Background and Objective: Infertility is a significant challenge for couples, often leading to increased psychological distress and stress. This study aimed to explore the relationship between coping strategies and perceived stress in infertile couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 23, 2023, to March 19, 2024, at Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan, Iran. A total of 100 couples experiencing primary infertility, confirmed by a physician, were included in the study. Participants completed a demographic and obstetric characteristics questionnaire, Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, and the Stress Coping Strategies Questionnaire (Endler and Parker). Data were analyzed using Stata version 13 software. Results: The average age of the women was 34.65 ± 3.16 years, while the average age of the men was 38.24 ± 3.78 years. The average stress score was higher among men (37.93 ± 9.43) compared to women (37.30 ± 8.31). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that, after controlling for other variables, the duration of marriage, infertility, and treatment type were significantly associated with perceived stress (P < 0.05). Although stress levels were 2.58 points higher in men than in women, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.21). Participants with high stress levels tended to use fewer problem-focused coping strategies. Conclusion: Individuals with higher perceived stress tended to rely more on emotion-focused and avoidance-focused coping strategies. Educational interventions to enhance problem-focused coping strategies among these individuals are recommended. Additionally, conducting qualitative studies to better identify the psychological needs of infertile couples may help improve support programs.
Background and Objective: Hemodialysis patients face multiple challenges that affect their quality of life. Resilience, a psychological coping factor, improves sleep quality in this vulnerable population. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between resilience and sleep quality in hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 118 hemodialysis patients attending healthcare centers affiliated with Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Convenience sampling was also conducted. Data were collected using a demographic checklist, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Statistical analyses, including correlation and multiple linear regression tests, were performed using STATA software (Version 19). Results: The mean age of participants was 56.32 ± 14.98 years, with 57.63% males and 42.37% females. The mean PSQI score was 7.17 ± 3.20, indicating poor sleep quality, and the mean resilience score was 49.50 ± 17.06. A significant positive correlation was found between resilience and overall sleep quality (r = 0.3851), sleep latency, sleep disturbances, medication use, sleep efficiency, and sleep duration (P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that demographic and clinical variables (age, gender, marital status, education, income, history of transplant or peritoneal dialysis) did not significantly affect sleep quality. In contrast, resilience was a positive, significant predictor of sleep quality (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Higher resilience is independently associated with better sleep quality in hemodialysis patients. These findings suggest that resilience plays a crucial role in managing sleep disorders in this population, and enhancing resilience may improve sleep quality and overall health outcomes in these patients. It is recommended that programs to enhance psychological resilience and provide psychological support be designed and implemented for this population. Such interventions may include coping skills training, social support reinforcement, and psychotherapy to reduce sleep disturbances and improve patients' quality of life.
Background and Objective: One of the causes of emotional divorce is marital dissatisfaction. Sexual behavior education is considered a method for improving marital relationships. Online interventions serve as a novel and accessible means of providing such education. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an online collaborative learning intervention on the sexual behavior of women experiencing emotional divorce. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 72 married women in Qazvin, Iran, between June and September 2022. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (n=36) or a control group (n=36). The intervention was delivered through five weekly online group sessions (groups of 7–8 participants), each lasting up to 90 minutes, and incorporated opportunities for collaborative learning. The Gutman Emotional Divorce Questionnaire and the Sexual Behavior Questionnaire were administered online before the intervention and at 1 and 3 months after its completion. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance. Results: At baseline, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in total mean sexual behavior scores (p = 0.08). However, the intervention group showed significantly higher scores than the control group at both the one-month (68.09 vs. 50.72) and three-month (62.07 vs. 45.70) follow-ups (p<0.001). In the sexual behavior subscales, the intervention group demonstrated increased scores in sexual capacity (p<0.001 at both follow-ups), sexual motivation (p = 0.06 at the first follow-up and p = 0.03 at the second), and sexual scenario (p<0.001 at the first follow-up and p = 0.003 at the second); however, no significant change was observed in sexual performance. Additionally, emotional divorce scores decreased significantly in the intervention group, compared to the control group, only at the second assessment (9.93 vs. 13.85, p = 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that mobile-based collaborative learning positively affects sexual behavior and reduces emotional divorce scores among women.
