The article analyzes material on the events of the Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905, given on the pages of the newspaper “Terjiman”, published by I. Gasprinsky in Bakhchisarai. The study covers articles and notes that touch on the reaction of the Turkic-Muslim population of the Russian Empire to the unfolding military events. In addition, the paper examines the role of I. Gasprinsky and his newspaper in shaping public opinion among Muslims. In publications about the participation of Muslim soldiers in the battles on the Far East, the newspaper Terjiman emphasized that their participation was motivated by a sense of military duty and dedication to the interests of the state. It also showed the heroic resilience of Muslim soldiers, who, along with representatives of other faiths, showed courage in battles against the Japanese.
This article presents eight archival documents by Dariusz Kolodziejczyk from the Crimean Khanate period, revealing the history of diplomatic relations and correspondence between the Polish-Lithuanian Kingdom and the Crimean Khanate in the 14th-17th centuries. Document no. 1 examines a letter sent by Khadzhi Geray Khan to Grand Duke Casimir, document no. 2 examines a shartname addressed by Nur Devlet Khan to King Casimir, document no. 3 examines a confirmation of peace sent by King Casimir to Mengli Geray Khan, document no. 4, is a yarlik , sent by Mengli Giray Khan to Grand Duke Casimir, document no. 5, an oath by Haji Baba, a Crimean envoy sent to King Casimir, document no. 6, a shartname from Mengli Giray Khan to King Casimir, no. 7, the oath of Tevkel Ulan, Crimean envoy to King Sigismund, in document no. 8, donation yarliq (gift yarlik), sent by Mengli Giray Khan to King Sigismund. Archival documents are a valuable source of information about the political, economic, and cultural ties and relations between the two states during the Middle Ages. Letters, treaties, oaths, and diplomatic acts reflect issues of foreign policy, trade, military cooperation, and conflict resolution. The documents are of great importance and interest to historians researching relations between the Crimean Khanate and the Polish-Lithuanian Kingdom (the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth), as well as to specialists in the medieval history of Eastern Europe.
In 2013, in Istanbul (Turkey), with the assistance of the General Directorate of State Archives of the Republic of Turkey’s Prime Ministry, the book “Osmanlı belgelerinde Kırım hanlığı” (“The Crimean Khanate in the Records of Ottoman Documents”) was published. The coordinator of the publishing project is the General Director of the State Archives, Professor Ughur Unal. The book is a collection of Ottoman documents, the content of which covers the Ottoman-Crimean relations. The number of documents is 112 units. Types of records include: imperial decrees (fermans) and imperial letters (name-i humayuns) prepared by the Imperial Council (Diwan-y Humayun) and its offices on behalf of the sultan; decrees (berats) of khans and kalgays; imperial orders (hatt-y humayun), containing the opinions and approvals of the sultans in connection with the proposals and decisions of the grand viziers; expenditure documents of the Ottoman finances for the Crimean khans, sultans and ambassadors; “news papers” (“khavadis kyagytlary”), allowing you to find out information from the Crimea. Correspondence topics: military cooperation in the capture of fugitive criminals and rebels; regulation of maritime trade; strengthening places that have suffered from food shortages; construction and repair of fortresses and other fortifications to ensure coastal security. Imperial letters (name-i humayun) are of great importance as signs of mutual intentions. They give privileges to the Crimean Khanate from the Ottoman state. The main themes of the imperial letters (name-i humayun): celebrations on the occasion of the accession to the throne of a new sultan or the birth of a sultan (shahzade) in the Crimea; mutual congratulations on the day of victory in the war; an expression of the shakh’s praise of the sultans after sending the text of the berat to the khanate and kalgay. The documents contain information about the requirements of the Crimean Khanate, which were submitted for approval by Istanbul: an increase in income for the performance of certain tasks, the appointment of chief military judges (kazasker), spiritual leaders (imams), preachers (khatips), and the provision of salaries to them. According to the documents, appointments to some positions of beyler beys and command over fortresses, which were of strategic importance for the region, were carried out by Istanbul in accordance with the advice of the khans. This article presents a translation into Russian of two documents entitled: “Arrival of Shahin Geray and Mehmed Geray who were dismissed from the khanate and the post of Qalga to Istanbul”, “Keeping the land forces by the beg of Ozi Ibrahim Pasha on Ozi despite the fact that the rebellious Crimean Khan Mehmed Geray and the rebellious Qalga Shahin Geray had been made ineffective”.
The purpose of this study is to introduce into scholarly circulation a portion of the hoard found in 2013 in Crimea. Its full composition included approximately 480 silver dirhams. The authors had access for study to 210 coin images (~45%). This representative sample included dirhams of Tuda-Mengu – 1 specimen, Tula-Buga – 16 specimens, Tula-Buga and Nogai – 1 specimen, and Khan Tokta – 192 specimens. The time of the hoard's concealment has been established – terminus post quem (tpq) = 690/1291 CE, the weight characteristics of Tokta's coins – mode (1.65–1.66) ± 0.035 g, as well as die links have been reconstructed, and certain important markers on the coin sides have been recorded. This has made it possible to assert that the dirhams of the studied portion of the hoard with a misspelled date and with marks under the tamgha instead of the date were minted in the year 690 AH. Furthermore, the dynamics of the reduction of obverse inscriptions are shown, including the gradual distortion of the khan's name on Crimean coins of the first year of Tokta's reign.
The article examines the actions of the armed forces of the Crimean Khanate on the eve and during the Battle of Vienna on September 12, 1683. Attention is drawn to the popular (and at the same time erroneous) story in the historiography, that Murad Giray deliberately did not hinder the crossing of the Christian armies across the Danube and their march through the Vienna woods. Based on the analysis of sources, the role of the Crimean Tatars in the Battle of Vienna, the consequences of their retreat for the Ottoman army are highlighted, and an answer is given to the question of whether agreement between the Crimean Khan and the Polish king actually took place.
