This research delves into the potential of engaging academia for introducing the concept of bamboo construction and use of indigenous building materials through sustainable pavilion design studio exercises at under-grad level students of Architecture under the title of "Learning by Making: Bamboo Pavilion Design as a Pedagogy for Sustainable architectural Education." It primarily encourages to introduce the use of bamboo, hailed as green steel of the 21st century, for its rapid growth, structural stability, and wide availability within the construction industry at the early stage of architectural education. The study aims to inculcate in students the value of ecological design, indigenous materials and sustainable design practice within urban landscapes. The research methodology involves design-studio exercises engaging students for pavilion designs along with physical execution while exploring bamboo as indigenous material, employing traditional techniques of joinery and lashing. Two architectural schools in Pakistan, located in Abbottabad and Karachi, served as practical sites for implementation of pavilion designs with bamboo. Undergraduate students in their second year of architecture were tasked with designing pavilions spanning 100-200 sq.[L6.1] Ft area, emphasizing contextual sensitivity, innovation, and functionality. Different site selections such as under tree shadows, in parking lot and within a courtyard, emerged as stimulating aspects, inspiring creative conceptualization and execution. Each student's design and model underwent individual assessment whereas selected models were executed at full-scale within campuses. The conclusion underscores the critical importance of hands on practice, learning by making and do it yourself approach and the integration of ecological considerations into architectural endeavors at early stage of architectural education. This research significantly contributes to fostering community engagement and accessibility within architectural design, particularly in South Asian countries. Furthermore, the design execution serves as a blueprint for the revival of indigenous materials and techniques, providing a pathway towards low-carbon emission[L7.1] shelters and setting a benchmark for future sustainable architectural practices.
Climate change is placing increasing strain on smallholder agricultural systems, as described in recent literature, particularly in semi-arid areas with land degradation, soil decline, and climate variability. In these settings, land serves as a critical juncture linking environmental processes, agricultural production, and human decision-making. Although scientific land-use and soil-management approaches rely on measurable, scalable solutions, they often lack consideration of local variations and socio-economic factors. Whereas indigenous knowledge based on land knowledge offers contextual and experiential perspectives yet is rarely incorporated into formal adaptation models. This research uses a conceptual integrative approach by integrating and meshing indigenous knowledge with science for soil and land management for climate adaptation. By studying knowledge systems across various agroecological systems, the study explores areas of overlap and difference between these approaches. These findings highlight the complementary importance of indigenous and scientific perspectives in explaining soil processes. Indicators discovered within indigenous practices, including soil color, plant composition, and biotic activity, map onto scientific indicators such as soil organic carbon, nutrient status, and physical properties. However, the convergence of these knowledge systems is hampered by bureaucratic, policy, and implementation barriers. To overcome such barriers, this study presents the co-created land-based adaptation framework under three domains: indicator integration, practice integration, and scale integration. This framework provides an interpretable, realistic process for integrating traditional and modern indigenous forms of knowledge to improve land and soil management practices in times of climate change. The framework's focus on linking local relevance with scientific rigor aims to develop climate-resilient, context-sensitive, and inclusive agricultural systems.
The crucial role of finance in addressing environmental challenges has become increasingly important. The COVID-19 outbreak has further magnified the significance of green finance (GF) in promoting sustainable development, improving quality of life and environmental protection. In the present study, we analyze the role of financial development (FD) and GF in CO2 emissions (CEM) in Brazil, China, India and South Africa (BICS) economies during 2000–2022 using the Driscoll- Kraay Standard Error estimation approach. Our findings demonstrate that GF plays a significant role in mitigating CEM but FD enhances it. Moreover the results of Dumetriscu and Hurlin Panel Causality test show that both GF and FD do not cause CEM in BICS countries. Based on the findings of the study, governments of BICS economies are recommended to implement fiscal policy tools and green financing measures to encourage green investment, which can create new opportunities for sustained growth and help to mitigate the dangers of climate change, particularly during a post-pandemic economic recovery. The study contributes to the energy-environment literature by explaining how green financial flows can support low-carbon development in high-emitting emerging economies.