Background and Objective: Improving the quality of education necessitates a transformation in teaching methods. Choosing the correct teaching method is crucial to student satisfaction and learning. This study aimed to compare flipped-game and flipped-traditional teaching on learning outcomes and student satisfaction in pregnancy and childbirth courses among midwifery students. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2024-2025 on 65 students (43 undergraduate and 22 postgraduate) using a census method at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. In this study, two class sessions were delivered using the combined flipped and game-based teaching method, while the other two sessions used a flipped and traditional teaching method. A demographic questionnaire, the satisfaction questionnaire by Bairamnejad et al., and multiple-choice questions to assess learning were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25). Results: Both teaching methods improved exam scores over time, with the technique incorporating games showing significantly higher scores than traditional teaching (P < 0.001). The evaluation of student satisfaction showed that 66.2% of the students reported high satisfaction with the flipped classroom combined with game-based teaching. In comparison, 38.5% reported high satisfaction with the flipped classroom combined with traditional teaching. Overall, comparing the average satisfaction between the two teaching methods showed that students were more satisfied with the game-based method than with the conventional method (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that a combined flipped classroom and game-based teaching approach, compared to traditional education, has a positive effect on student satisfaction and learning outcomes, fostering a more dynamic and engaging educational environment.
Background and Objective: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of the central nervous system that threatens an individual's independence and ability and affects all aspects of the patient's life. The Orem Self-Care Model is a suitable clinical guide for this patient to plan and implement self-care principles. This study aimed to systematically review the application of Orem's self-care model in patients with multiple sclerosis in Iran. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted on articles published between 2009 and 2023, identified through searches of domestic and international databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, SID, Magiran, and Iran Doc. Keywords used included self-care, Orem's theory, multiple sclerosis, and Model/Theory/Framework self-care. Inclusion criteria included original research studies in Iran and access to the full text of the article without time limits. After qualitative assessment with CONSORT and STROBE checklists, studies were reviewed, and the desired data were extracted. Results: Out of 309 studies identified, 16 eligible articles were included in the systematic review, which included clinical trials and quasi-experimental studies. The studies' results showed the effects of the Orem model on quality of life, caregiver distress, balance and motor function, disease-related problems, anxiety, stress, sleep quality, fatigue, hope, self-esteem, and activities of daily living in clients with multiple sclerosis in Iran. Conclusion: Orem's self-care model is among the nursing models that have received much attention from researchers in Iran. The results of this evidence-based study can serve as a guide for applying Orem's self-care model to address the numerous problems faced by multiple sclerosis patients in Iran.
Background and Objective: Leukemia is one of the most common types of cancer among patients, which can affect crucial components of life, such as life expectancy, tolerance of helplessness due to treatment, and psychological well-being of patients, leading to increased psychological stress resulting from the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on life expectancy, tolerance of helplessness, and psychological well-being of cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group was conducted in 2024 for 2 months. The statistical population included all patients with leukemia at Shahid Mahallati Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. In total, 30 patients were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: experimental (15 participants) and control (15 participants). The experimental group received mindfulness-based training through an educational package of eight 90-minute in-person sessions, whereas the control group received no intervention. Data were collected with Schneider and Peterson's Hope Questionnaire, Riff's Psychological Well-Being, and Simmons and Gaher's Helplessness Tolerance Questionnaire, and analyzed using multivariate and univariate covariance analysis in SPSS software (version 26). Results: The results showed that MBCT has an effect on the components of life expectancy, factor thinking (P = 0.004) and path thinking (P = 0.007), and the psychological well-being components of self-acceptance (P = 0.001), positive relationships with others (P = 0.005), autonomy (P = 0.001), mastery of the environment (P = 0.014), purposeful living (P = 0.017), personal growth (P = 0.038), and helplessness tolerance, and the difference between pretests and posttests is also significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Considering the results, using cognitive behavioral therapy integrated with mindfulness can be an effective treatment for increasing life expectancy, tolerance of treatment-induced helplessness, and psychological well-being of patients; therefore, it is suggested that the aforementioned treatment method be used as a complement to drug treatments in patients with leukemia.
