudian pada perlombaan renang terdapat empat jenis gaya yaitu gaya dada, gaya bebas, gaya punggung, dan kupu-kupu. Selain itu renang juga sering dipertandingkan di kejuaraan dunia, provinsi, regional, dan asosiasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui demonstrasi latihan dengan melaksanakan latihan renang gaya bebas menggunakan resistance band dan fin pada atlet JAWS Swimming Club usia 10-12 tahun. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain Quasy Experiment. Teknik yang digunakan disini adalah teknik The None Equivalent, Pretest-Posttest Design. Hasil uji regresi menggunakan resistance band memberikan kontribusi sebesar 18,3%. Selanjutnya dari uji regresi penggunaan sirip memberikan kontribusi sebesar 0,49%. Metode latihan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap kecepatan renang gaya bebas, selain itu materi latihan menggunakan fin dan resistance band yang diberikan secara terprogram, latihan ini dapat memberikan motivasi dan barometer dalam olahraga. berenang agar latihan tidak lagi monoton. Salah satu metode latihan yang dilakukan pada saat kegiatan penelitian adalah latihan pada kolam renang yang mampu dan batasan kolam renangnya disesuaikan dengan keadaan dan kebutuhan pada saat penelitian.
This study aims to analyze the body composition of athletes from the West Java finswimming team and to explore the correlations between various body composition metrics. The sample comprises 8 athletes whose body composition was assessed using Tanita Body Composition DC-360S. Key metrics evaluated include weight, fat mass (FATMASS), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MUSCLEMASS), total body water (TBW), and bone mass (BONEMASS). Correlation analysis demonstrates significant positive relationships between weight and other body composition metrics, particularly fat-free mass (Pearson correlation = 0.966, p < 0.001), muscle mass (Pearson correlation = 0.964, p < 0.001), total body water (Pearson correlation = 0.973, p < 0.001), and bone mass (Pearson correlation = 0.994, p < 0.001). These findings underscore the interconnected nature of body composition variables and their potential impact on athletic performance. The study provides valuable insights into the body composition profiles of finswimmers, which can inform tailored training and nutritional strategies to enhance athletic performance. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to assess the effects of specific interventions on these metrics over time.
This study aims to analyze how much motivation students have in participating in Badminton extracurricular activities at MAN 3 Karwang but also to find out how much intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation students have in participating in Badminton extracurricular activities at MAN 3 Karawang. Research is quantitative descriptive research using survey methods, with data collection techniques using instruments in the form of questionnaires in the form of questionnaires. For the population in this study, there were 32 students who took part in extracurricular Badminton at MAN 3 Karawang. The instrument used was in the form of a questionnaire totaling 35 questions. Data analysis is used descriptive statistical analysis with the level of achievement of respondents. The results showed that students' motivation in participating in extracurricular Badminton at MAN 3 Karawang obtained overall can be categorized as medium with a respondent achievement level of 79.69%. While the intrinsic motivation factor obtained the results of the respondent's achievement level of 84.59% with the high category and for extrinsic motivation factors obtained the results of the respondent's achievement level of 74.79% with the medium category.
Physical education is one of the subjects in schools, including elementary schools. Learning to swim is not easy as experienced by 6th grade students of SDN 2 Pataruman Garut. Where they still have a lot of difficulty in doing social interactions. One of the learning methods that can be used in this case is the Direct Instruction (DI) method with a Video Media approach and game application. This study aims to determine the effect in improving the results of social interaction through traditional sports on 6th grade students of SDN 2 Pataruman Garut. Direct learning method assisted by video media, is very good for improving the results of students' social interaction quite significantly. From the results of the analysis obtained a significant increase from cycle 1, cycle 2 and cycle 3. The results of social interaction through traditional sports in cycle 1 in the Good category were 8% the number of students who completed was 15 students. In cycle 2 there was an increase in the percentage of students' social interactions in the Good category by 40%, while 23 students were complete. In cycle 3, there was an increase in students' social interactions in the good category by 64% while 24 out of 25 students were complete
The purpose of this study was to determine the level of gross motor skills in preschool children. The participants in this study were preschool children, with a total of 30 children aged 5-6 years, who were selected by convenience sampling technique. The instrument of this study was the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2). This study is a descriptive analysis. The results of gross motor skills showed that 5 children were in the below average assessment category (17%), 7 children were in the very poor assessment category (23%), and 18 children were in the poor assessment category (60%). Therefore, the majority of the total children's gross motor data is in the poor category. In conclusion, the competence of preschool children's gross motor skills needs to be improved by optimizing the teaching-learning process. This study contributes to the implementation of further research, namely the need for treatment to optimize Gross Motor skills in preschool children. The urgency to conduct appropriate and measurable treatments to improve preschool children's gross motor skills is important to be considered in the learning and teaching process.