This study explores the improvement in physiochemical attributes, thermal behavior, and combustion characteristics of low-rank Thar coal through torrefaction, a thermal pretreatment process. Thar coal samples were torrefied at five temperatures (200, 225, 250, 275, and 300°C) for two residence times (30 and 60 minutes). The study assessed changes in proximate and ultimate composition, calorific value, energy density and combustion traits of untreated and torrefied coal using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results indicated slight improvement at low torrefaction temperatures (200-225°C), while higher temperatures (275-300°C) significantly enhanced fuel properties. Key findings include increased fixed carbon, reduced moisture and volatile matter, and higher heating value (HHV). The TGA graph demonstrated that torrefied coal has improved fuel properties compared to raw coal samples. The derivative thermogravimetric curve (DTG) shifted upward, signifying a change in peak (Tm) and decomposition temperatures along with an increased torrefaction temperature. The samples torrefied at 300°C for 60 minutes yielded best results, showing improved ignition (Ti) and burnout temperatures (Tb) and reduced emissions. This research focuses on torrefaction as a potential technique for improving the quality of low-grade coals of Pakistan hence opening up opportunities for controlled energy production.
This study examines how extended version of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) affects households Willingness to pay (WTP) for getting access to clean drinking water. In order to validate how extended version of TPB and WTP are related, it also considers people's Environmental concerns (EC) as antecedent variables to core TPB factors. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is employed to validate the hypotheses of the research after recruiting 401 participants. The result of current study showed that TPB factors play a significant role in effecting households’ intention to pay (IP), which subsequently influences their WTP. Additionally, the households’ environmental concerns, as antecedent variable play a significant effect on core TPB factors i.e. attitude (ATT), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavior control (PBC). In turn, these core factors of TPB shape households' intention to pay, which subsequently influences their WTP for getting access to clean drinking water. It gives stakeholders a chance to observe how extended version of TPB and WTP interact with one another. To increase WTP for getting access to clean drinking water, raise awareness about environmental risks. Promoting the concern for environmental can improve attitudinal and behavioural aspect of an individual. These changes then result in enhancing intention to pay (IP). Aligning messages with people's environmental values helps build support for sustainable water access. The recent study also contributes to the literature in behavioural and attitudinal contexts by examining extended TPB constructs, and community responsibility in relation to getting access to clean drinking water services.
This review highlights the impact of anaerobic co-digestion (ACD) on improving energy recovery from biogas production systems. Various factors from selected papers were reviewed to figure out their influence on ACD performance. Such factors include Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratio, biodegradability of feedstock, microbial diversity, activity, buffering capacity, and trace element concentrations. Findings show ACD significantly enhances process stability and increases methane yield by 20% to 65% compared to mono-digestion. The process shares more insights on mechanisms for addressing environmental pollution challenges as it offers alternative approaches for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Despite promising achievements in ACD systems, several limitations of the process still exist, requiring the attention of future studies to explore the full potential of technology. Specific areas include optimizing the mixing ratio of substrates to prevent acidification and ammonia toxicity risks that may occur during the process, hence affecting the system efficiency. Research should focus on process design and proper feedstock selection, considering innovative approaches such as bioaugmentation, supplementation with carbon compounds and nanoparticles, to improve microbial activity, process efficiency, and stability. Also, there is a need to develop predictive models that will accurately incorporate C/N ratio effects on digestion kinetics and nutrient transformation. Current models are complex, which hinders their scalability; thus, the use of machine learning could enhance model accuracy.
The South Asian economies face a two-fold challenge of achieving economic growth and reducing carbon emissions. In this regard, nuclear power has become a potential source of low-carbon energy, but its environmental impact remains controversial. The paper examines the asymmetric effects of nuclear energy, economic growth, and industrial value added on carbon emissions in the nuclear-active South Asian countries using annual data from 1990 to 2024. The panel nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model is applied to the analysis to capture long-run and short-run asymmetric relationships. Additional diagnostic tests are used to verify that the results are not misleading, including stationarity, causality, and cointegration tests, including panel ARDL estimation, bounds testing, PMG cointegration testing, CUSUM stability tests, and others. The results confirm a long-run stable relationship between the carbon emissions, nuclear energy, economic growth, and industrial value added. The carbon emissions during the positive and negative shocks are seen to increase faster as the economy grows, indicating that the economy is still clinging to fossil-fuel-powered growth. In contrast, the industrial value added reduces the emissions in the long run, which presupposes the role of cleaner production and technological progress. The findings also reveal that nuclear energy has large asymmetric effects: an increase in nuclear energy leads to a decrease in emissions, whereas a shock in nuclear energy leads to an increase in emissions. Overall, the study concludes that nuclear energy can become a potentially efficient source of long-term decarbonization in South Asia if it is accompanied by modernizing the industry and by adherence to policy. The study recommends greater investment in nuclear energy, transitioning industrial processes to low-carbon, and regional energy cooperation to encourage cleaner development in the region.