Background and Objective: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable chronic diseases, with widespread physical and psychological consequences for affected individuals. Psychological factors, such as life expectancy, resilience, and self-compassion, play a crucial role in better disease management and improving patients' quality of life. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the relationships among life expectancy, resilience, and self-compassion among patients with type 2 diabetes in Nahavand, Iran, adopting a novel approach that simultaneously investigates these three constructs within this population's unique cultural context. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study included 300 patients with type 2 diabetes, selected through convenience sampling from those attending Ghodusi Hospital and Imam Khomeini Clinic in Nahavand, Iran, during autumn 2024. Data were collected using the Schneider Life Expectancy Scale (1991), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), and Neff Self-Compassion Scale (2003). After confirming the data's normality, Pearson correlation and linear regression analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 25) to test the study hypotheses. Results: Most participants were female (57.7%), single (56%), employed in governmental or private jobs (73.3%), and had a moderate economic status (47.7%). Most patients used oral medications (51.3%). Descriptive results showed that the mean scores for life expectancy were (42.65 ± 7.38), resilience (63.42 ± 8.15), and self-compassion (88.57 ± 9.21). Pearson correlation analyses indicated significant positive relationships between life expectancy and resilience (r = 0.51, P < 0.001), life expectancy and self-compassion (r = 0.47, P < 0.001), and resilience and self-compassion (r = 0.49, P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed that resilience and self-compassion accounted for 26% and 22% of the variance in life expectancy, respectively. The overall regression model was significant (F = 242.97, P < 0.001) and explained 39.2% of the variance in life expectancy (R² = 0.392). Conclusion: This study demonstrated significant positive associations between life expectancy, resilience, and self-compassion. Based on these findings, it is recommended that empowerment programs and psychological interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes focus on enhancing resilience and self-compassion because these factors can effectively increase life expectancy and improve psychological well-being.
Background and Objective: Nursing soft skills, an innovative approach emphasizing communication skills, contribute to improving the quality of healthcare services and enhancing patient satisfaction. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between soft skills, nursing care quality, and patient satisfaction in Ardabil, Iran, in 2024. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 352 employed nurses and hospitalized patients in educational and medical centers in Ardabil, Iran. The nurses and patients were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a five-part questionnaire, including demographic characteristics of nurses and patients, the Soft Skills Questionnaire for Nurses, the Quality Nursing Care Scale, and the Patients' Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26) through descriptive and analytical statistics. Results: A positive and significant correlation was observed between nurses' soft skills and patients' satisfaction with the quality of nursing care (r = 0.11, P = 0.03). Additionally, a positive and significant correlation was found between the quality of nursing care and patients' satisfaction with nursing care (r = 0.14, P = 0.006). Conclusion: The findings showed that although a positive and significant relationship was observed between soft skills and the quality of nursing care with patient satisfaction, the correlation was very weak and indicated only a small contribution of these variables in explaining patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction is influenced by a complex, multidimensional set of factors; therefore, future research should consider broader individual, organizational, and environmental variables.
Background and Objective: Grief is one of the psychological complications of abortion that affects the individual and social quality of life of women. The present study aimed to determine the level of grief after abortion and its related factors in Hamedan, Iran, in 2023. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective cohort study conducted in 2023-2024 on 296 women with a history of abortion. The samples were collected conveniently and were divided into two groups based on the type of abortion: non-exposed (spontaneous abortion) and exposed (self-induced abortion). The data collection tool included a demographic information questionnaire and the Perinatal Grief Scale (PGS). The demographic information questionnaire was completed by the subjects at the beginning of the study, and the PGS was completed by the researcher six to eight weeks after the abortion through a call with the participant. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 26). Descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and percentage, as well as inferential statistical tests, including chi-square, t-test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression, were employed. The significance level in all statistical tests was considered less than 0.05. Results: The total score of the PGS questionnaire and its three domains (active grief, difficulty with coping, and despair) was significantly higher in the exposed group (self-induced abortion) than in the non-exposed group (spontaneous abortion) (P<0.001). The incidence of post-abortion grief (odds ratio: 48.30, 95% confidence interval: 11.10-210.16), active grief (odds ratio: 14.13, 95% confidence interval: 40.96-4.87), difficulty with coping (odds ratio: 55.37, 95% confidence interval: 11.14-275.12), and despair (odds ratio: 36.91, 95% confidence interval: 11.15-122.12) was significantly higher in the spontaneous abortion group. Some factors, such as type of abortion (odds ratio: 48.30, 95% confidence interval: 11.10-210.16, P<0.001), and pregnancy status (odds ratio: 0.23, 95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.74, P=0.01), were significantly associated with post-abortion grief and sorrow (P<0.001). Conclusion: The level of grief, sorrow, difficulty with coping, and despair in women with a history of self-induced abortion is higher than in women with a history of spontaneous abortion. Given the undeniable impact on quality of life and decision-making to have children again, it is recommended that midwives and competent individuals carefully examine the level of grief in these women and provide appropriate counseling in this area to prevent the adverse consequences and outcomes of grief.
