Introduction. In 2015, the global prevalence of hypertension in the world was estimated at 1.13 billion. The European Association for the Treatment of Hypertension (ESH) updated its recommendations in 2018 and officially added to the already existing risk factors of hypertension hyperuricemia. In patients with comorbidity of hyperuricemia and hypertension, endothelial dysfunction is observed. The aim of the study is to establish correlation between uric acid level and pulse wave velocity, Tei index, endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery and evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation on endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypertension. Materials and methods. The study included 102 patients with hypertension: 48 without hyperuricemia (group 1) and 54 with comorbidity of hypertension and hyperuricemia (group 2). Groups 1A and 2A received antihypertensive therapy. Groups 1B and 2B — antihypertensive therapy with a course of intravenous laser therapy with a wavelength of 635 nm, course 10 procedures. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery was determined by a breakdown with reactive hyperemia. Tei index was calculated during echocardiography. The pulse wave velocity was measured with a SonoScape S6 Pro. Results. Antihypertensive therapy in group 1A reduced the rate of the pulse wave by 7.8 %. Antihypertensive therapy and intravenous laser therapy in Group 1 reduced uric acid by 5.7 %, pulse rate by 12.2 %, Tei index by 9.5 %, increased endothelium dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery by 19.1 % (p < 0,05). Antihypertensive therapy in Group 2A reduced uric acid by 4.7 %, pulse rate by 8.5 % and increased endothelium-dependent brachial artery vasodilation by 31.7 %. Combined use of antihypertensive therapy and intravenous laser therapy in group 2B reduced uric acid by 19.2 %, pulse wave speed by 21.9 %, Tei index by 29.0 %, increased endothelium- dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery by 97.7 % < 0.05). A correlation was established between uric acid level and endothelium dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery r = - 0.62 (p < 0.001) and between uric acid level and pulse wave velocity r = + 0.68, uric acid level and systolic blood pressure (day ) r = + 0.48 (p < 0.001), uric acid level and Tei index r = + 0.47 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Given the established negative correlation between the mean strength between uric acid level and endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery, it is appropriate to use in clinical practice a combination of antihypertensive therapy with intravenous laser therapy, which significantly reduces the level of uterine fibrillation hypertension and in patients with comorbidity of hypertension and hyperuricemia. Key words: hypertension, hyperuricemia, endothelial dysfunction, photobiomodulation, intravenous laser therapy.
Introduction. The problem of destructive complications from the side of the intestinal wall with a violation of its integrity is still far from being resolved. With the destruction of the intestine, complicated by peritonitis, the possibility of simultaneous restoration of the continuity of the intestinal tube is questioned due to the threat of the development of failure of the sutures. Suture failure is caused by a purulent-inflammatory process and the disturbances of intramural blood flow and microcirculation that accompany it or precede it (with strangulation). The aim of the work is to develop methods for preventing the development of insolvency of sutures of the intestinal anastomoses. Materials and methods. The paper presents a methodology developed by the authors for treating patients who underwent resection of segments of the small intestine using local phototherapy. The study is based on comparing the treatment results of 15 patients, of which 8 made up the comparison group (group 1) and 7 patients (group 2) of the main group. Phototherapy was carried out through an additionally installed drainage with a quartz-polymer light guide with a diameter of 400 μm, with a radiation wavelength of 660 nm, and a radiation power of 50 mW. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental indicators (electrogastroenterography), as well as the number of postoperative complications, were evaluated. Results. In patients of group 2, at an earlier date, the general condition and clinical and biochemical parameters returned to normal; on the 2nd–3rd day of the postoperative period, restoration of peristalsis was noted, on the 4th–5th day, the passage along the gastrointestinal tract was restored. In one group, in one observation, an intestinal anastomosis was insolvent, which required relaparotomy, in two cases the postoperative period was complicated by the development of suppuration of postoperative wounds, and in group 2 there were no purulent-inflammatory complications. Findings. The use of phototherapy of intestinal anastomoses indicates its effectiveness, which, in our opinion, can be explained by such effects of light exposure as bacteriostatic, immunomodulating, as well as improved microcirculation. This technique is simple, minimally invasive and has a significant economic effect.
