Optimization studies often report cost savings under deterministic conditions, leaving their robustness to real-world uncertainty insufficiently explored. This study evaluates the robustness of a previously developed Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) procurement model for Company XYZ, a protective apparel manufacturer operating in Madagascar’s Export Processing Zone. The model is stress-tested under three scenarios: adverse supplier cost shifts, demand fluctuations of ±15%, and the loss of the lowest-cost supplier in each material category. Across five material categories, the optimal supplier allocation remains robust to moderate cost and demand shocks. However, supplier disruptions reveal substantial differences in resilience across materials. Thread and fabric retain most of their cost savings, whereas zippers, buckles, and Velcro lose most or all of their cost advantage when their lowest-cost supplier becomes unavailable. These findings demonstrate that supplier-diversification constraints can limit exposure to supplier-related risks but are insufficient to ensure procurement resilience. The study also identifies material categories where backup-supplier qualification should be prioritized to strengthen supply chain resilience while preserving procurement cost advantages. Keywords: Supply Chain Resilience; Sensitivity Analysis; Supplier Disruption; Procurement Optimization; Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
This study examines the influence of unique selling proposition (USP) and value proposition (VP) on consumer preferences among Generation Z, with social media digital marketing as a mediating variable. The research employed a quantitative approach, collecting data from 100 Generation Z respondents in Medan City and analyzing them using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that the unique selling proposition and value proposition do not have a significant direct effect on consumer preference. However, social media digital marketing significantly mediates the relationship between both independent variables and consumer preference. The model explains 29.5% of the variance in consumer preferences for local brands and 18.9% for international brands, highlighting the strategic role of digital communication in shaping purchasing behavior. The study offers theoretical insight into mediated customer behavior and provides managerial implications for digital brand strategy development. Keywords: Unique Selling Proposition; Value Proposition; Social Media Digital Marketing; Consumer Preference; Generation Z
This study aims to analyze the influence of financial technology and frugal living on the financial management behavior of Generation Z in Ponorogo Regency with gender as a moderating variable. This study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as its basis, which explains that individual behavior is influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The method used is a quantitative approach with purposive sampling technique. The research sample consisted of 160 Generation Z respondents in Ponorogo Regency who had income and used financial technology. Data collection was conducted through an online questionnaire using Google Form and analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method with SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results showed that financial technology and frugal living had a significant effect on the financial management behavior of Generation Z, but gender did not moderate the effect of financial technology and frugal living on the financial management behavior of Generation Z in Ponorogo Regency. Keywords: Financial Technology; Frugal Living; Financial Management Behavior; Gender
This study examines the determinants of users’ intention to adopt PayLater services in Indonesia using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Four constructs were tested: Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Security, and Perceived User Risk. Data were obtained from 230 Generation Z respondents through an online survey using convenience sampling and analyzed with Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that only Perceived Security has a positive and significant effect on intention to use PayLater, while the other variables show no significant influence. These findings emphasize that users prioritize transaction safety and data protection over convenience or usefulness in adopting digital financial services. The study highlights the growing importance of security perception in fintech adoption and provides practical insights for providers to strengthen trust and promote responsible PayLater usage among young consumers. Keyword: PayLater; Fintech; Technology Acceptance Model; Perceived Security; Perceived User Risk
The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze revisit intention, visitor satisfaction, tourist attractions, and destination image at Luwihaja Hill, Bogor. This study uses a quantitative approach with descriptive and verificative methods, involving 200 respondents, and the data were analyzed using path analysis. The results show that the average visitor assessments of revisit intention, visitor satisfaction, tourist attractions, and destination image are categorized as high, satisfied, attractive, and good, respectively. Tourist attractions and destination image have positive and significant effects on visitor satisfaction and revisit intention. Visitor satisfaction also has a positive and significant effect on revisit intention. In addition, tourist attractions and destination image have indirect effects on revisit intention through visitor satisfaction. The limitation of this study is its scope, which is limited to one location and a specific data collection period. Future research is recommended to expand the research locations, extend the data collection period, and include other variables that may influence revisit intention. Keywords: Revisit Intention; Visitor Satisfaction; Tourist Attractions; Destination Image