Background and Objective: The present research aimed at investigating the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on the parent-child relationship, the quality of life of the child, and emotional empathy among mothers of children suffering from cancer. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with a one-month follow-up, conducted with both an experimental and a control group. The sample consisted of 36 mothers of children with cancer who visited Omid Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, during the second 6 months of 2023. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to either an experimental group (receiving compassion-based therapy and acceptance and commitment-based treatment) or a control group. Mehrabian and Epstein's Emotional Empathy Questionnaire (1972), Pianta's Parent-Child Relationship Scale (1994), and Varney, Syed, and Curtin's Quality of Life Scale (2003) were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance method in SPSS software (version 23). Results: According to the results of this study, the mean scores for emotional empathy and the parent-child relationship in the intervention group showed a significant increase in both the immediate post-intervention phase and at the one-month follow-up, compared to the pre-intervention phase (P<0.01). In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed in the control group at the specified time points (P<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in the mean scores of children's quality of life between the experimental and control groups across the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that compassion-based therapy is an appropriate treatment for reducing problems experienced by mothers of children with cancer.
Background and Objective: Pregnancy, as one of the most stressful life events, leads to physical, psychological, and social changes. Anxiety and fear of childbirth are one of the psychological problems of the mother during pregnancy that threaten the health of pregnant women and their children. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of REPLAN training on the fear of childbirth and self-efficacy of pregnant women with anxiety about natural birth. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in health centers in Sari, Iran, from 2023 to 2024. In total, 30 pregnant women with anxiety about natural childbirth were selected according to the inclusion criteria using a purposive sampling method and then randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent a 90-minute session each week for eight weeks, based on the REPLAN group training model. The research tools included a demographic information questionnaire, the Vandenberg Pregnancy Anxiety Questionnaire, the Wijma Childbirth Fear Questionnaire, and the Louis Childbirth Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Data were collected before and after the intervention and analyzed using SPSS software (version 25). The significance level was less than 0.05. Results: Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the mean fear of childbirth and self-efficacy. After the intervention, the fear of childbirth decreased significantly in the intervention group, and self-efficacy increased significantly (P<0.001). In contrast, the control group showed no significant changes in fear of childbirth (P=0.089); however, self-efficacy exhibited a significant decrease (P<0.001). The comparison between the two groups also indicated a significant difference in the trend of changes (P<0.001). Based on the results of the analysis of covariance, the REPLAN educational model significantly reduced fear of childbirth (P<0.001) and increased self-efficacy of childbirth (P<0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that REPLAN training is effective in reducing fear of childbirth and increasing self-efficacy in pregnant women with anxiety about natural birth. Given the effectiveness of this method, its use is recommended as a model for applied psychological treatment within the primary healthcare system.
Background and Objective: Maternal depressive stress is associated with high prevalence, complications, and substantial costs for the mother, child, family, and society. Given the risk of postpartum stress and depression among primiparous women, it is essential to implement preventive and therapeutic measures for this group. The present study aimed to determine the effect of individual midwifery counseling using the Gamble approach on postpartum stress and depression in primiparous women. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2018 on 60 primiparous women referring to health centers in Mashhad, Iran. The intervention group received individual counseling based on the Gamble strategy during three prenatal sessions and one postpartum session, whereas the control group received routine prenatal care. Data were collected using demographic characteristics and DASS-21 stress and depression questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 16), and descriptive and analytical tests, and a significance level of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Before the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of the stress and depression scores of the participants in the two groups did not have a statistically significant difference, and the two groups were homogeneous. However, after the intervention, the mean values of the stress scores of the intervention and control groups were 0.8 ± 1.4 and 0.10 ± 3.5, respectively, which shows a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.003). After the intervention, the mean values of maternal depression in the intervention and control groups were 7.3 ± 0.6 and 8.2 ± 0.2, respectively. Nevertheless, the Mann-Whitney test did not show this difference to be significant (p = 0.331). Conclusion: Counseling based on Gamble’s approach reduces postpartum anxiety in primiparous women. This counseling can be used as a preventive and early intervention method for maternal mental health during pregnancy and postpartum.