Introduction. Оpen wounds and ulcers treatment involves the use of bandage material, antibiotics and antiseptic to prevent the development of a pathogenic microflora and to provide the necessary conditions for tissue regeneration. An emergence of multi-resistant strains of microorganisms reduces the effectiveness of such technology and requires the new treatment approaches. One of the promising areas is a photodynamic therapy with the use of external photosensitizers. The aim of the investigation is to determine the effectiveness of the synergistic action of red light (660 nm) and different concentrations of methylene blue on the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth. Materials and methods. We used the hydrogels based on the copolymers dextran-polyacrylamide with the different concentration of crosslinking agent 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.6 % (w/w) for investigation a rate of diffusion methylene blue into and out from hydrogel. Microbiological research was performed on wild strains of S. aureus isolated on a Yolk-salt agar. The evaluation of a bactericidal action of methylene blue was carried out on a Müller-Hinton No. 2 agar similarly to the disc-diffusion method for assessing the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. For irradiation by different wavelengths was used «LIKA-Led» (Photonics Plus) LEDs 390 nm, 460 nm and 660 nm. The radiation power for each wavelength was 100 mW, duration — 20 min, 30 min, 40 min. According to the duration, the irradiation doses were 21 J/cm2, 31.5 J/cm2, 42.1 J/cm2. Mathematical and statistical data processing was performed in the OriginLab 8.0 software package. Results. Increasing the amount of crosslinking agent in the hydrogel based on the copolymer dextran-polyacrylamide provides a decrease in the diffusion rate of methylene blue from the hydrogel. 390 nm ultraviolet radiation reduces the number of S. aureus colonies for 80% at 20 min exposure. Further increase in the exposure did not contribute to significant changes in this indicator. Blue light (460 nm) reduces the presence of this strain of microorganisms for 66% at 20 min exposure and reaches the effect of UV at 30 min exposure. Red light (660 nm) has no bactericidal effect. Minimal activity was found for methylene blue at concentrations of 0.001% and 0.0001% which was around 6 mm. The synergistic effect of 0.001% methylene blue and red light increases the activity for 40% up to 10 mm. Conclusions. For the photoinactivation of Staphylococcus aureus, it is advisable to use a low energy red light with a 660 nm wavelength in combination with a saturated methylene blue (0.001%) hydrogels. Perhaps the synergistic action of red light and dye provides a generation of active radicals that contribute to the growth retardation of microorganisms.
Introduction. One of the common chronic dermatoses that have a direct impact on the quality of life of patients is acne. The occurrence of psycho-emotional disorders due to the location of elements in the open areas of the body. Given the high prevalence of acne in puberty (up to 85 % of adolescents have episodes of acne of varying severity), there is a need to find new algorithms for acne treatment to prevent the progression of social maladaptation and depressive states. Materials and methods. The study included 140 patients who were divided into 3 groups depending on the presence of comorbid pathology and treatment methods: group 1 — patients with acne who were underwent standard treatment for 60 days, group 2 — patients with acne in comorbidity with demodecosis, group 3 — patients with acne in comorbidity with demodecosis and functional disorders of the digestive system, who were additionally treated with a laser therapy. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using the GAGS scale and the DLQI questionnaire on days 14, 28 and 60 of therapy. Results. Evaluation of the results on day 60 shows a decrease in the manifestations of inflammation by 50 % in groups 2 and 3, and by 29 % in the standard therapy group. Improving of the quality of life in groups 2 and 3 was by 70 %, while in the group 1 — by 35 %. The following correlations were established: r = + 0.9 — between the severity of VC manifestations and the presence of comorbid pathology, r = + 0.71 — between the severity of VC and the assessment of quality of life, r = + 0.69 — between the presence of acne comorbidity with demodecosis and FDGBS and the effect on quality of life (p < 0.005). Conclusions. Optimization of the treatment algorithm for acne patients in comorbidity with demodecosis and functional disorders of the hepatobiliary system is achieved by the use of combined treatment using laser therapy, which significantly improves the quality of life of patients.
