Introduction. Strategies for Russia’s civilian presence in Svalbard are considered, with a focus on tourism and scientific cooperation as key instruments of soft power and geopolitical positioning. Aim . Assess the significance of tourism and scientific cooperation for Russia’s civilian presence on Svalbard. Material and methods. Drawing on policy documents, official statements, and recent developments, a qualitative document analysis is combined with a case study approach. Results. An analysis is provided of how Russia seeks to maintain and reconfigure its presence on the archipelago amidst economic constraints and Norwegian policy. Conclusion. Tourism is becoming the central pillar of Russia’s civilian presence on the archipelago, whereas scientific engagement with BRICS and other partners is more likely to unfold elsewhere in the broader Russian Arctic.
The end of the political transition in Afghanistan in August 2021 altered radically the spheres of activities of International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs), compelling them to make an urgent change in priorities, making the development-focused programming change to emergency humanitarian response. This paper explores the combined effect of INGOs on the health and education sector in Afghanistan during the 2020-2025 timeframe, specifically how innovation and Information Systems (IS) have helped the service delivery to be sustained in the face of extreme institutional and political constraints. The paper uses a mixed-methodology approach to review secondary data concerning key health and education indicators, as well as a thematic analysis of the operational strategies of INGOs. The quantitative data show that the female secondary school enrollment (38.5 percent in 2020 and estimated 1.5 percent in 2025) fell precipitously, and the Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) increased, indicating the humanitarian crisis. On the other hand, the INGO health coverage became even more important with a manifestation of their urgency as the main service provider. Qualitative analysis revealed that the introduction of sustainable, localized information systems, particularly remote monitoring and resource tracking, was the key institutional innovation that enabled the INGO to achieve approximately 82 % resource allocation efficiency after the transition, compared to 65 % before the transition. The paper concludes that INGOs have played an essential role in ensuring that there is no complete breakdown of vital services, but their overall effect in the long term is limited due to the absence of a consistent institutional structure and policy limitations. Policy recommendations focus on the necessity to have long-term, adaptable funding, and investment in digital resilience and a localized approach to service provision to maneuver the humanitarian-development nexus in fragile contexts.
This article aims to analyze the characteristics, challenges, and prospects of investment cooperation between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China in the context of geopolitical instability and sanctions pressure. The study aims to identify structural imbalances and key barriers, as well as to develop specific measures to strengthen investment ties.Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is based on theoretical analysis of scientific concepts of international investment cooperation, as well as a comparative and structural analysis of statistical data on the dynamics and sectoral structure of mutual investments.Results. The analysis revealed significant asymmetries and structural problems in cooperation. Over 70 % of Chinese investment in Russia is concentrated in the raw materials sector (fuel and energy complex), while the volume of Russian investment in the Chinese economy remains minimal. A key barrier is the blocking of a significant portion of transactions by Chinese banks (up to 60 %) due to the risk of secondary sanctions, despite the transfer of 90 % of mutual settlements to national currencies. A roadmap for strengthening investment ties between Russia and China has been proposed.Conclusions. The authors conclude that there is significant untapped potential for investment partnerships. Unleashing this potential requires systemic measures: diversifying Chinese investments into non-resource sectors (agricultural, high-tech, infrastructure), increasing Russian investment in China, developing alternative settlement mechanisms (integrating the SPFS and CIPS, digital currencies), and strengthening the institutional framework through the creation of joint funds and councils. Implementation of the proposed roadmap will ensure sustainable and balanced investment cooperation.
Relevance. The urgency of transport modernization is driven by the pressing need to overcome the growing critical contradictions of modern civilization. This includes the risk of sudden climate change, the need to expand transport coverage for a growing population, the development of new, increasingly remote deposits, and the expansion of cargo and waste logistics areas. This also includes the need to improve the quality of life and public health, deliver fresh and clean water, and achieve comprehensive energy conservation and environmental protection.Aim. To propose a modern engineering plan for modernizing existing freight and passenger infrastructure by incorporating a multimodal continental elevated high-speed transport system with specific, technically feasible new handling and transport solutions.Results. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of existing transport systems, their capabilities, and limitations is provided for a wide range of continental climate and landscape conditions. Schemes for organizing new solutions and their economic advantages are presented.Conclusions. Methods for modernizing transport using proprietary solutions are proposed for organizing a multimodal, highly environmentally friendly transport system, working under the title “Waltz”, for port, transcontinental pipeline, and transcontinental freight and passenger transportation across metropolitan areas and countries. The implementation of these new solutions is highly effective for developing territories across any landscape in Eurasia and other continents, and will also reduce the risk of man-made disasters in transport.