Background and Objective: Given that ensuring the quality and safety of care provided to hospitalized children is a fundamental responsibility of all healthcare providers, implementing system-based nursing strategies to prevent missed care is strongly recommended. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the effect of education and the delivery of reminder messages on the incidence rate of missed nursing care in a pediatric ward. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in 2024 on 40 nurses selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention consisted of four workshop sessions followed daily for a month of reminder messages sent via the Eita messaging platform. A demographic questionnaire and the MISSCARE-Pediatric Survey were completed by participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 21), employing descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (paired samples t-test and independent samples t-test). Results: Based on the obtained findings, before conducting the intervention, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (P>0.05). However, after the intervention, the intervention group showed a significantly lower rate of missed care compared to the control group (P=0.016). Furthermore, an intra group comparison revealed a significant decrease in missed nursing care in the intervention group in the post-intervention phase (P=0.014). Conclusion: Educating nurses about missed care and sending regular reminder messages to reinforce nursing responsibilities effectively reduced the rate of missed nursing care in the pediatric ward. Therefore, the implementation of such strategies is recommended in pediatric healthcare settings.
Background and Objective: The prevalence of asthma in adults is about 9%, which is much higher in big cities. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of the educational program based on the Health Belief Model in disease control among women with asthma in Amir-Al-Momenin Teaching Hospital, Arak, Iran. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 72 female asthmatic patients, who were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (36 cases per group). The required data were collected using a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire that was completed by both groups before training. Subsequently, the experimental group received three 90-min training sessions conducted virtually on social networks for one month. After three months, data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software (version 27). Results: The mean±age of the case and control groups were 45.39±10.08 and 48.42±10.27, respectively. Three months after the educational intervention, a significant increase was observed in the level of awareness, susceptibility constructs, severity, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy behaviors, compared to the time before the intervention (P<0.001). Moreover, the mean performance score of intervention group increased significantly from 60.16±86.41 before the intervention to 66.16±28.11 after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: Through active follow-up and efforts to overcome perceived barriers by patients, their skills in asthma control behaviors (avoiding air pollution exposure, adhering to medication, and following dietary guidelines) can be enhanced, leading to a reduction in the incidence of complications.
Background and Objective: The shock of a premature birth can affect parents' ability to care for their newborns, interfering with mother-nurse communication and complicating the hospitalization and treatment process for these infants. This study sought to evaluate the effects of educational support interventions on the parental competence of mothers with premature infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Ganjavian Hospital, Dezful, Iran, in 2024. Materials and Methods: The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest format. The statistical population consisted of all mothers of premature infants hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of Ganjavian Hospital in Dezful County, Iran, in 2024, from which, 48 individuals were randomly selected as the sample. The research tool was the Gibaud and Elston (1989) Parenting Sense of Competence Scale. The experimental group received the supportive-educational intervention developed by Karami et al. (2009), delivered through video presentations and an educational booklet, while the control group received no intervention. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 27). Results: The average parental competence score in the test group was measured at 56.33 ± 5.73 prior to the intervention and increased to 73.67 ± 4.59 afterward. In contrast, the control group had an average score of 55.87 ± 5.35 before the intervention, which decreased to 53.08 ± 4.63 post-intervention. The findings indicate a significant difference in parental competence between the two groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Supportive educational interventions for parents of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit can enhance parental competence in caring for their infants.
Background and Objective: Given the growing population of older adults and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in this group, attention to self-care behaviors is essential for maintaining independence, improving quality of life, and enhancing life expectancy. Various dimensions of self-care play a significant role in managing chronic diseases and empowering older adults. This study aimed to assess the relationship between self-care and life expectancy among older adults with chronic diseases residing in the marginal areas of Hamadan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on older adults aged 60 years and above who visited health centers in the marginal areas of Hamadan. The participants were selected using cluster random sampling, and data were collected through standard self-care and Schneider’s life expectancy questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 24). Results: The results demonstrated that the mean scores of self-care and life expectancy were 37.99 and 75.41, respectively. Self-care was significantly associated with age, education, occupation, and income, but not with gender or marital status. Life expectancy was significantly associated with gender, occupation, income, and marital status. In addition, a positive and significant correlation was observed between self-care and life expectancy (r=0.285; P<0.001), with self-care explaining 11.6% of the variance in life expectancy. Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, in older adults with chronic conditions, self-care leads to a marked increase in life expectancy. These results can be utilized in designing future studies and programs to improve the quality of life in this age group.