Introduction. An important component of the treatment of gunshot wounds is antibiotic therapy. Unfortunately, due to the antibiotic resistance of many strains of microorganisms, there remains a risk of purulent-infectious complications even with prolonged antibiotic therapy. In recent years, methods of physical action, in particular, photodynamic therapy (PDT), have been used to accelerate bacterial decontamination of wounds. Gunshot wounds have their own characteristics that create certain difficulties for the application of the method of photodynamic therapy. Purpose. Аnalyzes the results of the application of the developed PDT method in the complex treatment of gunshot wounds of soft tissues. Materials and methods. A comparison was made of the main indicators of the wound healing process between the wounded of the main group who used PDT (n = 52) and the comparison group (n = 32) who used treatment with complex water-soluble ointments. To increase the effectiveness of the method, the «Photolon» photosensitizer was administered in two ways: by injection infiltration of tissues around the wound and by application directly to the wound surface. The wavelength of laser radiation is 660 nm. The dose of laser energy was 20 J/cm2. Results. The results of the study showed an improvement in the course of the wound process in all respects when using PDT: the period of regression of local edema in the main group on (3.7 ± 0.4) days in the comparison group (6.2 ± 0.5), the period of wound cleansing (4.7 ± 0.6) days (7.3 ± 0.8) days, respectively; the timing of the start of granulation (4.6 ± 0.5) days and (7.8 ± 0.6). At the beginning of treatment, 45 pathogenic strains were isolated in 38 (73.1 %) wounded main groups and 26 strains in 22 (68.7 %) wounded comparison groups. A day after the use of PDT, pathogenic wound microflora was isolated in 5 (9.6 %) wounded main groups — 5 strains and 23 strains in 19 (59.4 %) wounded comparison groups. Conclusions. The effects of PDT were observed: rapid inactivation of pathogenic wound microflora, reduction of edema, pain syndrome and stimulation of granulation growth, which contributes to early closure of wounds.
Cardiac rehabilitation is one of the main achievements of cardiology and physical rehabilitation medicine in the second half of the 20th century. Based on the methodology of evidence-based medicine, cardiac rehabilitation in a short time evolved from a “fictional” “alternative” unproven treatment direction to completely uncontested and proven multidisciplinary programs. This article presents contemporary findings on cardiorehabilitation and analysis of evidence-based experimental and clinical studies of low-level laser therapy efficiency in patients with ischemic heart disease. Aim. To search for evidence-based investigations on application of low-level laser therapy for rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease and to analyze their major propositions and recommendations.Materials and methods. PEDro, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane library electronic databases were searched for randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and clinical protocols using the key words within 2000–2019 years. Results and discussion: experimental and clinical investigations were carefully considered and the following findings were analyzed: action mechanisms of low-level laser therapy, its positive influence on myocardial remodeling, infarction area reduction, restenosis prevention and presented cardioprotective effect. More attention was focused at clinical evidence-based studies on application of photobiomodulation in order to increase the efficacy of surgical and percutaneous myocardial revascularization, and in non-invasive cardiology and physical rehabilitation medicine. Conclusion: regular analysis of performed studies and realization of new evidence-based investigation should be conducted to evaluate the efficiency of low-level laser therapy in rehabilitation of patients with ischemic heart disease.
Introduction. The widespread use of antibiotics that have a mutagenic effect on the microflora causes a change in the etiological structure of purulent infection, as well as the biological properties of the microbial cell with the appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. The consequence of this was a decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy, traditionally prescribed local treatment of wounds and amid growing allergization of the population. One of the promising methods of combating the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Purpose. An experimental study is devoted to studying the results of the treatment of purulent wounds in the first phase of the wound process using modified photodynamic therapy depending on the species of the pathogen. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 18 white Wistar male rats, divided into three groups depending on the type of sanation of purulent wounds (6 animals in each series). In the control group, wound treatment was performed by reorganization with chlorhexidine, in the second experimental group, photodynamic therapy sessions were performed, in the third experimental group, the photosensitizer was modified with chitosan. In dynamics, we studied the microbial contamination of wounds, the lethality of animals, and also performed histological and morphometric studies. Results. With regard to gram-negative rods, the use of «Photolon» as a photosensitizer led to a significant reduction in bacterial contamination: in the crops, the number of germinated colonies was less than 10 bacteria/ml, which suggests the selectivity of this type of photochemical effect with respect to gram-negative flora. Conclusions. Modified PDT was effective against gram-negative bacilli (plating decreased from 3.70 ± 0.05 × 104 (log CFU/ml = 4.5682) to 2.90 ± 0.05 × 104 (log CFU/ml = 4.4623) and with respect to gram-positive pathogens: the number of CFU/ml after the second session was < 1.0 ± 0.05 (log CFU/ml = 1). Histological and morphometric studies showed the advantages of modified PDT compared to traditional treatment of purulent wounds.
