The relevance of this study is driven by the growing popularity of equity crowdfunding as an alternative source of financing for small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as the need for institutional support for this market in Russia. The objective of this article is identifying institutional factors that constrain the development of equity crowdfunding in Russia, as well as determining successful elements of foreign practices potentially applicable for development of the domestic market. Methodology: the study implies current cross-cultural research based on G. Hofstede’s model of national cultures, analyses legal frameworks system, contractual practices, and market statistics. Scientific novelty lies in the theoretical conceptualisation of equity crowdfunding as an institutional phenomenon shaped by the interaction of cultural norms, formal rules, and contractual practices. The article develops O. Williamson’s approach, demonstrating its relevance for analysing specific features of financial markets. Research results: a comparative analysis is conducted of the institutional environment for equity crowdfunding in Russia and the United Kingdom. Key differences are identified in value orientations, regulatory regimes, contractual forms, and specific market practices. The article outlines the interrelated mechanisms of the institutional environment and the maturity level of the crowdfunding market and it shapes key directions for institutional transformation. Practical significance: the findings can be used by regulators, platform operators, and policymakers in designing mechanisms to improve accessibility and foster the development of equity crowdfunding in Russia.
Objective. The article under consideration presents a comprehensive analysis of the value chain of the Russian ferrous metallurgy industry based on the methodology of the inter-industry balance and input-output tables. The study reveals the economic role of the industry, the structure of production and consumer links, as well as sustainability in view of external constraints. Scenario modeling is utilised to evaluate the consequences of declining exports and the possibilities of compensation through domestic demand and import substitution. The scientific novelty of the research lies in its integration of inter-industry analysis with an assessment of the structural adaptability of the industry. The study employs a quantitative assessment of the links between sectors including calculation of full cost coefficients and multipliers. It is specifically applied to the Russian ferrous metallurgy sector in reference to the data of 2021. The findings emphasise the necessity for modernisation, in-depth processing and the development of internal industry links. Therefore, the authors suggest measures to be implemented for reducing raw material dependence, increasing added value and ensuring the sustainable development of metallurgy in the context of global transformations.
This article examines the process of qualitatively modernising Egypt’s maritime fleet and transforming it into a fullyfledged component of national productive forces. The Suez Canal once transformed the geography of global trade and continues to ensure the unity of sea routes, significantly reducing the cost of cargo turnover between them. However, the narrow channel and emergency situations can significantly impact traffic volume and carrying capacity under specific circumstances. The facility operates at full swing, ensuring a third of the global container traffic and generating significant revenue for a century and a half. The objective of the article is exploring the state’s extensive policy of expanding the functional significance of the maritime merchant and civilian fleets through the implementation of programs to modernise the country’s maritime and port infrastructure. Systemic approach is used to study the research object, employing elements of content and factor analysis and methods for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the process of strengthening this strategically important economic sector.
The objective of the research is to identify human capital as the basis of innovative development in the context of the digitalising economy and its growing role within the framework of automation, AI and global competition. The impact of human capital on innovation processes and strategies of the leading countries worldwide is analysed, including the challenges of digitalisation, automation-driven risks and ethical aspects of AI. The methodology employed is comparative analysis of various types of intellectual capital (human, structural and customer ones), as well as its practice in Germany, the USA and China. The article describes modern digital technologies (cloud solutions, AI), their impact on the labour market. It also conducts a critical analysis of relevant statistics and reports (e.g. on scarce information security personnel). Findings. The article emphasises the significance of training personnel in the domain of security and digital technologies, which is of particular relevance for the Russian economy. Reference to specific universities and training programs serves to enhance a practical value to the given research.
To fundamentally and sustainably change the current situation in the Russian economy — where a number of sectors face labor shortages, rising production costs, price increases, declining consumer demand, and near-zero production growth rates — it is necessary to widely adopt new equipment and breakthrough technologies (robotics, artificial intelligence, etc.). Retooling production on the basis of advanced and cutting-edge technologies (that are superior to of others technologies) makes it possible to reduce the need for manual labor, increase production volumes, especially of the most in-demand goods, lower production costs, and slow down price growth. Some of the modern equipment and technologies, along with their components and many other means of production, are imported into the Russian Federation, while some of those created in Russia are exported. The purpose of this study is to analyze Russia’s foreign trade in technologies. The main objectives of the study include: identifying the nature and causes of changes in the indicators of technology exports from the Russian Federation and imports into Russia; assessing the impact of sanctions on such changes; and establishing the extent to which states that are unfriendly to the Russian Federation participate in trade in technologies with Russia. The subject of the study is data from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat).