Relevance. The introduction of the digital ruble for business in Russia faces regulatory and infrastructural barriers. The transition to using digital currency requires time and resources, process restructuring, and the government is deliberately stretching the transition for several years to give banks and businesses time to adapt.Aim. To develop specific measures and a step-by-step plan for their implementation during the transition to the digital ruble for businesses, ensuring a high level of security and data protection. The main objectives of the study are to substantiate and classify the main problems of implementing the digital ruble; to study foreign experience; to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the plan / roadmap.Materials and methods. Comparative legal analysis, system analysis and elements of the project approach. The empirical base consists of materials from advisory reports of the Bank of Russia, analytical reviews of international payment systems, and data from pilot projects on the introduction of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs).Results. The study systematized the main barriers to business, which were divided into two groups: legal and infrastructural. Studying the experience of other countries has shown that there are uniform technical standards, which requires adaptation to national specifics. The main practical result is a set of priority measures, including proposals for combining civil and banking legislation, the introduction of common API specifications and protocols for cross-platform interaction. A three-stage roadmap with performance indicators has been developed.Conclusions. The introduction of the digital ruble for business should be focused on strategy and the implementation of a set of measures to reduce the risk of uncertainty and the ability to adjust the business plan, with the transition to a payment system using the digital ruble.
Relevance. Low variability in the performance indicators of science cities requires adjustments to their threshold values. This article aims to improve approaches to assessing the performance of science cities, ensuring both the maintenance of a high level of scientific and technological development and their further development. Materials and Methods. Scientometric and statistical methods for studying socio-economic systems were used. Results . An analysis of the scientific and technological development of science cities and the fulfillment of requirements for their research and production complexes was conducted. Directions for adjusting the indicator values are proposed, including a median approach to changing the threshold values of indicators. Conclusions . The results of the study can be used when amending regulatory legal acts on assigning science city status to municipalities.
Purpose . The relevance of this study is driven by the high interest in innovative financial tools among the economic and business communities, as well as public and private sector leaders, and the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence in dozens of countries worldwide to solve a diverse range of problems. Objective : To study the impact of artificial intelligence on the development of the Russian financial sector by analyzing the opportunities it can offer not only to representatives of financial institutions, innovation managers, and risk managers. Methods : A combination of theoretical methods was used, including statistical analysis, formalization, abstraction, and retrospective analysis. Results : The study describes not only competitive advantages but also potential barriers to the successful automation of business processes in investment asset management, lending, insurance, and risk management. A classification of innovative tools for studying structured and unstructured data is provided, including modern anti-fraud solutions, customer scoring tools, business process automation tools, and personalization of financial services and solutions. Conclusions : A thoughtful, phased, strategic implementation of artificial intelligence tools in the Russian financial sector is essential for the development of innovative products and solutions. Intelligent analytics and financial monitoring tools must comply with legal, regulatory, economic, and ethical standards. Ensuring the secure storage of user personal data and the effective response to increasingly frequent cyberattacks are recognized as one of the challenges of implementing artificial intelligence tools.
Relevance. In the context of the globalization of science and the transition to a knowledge economy, scientific assessment is acquiring strategic significance as a tool for managing research quality, allocating resources, and shaping scientific policy. In Azerbaijan, the existing scientific assessment model is still in the institutional development stage, requiring further methodological and regulatory improvement. The current assessment system, which relies heavily on quantitative bibliometric indicators, does not fully realize the potential for accounting for the qualitative, applied, and socioeconomic impacts of scientific results. This hinders the improvement of scientific management efficiency and its sustainable international competitiveness. The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of international scientific assessment models, identify the characteristics and challenges of the national assessment system in Azerbaijan, and develop recommendations for the development of a more effective, transparent, and efficient scientific management model. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the study was a comparative and institutional analysis, as well as a systemic and structural-functional approach. This study utilizes materials from international organizations (OECD, EU), regulatory acts of the Republic of Azerbaijan, data from scientometric databases, and research by foreign and domestic authors in the fi eld of scientific activity assessment and science management. Results. The main international models for scientific activity assessment are systematized. The Azerbaijani model for scientific activity assessment is analyzed, identifying its institutional advantages and systemic limitations. Recommendations for developing a more effective, transparent, and efficient model for scientific activity management are developed. Conclusions. The need for the Azerbaijani scientific activity assessment system to transition to a multi-level an multi-factor hybrid model combining bibliometric indicators, qualitative expert assessment, and socioeconomic impact indicators is substantiated. The introduction of performance-based funding, strengthening scientific ethics institutions, and the development of a national scientific information database will improve the transparency and quality of assessments, as well as enhance the international competitiveness of national science.