Introduction. Capillary changes link are closely correlated with shifts in central hemodynamics, whichallows the use of microcirculation parameters as diagnostic and prognostic criteria for assessing the body asa whole. The work is aimed at increasing the efficiency of detecting microcirculatory disorders by computercapillaroscopy in patients with pathology of intranasal structures and accompanied by difficulty in nasalbreathing and smell.Purpose: nature and severity analysis of intravital morphological changes in the microvessels of the nailbed in patients with pathology of the intranasal structures, accompanied by impaired nasal breathing and smell.Materials and methods: We examined 145 patients aged 18–38 years who were diagnosed with changesin intranasal structures with varying degrees of nasal obstruction and impaired sense of smell. Patients weredivided into 3 groups. The first group — patients with a disease duration of 3–5 years; the second group — patientswith a disease duration of up to 0.5 years; the third group — patients with a disease duration of up to 1 month.Results: Patients with intranasal structures pathology in the I and III clinical groups with a duration of nasalobstruction up to 5 years and 1 month. Changes in systemic microcirculation were significantly more frequentlyobserved than in patients with a disease duration of up to 0.5 years. The observed tendency to disturbance ofmicrocirculation in groups III and I is caused, first of all, by a change in the state of microvessels for sharphypoxia (these changes are consistent with rhinomanometry) and a “breakdown” of adaptation mechanisms inthe group of prolonged nasal obstruction for up to 5 years, at that time as in group II, there is an increase in thereserve of adaptation from the cardiovascular system to the conditions of nasal obstruction.Сonclusions: The study of microcirculation using capillaroscopy made it possible to study the smallestvessels, capillaries, which are the first to respond to impaired nasal breathing by changing the functional stateand morphological reconstruction of the microvasculature of the bloodstream.
Introduction. Lasers in medicine are currently widely used for both diagnosis and treatment. Studies of the thermal processes that occur when a person is exposed to laser radiation have made it possible to developinnovative methods of treating many diseases. Purpose: to study thermal processes in biological tissues during their local laser heating (mathematical model and experiment). Materials and methods. Using the developed mathematical model of the process of local heating of a certain region inside biological tissue, we studied the process of heating the environment by continuous and pulsed laser radiation using infrared light with a wavelength of 0.98 μm, red light with a wavelength of 0.65 μm, green light with a wavelength 0.5 microns and blue light with a wavelength of 0.435 microns. Results. The sizes of the heated region, the time of establishment and decrease in temperature are determined. The calculation results are in good agreement with the obtained experimental data. Findings. The mode of heating biological tissue with laser radiation depends on the wavelength. The maximum heating temperature of the irradiated section with a radiation pulse duration much shorter than the thermal time constant is independent of the shape and duration of the pulse and is determined only by the energy of the absorbed radiation. The distribution of heat into the medium during the duration of the pulse is determined by its duration and thermal diffusivity of the tissue. To reduce the heating of the surrounding tissue, it is necessary to use short radiation pulses. The progress of tissue heating by a sequence of radiation pulses depends on the relationship between the duration of the pulses, the period of their repetition, and the thermal time constant of the medium. The average (smoothed) temperature is the same as when heated with continuous power equal to the average power of the pulse-modulated radiation.
The article discusses the new opportunities for improving technology of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice using LED and laser sources in order to reduce the level of bilirubin in the blood of infants. It has been shown that several types of LEDs with emission spectrum corresponding to the long-wavelength slope of bilirubin absorption band can be used for therapeutic purposes. At the same time, the efficacy of phototherapy depend on not only from the position of the maximum in emission spectrum of the LEDs within bilirubin absorption band, but also on the spectral width of acting radiation. Based on the study of regularities of infl of optical radiation on the survival of animal cells in culture sensitized with bilirubin it has been concluded that the damaging eff cts are signifi ly reduced upon transition from quasi-monochromatic LED sources to lasers, emitting in the same spectral range. It allows to consider the modern semiconductor lasers emitting in blue and blue-green spectral regions as promising sources for development of phototherapeutic equipment for treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
The aim of the study was to improve the results of wound treatment in patients with ischemic and neuro-ischemic forms of diabetic foot syndrome through the use of phototherapy, platelet growth factor and modern coating materials in the treatment complex. The paper presents the results of surgical treatment of 48 patients with ischemic and neuroischemic diabetic foot syndrome, which, in accordance with the objectives of the study, were divided into two groups — the study (24 patients) and comparative (24 patients). All patients suffered from diabetes mellitus type II and had IV degree of foot ischemia according to Fontaine. The following reconstructive operations were performed in both groups of patients: femoral-tibialis and femoral-popliteal shunting, as well as hybrid reconstructions. In patients of the study group, the treatment technology developed by us was applied. Using the developed tactics, it was possible to achieve complete healing of wounds in 91,7 % of patients and partial healing (over 50 %) in 8.3 % of patients in the study group. The terms of treatment of these patients did not exceed 2 months, the execution of high amputations was not required.