This study presents the first comprehensive carbon assessment in the Gorou Banda thermal power plant in Niger. The study applies the ADEME carbon accounting method to scopes 1, 2, and 3 as defined by the reference standard for emissions, ISO 14064. The results show an average emission factor of 0.75 kgCO2/kWh due to the combustion of diesel and heavy fuel oil at around 80%. The proposed mitigation scenario, which includes the installation of 30 MW of solar PV, a battery storage system, turbine modernization, regular preventive maintenance, and intelligent load management, would enable a reduction in emissions of 17% and 45%, respectively, in the first and second years of its implementation, compared to the reference scenario, where emissions would continue to grow at an average rate of 7% each year. The results obtained made it possible to develop practical guides for emission reduction and to define a trajectory enabling the power plant to achieve low-carbon goals. The conclusions highlight the need for social, institutional, and financial support in order to accelerate the transition to a lower-carbon electricity mix in Niger and other developing African countries.
The main aim of this paper is to design dual-axis auto tracking system for the utilization of solar energy to maximize power efficiency and optimizing solar radiation capture. By constantly adjusting the direction of solar panels, the system significantly improves energy harvesting and boosts overall efficiency, marking a significant advancement in renewable energy technology. The evolution of dual-axis tracking systems describes a transformative approach to solar energy optimization by dynamically aligning photovoltaic panels with the sun’s movement. The main aim of this paper is also to maximize energy capture and improving efficiency by design, implementation and performance evaluation of a dual-axis solar tracking system. The system tracks the sun's azimuthal and altitudinal shifts throughout the day using precision sensors and adaptive control algorithms to guarantee ideal panel alignment. A sturdy mechanical framework, efficient actuation mechanisms, and real-time monitoring interfaces form the foundation of the system, enabling reliable operation under varying environmental conditions. Experimental results indicated an increase in solar energy collection, with efficiency gains of up to 30% compared to fixed solar panel setups. These results findings emphasize the massive potential of dual-axis tracking systems in advancing renewable energy solutions, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable solar energy utilization.
In this experimental study, three fuel samples—PD100, D95Bu5 (95%vol. diesel Bu5%vol. N-butanol), and D95Pn5 (96%vol. diesel, 4%vol. N-pentanol)—were tested for endurance in a single-cylinder CI engine as part of this inquiry. The study's findings demonstrated that small deposits on the engine head were visible upon visual inspection of all gasoline samples tested. Compared to the engine running with DF, the D95Bu5 engine exhibited more carbon deposits on and around the engine head surface, according to SEM examinations. However, the binary mix D95Pn5 showed less carbon accumulation. At the moment, fuel blends were made from residual diesel, n-butanol and n-pentanol. When compared to DF, the deposit concentration was reduced by emulsion fuel in the binary blend, even when n-pentanol was added as blend D95Pn5 for aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), and cadmium (Cd). Concentrations were further reduced.
In recent years, food demand has risen due to rapid population surge. Meeting this food demand means more land is supposed to be cultivated. Yet, there are many areas in Sindh, Pakistan, particularly “Thar,” where crop yield is inadequate due to the sandy soil’s poor water holding capacity (WHC), water retention, and higher hydraulic conductivity. Thus, this study evaluates the effect of biochar-clay mixture on sandy soil to improve its hydraulic and chemical properties. This study provides positive results of applying clay at three different rates (5, 10, and 20%) in sandy soil. When clay was mixed at these rates with 5% biochar, it not only improved the hydraulic properties of soil but also its chemical properties including soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic matter (SOM). The experimental findings improved the sandy soil’s WHC and reduced its hydraulic conductivity. This clay and biochar mixture enhanced SOC, SOM, and Electrical Conductivity (EC) and decreased the pH in sandy soil. Thus, adding biochar and clay mixture proved to be a better soil amendment than only clay. Further investigation requires modification in biochar particle size before mixing it with the sandy soil.