Background and Objective: Diabetes care is a shared responsibility between the patient and their family members. The Neuman Systems Model offers a comprehensive approach aimed at promoting health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of family-centered care based on the Neuman Systems Model on the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 78 patients. In the intervention group, based on the Neuman assessment form, patients' needs were identified and nursing diagnoses were determined. The required education was delivered to the active family member through eight sessions. The quality of life questionnaire was completed by both groups before and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20) through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Before the intervention, the mean quality of life scores were 54.56±9.58 and 49.94±8.42 in the control and intervention groups, respectively. After the intervention, the scores were 51.43±10.66 and 60.15±6.76, respectively. Analysis of covariance showed a statistically significant improvement in the intervention group (P<0.001). Significant differences were observed between the two groups in the subdomains of disease complications and psychosocial impact (P<0.001). Conclusion: Given the effectiveness of family-centered care based on the Neuman Systems Model in improving the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes, it is recommended that structured educational programs based on this model be implemented for family members of diabetic patients. Empowering families in this way can ultimately enhance the patients' quality of life.
Background and Objective: Suffering from pelvic floor disorders is one of the problems that exposes women to more domestic violence and social stigma. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain the perception of violence in women suffering from pelvic floor disorders. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted on 24 women with pelvic floor disorders referring to the women's clinics of Imam Reza and Ghaem hospitals in Mashhad from 2019 to 2020. The participants were selected with maximum diversity via the purposive sampling method. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews until data saturation was achieved. The interviews were digitally recorded and then coded using MAXQDA 10 software. Thereafter, the data were analyzed and coded using Graneheim and Lundman's conventional content analysis. Results: A total of 166 primary codes, nine subcategories, and three main categories emerged. The main category of multidimensional experience of violence consisted of subcategories of sexual harassment, abusive language, emotional violence, and financial hardship. The main category of women's experiences after violence included subcategories of feeling unsafe in marital relationships, damaged self-esteem, destructive thoughts, and psychological distress. Violence coping strategies were categorized into active and passive strategies. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that violence adversely affects various psychological and emotional dimensions of women, leading to feelings of danger and diminished self-esteem. There is a clear need for effective strategies to address these issues, as well as comprehensive social support and intervention programs to empower women in this regard.
Background and Objective: Reflexology and auriculotherapy are among the safest non-drug methods to reduce pain. The present study aimed to compare the effect of auriculotherapy and reflexology on the severity of labor pain. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 96 pregnant women who referred to Bahar Hospital in Shahrood city (Iran) for delivery. The participants were randomly assigned to three reflexology, auriculotherapy and control groups (32 people in each group). In the intervention groups (reflexology and auriculotherapy) in 4, 6, and 8 cm dilatations, the desired interventions were performed each time for 20 min. Routine care was also performed in the control group. Pain was measured and compared using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) once before the intervention and three more times after each intervention. Results: Before the intervention, the average pain intensity in the three groups did not have a statistically significant difference (P=0.77), while after the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in each of the 4, 6, and 8 cm dilatations between the control group was observed with both other treatment groups (P<0.001), but there was no significant difference between the reflexology and auriculotherapy groups in all stages after the intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study show the remarkable and almost equal effectiveness of reflexology and auriculotherapy in different dilatations, which led to the reduction of labor pain.
Background and Objective: Infertility is a major global health issue that affects all aspects of well-being, especially in infertile women; nonetheless, their spiritual and sexual health have received less attention. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between spiritual health and quality of sexual life in infertile women. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 265 infertile women selected using the available sampling method from those referring to the infertility clinic of Shariati Hospital in Tehran in 2024. Demographic characteristic form, clinical records, Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), and Sexual Quality of Life/ Female (SQOL-F) Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26) using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. The significance level was considered to be less than 0.05. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 34.61±13.6 years, and most had a diploma (37%). The mean scores of spiritual well-being and sexual life quality were 95.78±15.13 and 90.64±16.56, respectively. The quality of sexual life demonstrated a positive significant correlation with spiritual well-being (r=0.475; P<0.001), existential well-being (r=0.508; P<0.001), and religious well-being (r=0.317; P<0.001). Conclusion: The findings pointed to a significant association between spiritual health and quality of sexual life among infertile women. Therefore, improving spiritual health can be considered one of the appropriate methods to improve the quality of their sexual life.