Purpose. To analyze quality of life dynamics of patients with trophic venous ulcers of the lower limbs after the treatment with the use of photodynamic therapy. Materials and methods. Quality of life research was conducted in 57 patients with trophic ulcers of venous etiology. The first group included 30 patients who received standard treatment, the second group — 27 patients, in which standard treatment was combined with a course of photodynamic therapy. To assess the quality of life of the patients in both groups, a questionnaire was conducted using the EuroQol-5D-5L survey system and the visual analogue scale EQ-VAS. The quality of life assessment was carried out at the beginning of treatment, 10 days and 6 weeks after starting treatment. Results. The results indicate a significant improvement in the quality of life in both groups, but the degree of improvement in this indicator in group 2 was 20.7 % higher.An analysis of the dynamics of improvement in quality of life showed an increase in the mean of the indicator 10 days after the beginning of treatment in patients in the first group of 26.7 %, the second group by 43 %, and in 6 weeks, its increase was achieved in patients in the first group by 32.7 %, in the second group — by 53.4 %. Conclusions. The use of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of venous trophic ulcers significantly affects the quality of life, which is manifested in the anti-inflammatory effect and reduction of pain syndrome in the shorter term (by 76.2 %), compared with patients in the first group.
Introduction. The low-intensity visible and infrared radiation of lasers and LEDs is widely used in medicine for the treatment of a number of diseases, including in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. However, there is no consistency and certainty in the characteristics of radiation and the duration of exposure to achieve the best effect in a particular patient. The aim of the work is a systematic analysis of the literature on the influence of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the optical spectrum range on the healing of foot ulcers and the normalization of the condition of patients with diabetes, as well as the mechanisms of therapeutic action. Materials and methods. An analysis of medical publications based on the MedLine database for the period from 1995 to 2019 was carried out on this topic. Results. Based on the analysis of published works, the parameters of low intensity optical radiation are established that stimulate the healing of ulcers, the normalization of blood supply and innervation in patients with diabetic foot syndrome. The most probable mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of low intensity optical radiation with diabetic foot syndrome have been identified. Findings. A systematic analysis of the literature shows that low-intensity optical radiation from both lasers and LEDs causes a reaction at the cellular and tissue levels, which results in pronounced therapeutic effects, including the healing of ulcers in both experimental animals and patients with diabetic syndrome feet. The mechanisms of therapeutic action of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the optical spectrum range are biochemical rather than thermal. As a result of photochemical stimulation, the proliferation of cells, in particular fibroblasts, is accelerated, cellular respiration, production of collagen and growth factors are enhanced, macrophage activity and angiogenesis are activated, which leads to the cleansing of wounds and ulcers, the removal of inflammation, the normalization of microcirculation and the development of a new blood vessel system. period from 1995 to 2019 was carried out on this topic.
Since the first demonstration of a tissue and organ transilluminator by a graduate of the Kyiv University V.A. Milliot at the 1867 exhibition in Paris, many enthusiasts have dealt with this diagnostic method. This paper provides an overview of publications from the funds of the Kharkiv Medical Library, materials from the Internet about the “transillumination” method, about Moshe Zelmanovich Sigal, educated at Donetsk Medical Institute, his life path, predecessors and followers. Studies in transmitted light are based on the differences in the absorption of light by various structures of the body. Transillumination attracts with the possibility of its use during operations. Depending on the relative position of the light source, the object being studied, and the researcher, three types of transillumination are possible: 1) intracavitary — the light source is inserted into the organ cavity; 2) transorgan — the light source is located behind the organ; and 3) extracavitary — transillumination is performed from the outside into the hollow organ when the imaging is made using an optical device inserted into the organ cavity. Inflation of a cavity increases the transparency of its walls and allows identifying subtler structures of the body. Based on transillumination angioscopy, M.Z. Sigal a half century ago developed a technique for lifetime monitoring of blood flow through the intramural vessels of the walls of hollow organs. Due to the difference in the color of blood in the vessels, the veins produce more intense shadow images than the arteries during transillumination. Transillumination angioscopy is possible without contrast agents. The development of technical means, the emergence of new light sources and its transportation allow modern surgeons to guide the course of the operation until the last suture using transillumination.