This study employed a qualitative research approach to explore the perceptions and adaptation strategies of small-scale farmers in Mangolong Village, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions and analysed using thematic analysis to identify key patterns and insights. The results revealed that social, economic and cultural factors influence adaptation to climate variability. Women emerged as key contributors in agricultural production, but they continue to face challenges such as limited access to land and lack of financial resources emphasizing the need for gender-sensitive adaptation strategies. The dominance of older farmers in agricultural practices highlighted a stronger reliance on traditional agricultural practices which are grounded in valuable indigenous knowledge. However, this may hinder the uptake of modern climate-resilient techniques. Education can also be very crucial along with indigenous knowledge exchange and social networks. The size of households also determined the adaptive capacity, especially in relation to available labour, and the economic constraints limited investing in new technologies. The farmers showed a strong attachment to their land and cultural earnings that influenced their perceptions about and reactions to the problem of climate change. The most cited adaptation interventions were cropping diversification, intercropping and adjustments to seasonal calendars. These results showed that adaptation lies in the context of complicated socio-cultural, economic, and environmental conditions. In this regard, successful adaptation should be a holistic process where integration of both indigenous knowledge systems with scientific innovation is a must. Women and other vulnerable groups need to be supported with capital so that they can acquire farming inputs and also give them the mandatory knowledge that integrates modern farming and traditional farming system.
The Indus River is highly sensitive to climate variability because most of its flow depends on Himalayan snow and glacier melt as well as monsoon rains. Climate change induces shifts in precipitation patterns, accelerating glacier retreat, and increasing the frequency of floods and droughts in the basin. The objective of this study was to analyze the quality of the Indus water and to assess the effects of climate on it, i.e. how changes in climate affect the hydrological cycle, glacier dynamics and water quality in the Indus basin. Using field data from the Kunar and Kabul rivers (tributaries of the Indus) and a review of climate impacts, significant regional differences in water quality parameters were noted and climate-induced hazards (e.g. floods, droughts, salinity intrusion, ecosystem stress) outlined. The implications of these changes for water security, agriculture and Indo-Pak water governance were studied. It was noted that the Indus Waters Treaty currently lacks provisions for climate-induced variability. Climate change is altering the Indus hydrological regime and water quality, posing challenges to sustainable water management and regional stability.
This study presents a detailed techno-economic and thermal performance evaluation of a solar-assisted absorption cooling system optimized for the climatic conditions of Peshawar, Pakistan. Through dynamic simulations conducted over the summer season (May to September), the performance of key subsystems, including the solar collector array, auxiliary heater, thermal storage, and absorption chiller, was analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate that the system successfully maintains the chilled water outlet temperature at 7°C, with consistent cooling water and hot water temperatures of 28°C and 95°C, respectively. The system exhibits steady-state flow rates of 650 kg/hr (cooling), confirming effective hydraulic control. Under variable load conditions, the auxiliary heater responded through frequent pulsed flow patterns, achieving peak flow rates up to 49,000 kg/hr without compromising outlet temperature. Parametric analysis revealed that the optimal tilt angle for solar collectors is approximately 15°, maximizing solar fraction (SF) for both flat plate collectors (FPC) and evacuated tube collectors (ETC). For ETCs, primary energy savings (PES) (fsav,shc) of 0.49 were achieved using 560 m² of collector area and 14.9 m³ of thermal storage. The ideal storage volume was found to be 25 L/m², beyond which auxiliary energy consumption increased. Seasonal simulations revealed strong diurnal variations in cooling demand, peaking around 1.6 MW, while heating loads remained negligible, reinforcing the cooling-dominated nature of the operational period. The system's average seasonal solar collector efficiency was calculated at 0.188 for FPCs and 0.52 for ETCs, underscoring the superior thermal performance of ETCs at higher driving temperatures (111°C). A minimum of 400 m² collector area was required to achieve 50% primary energy savings. These findings validate the hybrid solar-auxiliary configuration’s suitability for high-demand cooling applications in arid climates and offer design insights for optimizing collector area, storage volume, and control strategies. The results not only optimize system design for local climatic conditions but also underscore the broader potential of solar cooling technologies to mitigate urban heat, lower electricity demand, and enhance energy resilience in developing regions. These perceptions provide valuable guidance for renewable infrastructure planning and policy constitution across the same climatic regions.