Permainan tradisional merupakan warisan budaya yang telah dimainkan secara turun temururn selama ratusan tahun. Permainan ini menurut beberapa peneltiian mampu mengembangkan kemampuan fisik motorik siswa. Namun, saat ini, permainan tradisional mulai ditinggalkan oleh anak-anak karena mereka lebih tertarik bermain menggunakan gawai. Melihat banyaknya manfaat yang dapat diambil dari permainan tradisional ini, maka permainan ini sangat layak untuk dikenalkan kembali kepada siswa melalui metode pembelajaran di sekolah. Ucing Bancakan merupakan salah satu permainan tradisional yang sudah mulaim jarang dimainkan oleh anak-anak, padahal peneliti sangat yakin bahwa permaian ini mampu meningkatkan fisik morotik siswa sekolah dasar. Untuk itu peneliti melaksanakan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kemampuan motorik siswa melalui permaian tradisional Ucing Bancakan. Meskipun penelitian tentang permaiann tradisional ini sudah banyak dilakukan, namun masih ada celah yang belum dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya yakni potensi permainan Ucing Bancakan dalam mengembangkan kemampuan motorik siswa. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 30 siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa ketiga aspek yaitu: (1) kecepatan; (2) koordinasi mata dan tangan menunjukkan pada kategori baik. Sedangkan aspek kelincahan pada kategori kurang. Dengan demikian, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa permainan tradisional Ucing Bancakan mampu mengembangkan kemampuan motorik siswa kelas IV dengan cukup baik.
As the landscape of sports continues to embrace diversity and inclusivity, the well-being of disabled athletes has gained prominence on the global stage. This study presents a comprehensive study aimed at shedding light on the intricate domain of injury management among disabled athletes in North Sumatera. Through a mixed-methods approach, this research offers a multifaceted exploration of the challenges and strategies inherent to athlete care in the context of disabilities. A diverse sample of disabled athletes representing various sports disciplines and regions across North Sumatera participated in this study. Quantitative data were collected through structured online surveys, capturing demographic information, injury history, training routines, and access to medical support. Complementing the quantitative phase, qualitative insights were derived from in-depth semi-structured interviews with selected athletes and focus group discussions involving coaches, sports medicine professionals, and sports organization representatives. The quantitative analysis revealed insights into the prevalence of injuries among disabled athletes, disparities in medical support, and the impact of training routines on injury rates. Qualitative findings illuminated athletes' experiences with injury prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and the psychological effects of injuries. Coaches and sports medicine professionals provided perspectives on existing athlete care practices and identified areas for improvement. This study contributes a nuanced understanding of injury management within the realm of disabled sports in North Sumatera. As North Sumatera and the broader sporting community strive for inclusivity and excellence, this study serves as a valuable resource to guide the evolution of athlete care practices for disabled athletes.
The purpose of this research is to see how the research that has been carried out regarding the sport education model in physical education learning is implemented at every level of education and discuss the views of teachers and parents. All the data discussed in this research is based on Scopus articles to be more reliable. The method used was a systematic literature review, where the search results found 396 Scopus-indexed articles from 1968–2024, which were selected systematically to become 77 articles relevant to the research question. Based on these results, there are several conclusions, according to this research: 1) Spain and the USA are the most dominant countries in the amount of research related to this sport education model, and further innovation is needed so that this sport education model can also be applied at the college and school level, on the basis of which it is felt that there is still a lack of research. 2) Sports Education Research This model of physical education learning mostly uses sports games, with a high dominance in the sports of basketball and volleyball. 3) Research on sport education models in physical education learning is known to involve many sophisticated media, such as videotaped, audiotaped, accelerometers, and software used for qualitative data processing. and 4) The Sport Education Model application itself combined with technology and social media makes parents actively involved in supporting learning so that the goals designed by the teacher are achieved and the students' parents feel satisfied with the results. Future research is expected to help sharpen studies that have not been revealed in the Sport Education Model research in physical education learning, such as cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects that have been widely carried out, and longitudinal research is needed regarding how this Sport Education Model can help shape students' strong character in physical education activities.
Specific training methods is an important aspect in the preparation of wrestling athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a short-duration high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program with specific wrestling techniques on anaerobic performance. Twelve wrestling athletes were randomized into a control (n=6) or experimental groups (n=6). The experimental protocol consisted of 3 blocks of 6 sets of 10s all-out effort, with 10s passive recovery between sets and 1-min rest interval between blocks, conducted 3 days per week during 4-weeks. A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (group, set and moment) with repeated measurements in the two last factors was conducted to compare the performance during each set of the Frequency Speed Kick Test (FSKT), and an ANOVA two-way (group and moment) with repeated measurements was used to compare the total number of kicks and kick decrement index (KDI). Both groups maintained their regular wrestling training, which was exactly the same. Before and after the training program the athletes performed the FSKT. The experimental group increased (p<0.01) performance in each of the five sets of the FSKT and in the total number of kicks (p<0.001). No statistical difference was observed in the control group after 4-weeks or between the control and experimental group in any moment. A short-duration HIIT program with specific wrestling techniques improved anaerobic performance measured through the FSKT. However, the fatigue index did not change.