The relevance of this work is determined by the importance of energy security, which consists not only in reducing dependence on fossil fuels, but also in avoiding dependence on advanced technologies. The development of artificial intelligence, which requires significant energy and technological resources, is shifting the focus of competition from energy security to technological sovereignty. The aim of this study was to identify suitable tools for analyzing abstracts text obtained from a large volume of bibliometric records. It focused on the preliminary assessment of current topics in the energy sector with the aim of effectively analyzing trends in technological sovereignty issues. Data. In this paper 10 thousand bibliometric records for the year 2024, sorted by relevance and exported from the open abstract database Sciliton the query: “energy AND technology”. Filters were applied on the “Subject” category most related to technology: Power Systems & Electric Vehicles, Energy Systems & Technologies, Electrical Energy Management, and Nuclear Technology & Instrumentation. Results. The main topic of the analyzed bibliometric data was renewable energy. Based on keywords, twelve clusters were identified, three of which — hydrogen, thermal energy storage, and greenhouse gas emissions — are of greatest interest. These clusters reflect keywords derived from both Yake! and PatternRank. The Yake! program outperforms PatternRank in terms of run time and representation of found keywords in abstract texts. The feasibility of using AnyAscii for text preprocessing is demonstrated. Conclusions . The study showed that it is necessary to expand data sources for a more comprehensive analysis of the issue under consideration, for example, using OnePetro for topics related to oil and gas, IEEE Xplore for energy systems issues, and Semantic Scholar for assessing the role of AI in the energy sector.
This article examines approaches to developing a system of information interaction and information support for scientific and technological development processes (using the example of VNIIR — the All-Russian Research Institute of Radioelectronics). The aim of this work is to substantiate approaches to the digital transformation of information process management mechanisms and the formation of information resources that ensure information interaction and information support for scientific and technological development processes in the electronics industry. Particular attention is paid to the rationale for multiple information circuits, united into a single information space, ensuring information integration and information support for management decision-making processes for the development of the electronics industry in the context of digital transformation.
The national technical and scientific information infrastructure is a strategic component of the research ecosystem in the Republic of Moldova, facilitating open access to knowledge and enhancing the visibility of scientific results. Platforms such as the National Bibliometric Instrument (IBN), the AGEPI databases, and institutional repositories contribute to the archiving, indexing, and sustainable dissemination of scientific output. These digital structures ensure interoperability with international open data networks, in line with the principles promoted by UNESCO. Strengthening the national information infrastructure is an essential prerequisite for increasing the competitiveness of science, fostering international cooperation, and maximizing the societal impact of research results.
Introduction. The main barriers to increasing the level of robotics in Russia are personnel shortages, financial uncertainty, and the monopolization of competencies. A scientifically sound architecture for robotics competence centers (RCC) is lacking.Aim. To justify the creation of a network of RCCs, propose a functional model, an AI-based architecture, and a three-level hierarchy to improve the efficiency of robot implementation in mechanical engineering.Materials and methods. Methods of system analysis, functional modeling, comparative analysis, and content analysis were used. Materials included statistics from the International Federation of Robotics (IFR), company survey results, and practices from Rosatom, Russian Railways, and the Federal Center for Competence in Labor Productivity (FCC).Results. Three groups of barriers were identified. A model of the CCR consisting of six modules was proposed, including an AI core (knowledge base, predictive analytics, road map generation, and KPI monitoring). A three-level hierarchy has been developed: federal, regional, and sectoral CCR.Conclusion. The proposed architecture differs from its analogues in the central role of AI in end-to-end automation of audit, monitoring, and decision-making. The expected effects include a 15-25 % reduction in implementation costs, a 6-9 month reduction in project timelines, and a 1.5-2.5 p. p. increase in productivity. The CCR network with an AI core can become an element of government policy. Key measures to achieve this include the inclusion of CCR in national projects, the standardization of requirements for AI cores, and a unified methodological framework.