This study assesses the viability of establishing offshore wave energy plants around the Leeward Islands of Cabo Verde, aiming to diversify the country's energy mix and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The research focuses on resizing three well-known wave energy converters (AquaBuoy, Wave Dragon, and Pelamis) to determine the scale factor (?) that maximizes their Capacity Factor (CF) in the region. Key performance indicators, including CF, Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Cost-Benefit ratio (C/B), Total Investment Costs (TC), and Maritime Space Utilization Efficiency (?ut), were analyzed alongside environmental considerations to identify the most suitable technology for wave power plants. The Monte Carlo method was applied to account for uncertainties in technology costs and their effect on LCOE values. The results revealed that the optimal scale factors were ? = 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5, corresponding to the highest CF values for Wave Dragon (71.5%), AquaBuoy (56.8%), and Pelamis (25.6%), respectively. At full scale (? = 1), AquaBuoy emerged as the most suitable device, offering a CF of 18.8%, an LCOE of 210 $/MWh, and maritime space utilization efficiency (?ut) ranging from 3176.4 MWh/ha to 3563.7 MWh/ha, while occupying less offshore space. However, AquaBuoy also demonstrated the most significant environmental impact, particularly on marine species in the water column. Overall, the Wave Dragon outperformed Pelamis in all evaluation parameters. The study also highlighted that a reduction in interest rates from 12% to 8% would result in a 20% decrease in LCOE values, potentially offering a strong incentive for the government to attract investors in wave energy projects. Considering the uncertainties in technology costs, the most likely LCOE for AquaBuoy, Wave Dragon, and Pelamis were 193 $/MWh, 597 $/MWh, and 600 $/MWh, respectively. Notably, AquaBuoy's LCOE (210 $/MWh) is substantially lower than the current electricity cost in Cabo Verde (330 $/MWh), underscoring its potential as a viable energy source for the country.
In recent years, flash floods in Ghotki and Kashmore districts in Pakistan have seriously affected both people and their ways of earning a living. Addressing challenges related to flooding means utilizing a methodology that considers both the hydrology, of water, the environment, the soil, the economy and social impacts. Flood susceptibility mapping helps inform how to control and plan floods. A bivariate probability analysis employing the frequency ratio (FR) methodology was conducted during this investigation to develop flood vulnerability assessments for Ghotki and Kashmore. A map was produced using the 130 past flood locations in the two districts. To establish the models, the data from these localities were randomly divided into 70% for model development and 30% for assessment. Among the parameters incorporated in the analysis were aspect, slope, elevation, rainfall, type of soil, use of land, proximity to roadways and rivers and NDVI and NDSI figures. How each factor affects flooding was assessed by checking its relationship with previous floods. From the analysis, scientists found that approximately 18% of the study area was classified as extremely flood susceptible, 30.9% as highly flood susceptible, 20.7% as moderately flood susceptible, 20.6% as minimal flood susceptibility and 9.8% as negligible flood susceptibility. Using the metrics from the validation set, the Foul Reader showed an accurate prediction rate of 75%. Moreover, the resulting susceptibility maps were compared to the real floods of 2010 and 2022, showing that the model reliably predicts flood-prone areas. As a result, the FR model is demonstrated to support the activities of governmental organizations, administrators and policy-makers in preventing and managing floods in the region.