Introduction. The role of the Moscow metropolitan as the leading flagship of the entire transport infrastructure of the capital has increased. For the effective functioning of the metropolitan , it is important to comply with technical and regulatory indicators that determine the intensity of train traffic and affect the safety of the entire infrastructure. Aim. To analyze and evaluate the safety and reliability indicators of Moscow metropolitan facilities in order to improve the efficiency of its functioning. Materials and Methods. Statistical modeling methods, methods of queuing theory, reliability theory, systems analysis and a structural-functional approach. Results. Quantitative characteristics of metro passenger flow are calculated, and the features of the occurrence of failures are determined. It is shown that due to the increase in passenger flow during rush hours, most stations operate at the limit of their capacity. An integral coefficient of metro capacity is proposed. Conclusion. Active modernization of the Moscow metropolitan and the introduction of innovations contribute to increasing the reliability and comfort of passenger transportation. In order to improve the efficiency of the metro system, it is necessary to equip 100 % of all lines with innovative trains, and it is also important to begin the reconstruction of “problem” distances and implement a number of preventive measures. Innovative modernization of the metro will also increase the investment attractiveness of certain districts of Moscow.
Relevance. With the growing tax burden on small and medium-sized businesses, it is necessary to consider various tax accounting methods and inventory management systems to identify problem areas and subsequently optimize business processes.Aim. A comprehensive study of the inventory management system and analysis of applicable tax regimes using a simulated small business entity as an example to identify key relationships and problem areas and develop practical recommendations for optimizing accounting, minimizing the tax burden, and increasing the overall financial stability of the business in a dynamic market environment and changing legislation.Materials and Methods. The methodological framework utilized methods of systemic, comparative, financial management, ratio, SWOT, and average cost analyses.Results. Аnalysis of the simulated sole proprietor’s operations revealed effective inventory management, as evidenced by a high turnover ratio. The chosen tax strategy is optimal. A SWOT analysis identified factors that threaten the simulated entity’s operations. The key threat is the planned increase in fixed insurance premiums starting in 2026.Conclusion. The study showed that a system for accounting and analyzing inventory movements based on the average cost method enabled the company to achieve high inventory turnover, minimize storage costs, and reduce depreciation risks. The use of a simplified tax system for wholesale operations and a patent system for retail trade in the current environment ensures an acceptable tax burden and reduces administrative costs through simplified reporting.To maintain and improve the efficiency of individual entrepreneurs, it is necessary not only to maintain current effective inventory management practices but also to actively implement analytical tools for demand forecasting, diversify suppliers, and regularly assess the suitability of the chosen tax system for changing economic conditions and their own operating performance.
Relevance. The study analyzes the topic of increasing energy consumption by AI systems, especially in training large models, which places pressure on energy infrastructures. The aim of this study is to analyze the limitations in the use of Author Keywords and IEEE terms presented in the corresponding fields of bibliometric records in the IEEE Xplore database on the topic of energy technologies. Materials and methods. The material under study consisted of 12,000 bibliometric records exported from the IEEE Xplore database from 2020 to 2025. Of these records, 6,000 were conference materials and 6,000 were journal articles. Results. The identified research highlights major trends in smart energy systems, emphasizing the integration of IoT, AI, and machine learning for enhanced operation and predictive maintenance. Key focus areas are smart microgrids, hydrogen energy storage, and electric transport/battery systems. A format is proposed for additional conclusions and recommendations on each issue under consideration, formulated in a semi-formal but clear descriptive style. Conclusion. The publications reflect a strong emphasis on cybersecurity, data privacy, and addressing economic and accessibility issues. Furthermore, research involves advanced topics like mathematical modeling, innovative components (e. g., varactor diodes), and thermal management to improve energy efficiency and ensure safe, modern energy infrastructure, particularly in applications like smart cities. Future research suggests utilizing the IEEE thesaurus to analyze publication trends based on term frequency in titles and abstracts.
Relevance. The almost non-existent dynamics of the development of the innovative potential of science cities has a negative impact on the scientific and technological development of science cities. Aim. To identify the causes affecting the development of the innovative activities of science cities and their innovative potential in order to improve these activities. Materials and methods. Federal statistical data and scientometric methods of their analysis. Results. Based on the analysis of the innovative activities of science cities, the directions for adjusting the activities of the science and production complexes of science cities have been developed. Conclusion. Science cities are the focal points of Russia’s scientific and technological development, despite the challenges faced by individual science cities. The proposed areas for adjusting the activities of science cities can be used for their further development and improvement.