Environmental degradation from growing carbon dioxide (CO?) emissions now stands as a significant worldwide issue that impacts regions undergoing quick economic expansion. The BRICS nations, which include Brazil as well as Russia, India, China and South Africa, create 45% of global CO? emissions while generating 18% of world GDP, positioning them as key participants in climate discussions at the international level. A statistical analysis evaluates the permanent and temporary relationships between technological innovation and urbanization and economic growth on CO? emission levels among BRICS nations using World Development Indicators (WDI) annual data from 1990 to 2023. Results from PMG-ARDL modelling demonstrate that both technological innovation and consumption of renewable sources actively diminish CO? emission patterns during extended periods, although economic growth helps reduce emissions when certain limitations arise. The relationship between urbanization and the environment becomes difficult to predict since it worsens emissions and demonstrates the intricate relationship between progress and sustainability. According to these results, future sustainability demands immediate implementation of advanced sustainable technologies and proper urban expansion management strategies.
Agriculture, a cornerstone of economic prosperity, is both a contributor to and a recipient of climate change. This study investigates the factors driving the agricultural footprint, considering land use, water use, pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, renewable energy consumption, urbanization growth rate, and ecological footprint components (fishing grounds, grazing land). Using principal component analysis, the study calculated an agricultural footprint index, weighting these factors. The study further estimated the impact of renewable energy consumption, urbanization growth rate, and ecological footprint components on the agricultural footprint. The stability of the model was assessed using CUSUM and CUSUM of squares calculations. The findings reveal that while renewable energy consumption and urbanization growth rate exert pressure on the agricultural footprint, ecological footprint components like fishing grounds, grazing land, and cropland contribute positively. To enhance the agricultural footprint and mitigate its environmental impact, the study proposed a multi-pronged approach: financial incentives, educational programs, consumer awareness campaigns, and the development of regulations and standards for sustainable agricultural practices. By implementing these strategies, society can promote a more sustainable and resilient agricultural sector that contributes to both economic prosperity and environmental protection.
As groundwater plays a critical role in industry, residential as well as agricultural activities, its proper management is an important issue at the global level. In this paper, the Remote Sensing (RS), and Geographic Information System (GIS) technology are applied to forecasting the potential of ground water in Multan district of Pakistan. The level of water available in aquifers in various hydrological reasons is known as ground-water potential. To analyze the research area, there are eight significant factors that were considered and the research area is 3,721 square kilometers in size and is located in southern Punjab. They were drainage density, rainfall, soil texture, topographic wetness index (TWI), slope, aspect, elevation, and land cover and land use (LULC). The relative relevance of these aspects is determined by carrying out weighted overlay analysis with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. In the findings it is noted that there are four levels to the potentiality of ground water in the area of research; Low, moderate, high, and extremely high. The outcomes indicate that heavy vegetated areas experience low steepness of run off and high infiltration rates, which enhances recharging of groundwater. Rainfall and physiographic qualities mainly characterized by altitude and slope were identified as the most critical variables. Along with the provision of insightful information to be used in future planning and sustainable water resources management in the Multan District, this research provides evidence on the usefulness of GIS and RS technologies in evaluation of groundwater.
Improving renewable energy deployment, cutting carbon emissions, and ensuring sustainable development are now interdependent policy goals in energy and environmental policy. This study aims to present a bibliometric mapping of the research on the intersection of renewable energy, carbon emissions and sustainable development through the literature found in Scopus database. Analysis is drawn from 1481 journal articles and reviews that were published from 2004 to 2024. Keyword co-occurrence, country co-authorship, bibliographic coupling of documents and sources, co-citation of cited references, bibliographic influence and author-level collaboration were analyzed by VOSviewer. From the keyword co-occurrence results three thematic clusters are identified: economic growth, environmental quality, sustainability policy; renewable energy systems and energy-transition technologies; carbon emissions, greenhouse gases, climate mitigation. The country co-authorship results have been very high in the area of research activity and collaboration in Pakistan, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Iran, Spain, Lebanon. Source-level bibliographic coupling shows that five journals namely Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Renewable Energy, Resources Policy, Journal of Environmental Management, and Journal of Cleaner Production are central journals in this field. The results from co-citation analysis reveal that the literature has a solid foundation of knowledge rooted in empirical energy-environment-growth studies and panel econometric methods. Overall, the study shows that the focus from the technology-related renewable energy and emission studies has moved toward more holistic approaches in the field of carbon systems, environmental sustainability, green finance and sustainable economic transition. The results deliver a systematic knowledge map for the scholars, policy makers and readers of journals interested in research related to energy, environment and sustainability.