Actuality. The heart system executes the important role in the organism. It is important task of medicine to diagnose of the state of this system. Electrocardiogram is the one of methods of control its state. Cardiointervalgram is another way of study of the state of the heart system. I studies the change of rhythm of heart as reaction of organism on external influences. Sphygmography is a method of graphical recording of pulse fluctuations of blood vessels. Sphygmograms are recorded using sensors installed on areas of the body with a distinct pulsation of blood - on the carotid, subclavian, femoral and radial arteries. The data obtained allow us to judge the atherosclerosis of certain sections of blood vessels, hypertension and a number of other pathological processes in which the elasticity of the vessels is impaired. LED and laser technology allowed us to significantly simplify the registration system of the sphygmogram and make the process of obtaining it more reliable. The device is a system of LED-photodiode, between which the studied object is located - the finger of the hand. The signal is formed due to a change in the volume of blood in the place of indication during the passage of the pulse wave.Purpose of work. The spectral analysis of the sphygmogram impulses gives the information about heart system. The spectrum of sphygmogram of healthy man is wider. Numeral coefficients, which are characterizing correlation high and low frequencies, are offered. This was offered to analysis the spectrum of signal from the optical sensor, which is containing information by the of impulses and cardiountervals. These signals contain more information, than cardiointervalgram and single impulse of sfigmogram only.Methods. In addition to statistical analysis, spectral analysis is also used to study cardiointervalograms and sphygmograms. It consists in calculating the fundamental frequency and higher harmonics of the signal and estimating the energy contribution of each of them.Results. The spectrum of cardiointervalgram contains information about the slow waves of heart work. The spectrum of sphygmogram contains information about frequency of heart work and about higher frequencies also.Conclusion. The analysis of heart work was made by the spectrum of cardiointervalgram and on the spectrum of sphygmogram. The second method allows to obtain more information about health of man.
Introduction. The history of the development of photomedicine over the past one and a half years is directly related to the history of the development of artificial light sources. And the medical direction of using these sources, as befits the light, has always been extremely bright. The purpose of this study was to familiarize doctors, scientists, engineers working in the field of photomedicine, with the creators of artificial sources of the light that is used for the rehabilitation, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the most common human diseases. Materials and methods. Sources of information were archival documents of scientific libraries, scientific journals, and conference proceedings. The search depth was almost 160 years. Results. As a result of this work, the names of three outstanding inventors of the first incandescent lamps born in the same 1847 and giving people artificial sun were mentioned again (Russian engineer Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin, Russian military engineer Pavel Nikolaevich Yablochkov and American electrical engineer Thomas Alva Edison) . The work of the first arc lamps was based on research by the Russian inventor V.V. Petrov and the English naturalist G.Devi. As a result of complex experiments, the Russian physicist S.I. Vavilov discovered in 1924 that the efficiency of luminescent substances is much higher than the efficiency of incandescent lamps. The Nobel laureates of 1964 for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which led to the creation of generators and amplifiers of a new type - masers and lasers, became the American physicist C. Townes and Soviet physicists N.G. Basov and A.M. Prokhorov. In 1960, the laser era began with the light arm of Theodor Harold Meiman, who created the first ruby-crystal laser operating at a wavelength of 694.3 nm. Then A. Javan, W. Bennet and D. Herriot created a gas (helium-neon) laser. In 1962, a semiconductor laser was created by a group of American (B.Lex, U. Dumke, M.Naten) and independently Soviet scientists (B.M. Vul and others). A carbon dioxide laser (molecular) was created in 1964 by K. Patel. A dye laser was created in 1966 by P. Sorokin and J. Lancard. The “father” of LEDs is considered by the whole world to Nick Holonyak, who in 1962 created the world’s first GaAsP luminescent diode emitting in the red spectrum. Findings. In the process of evolution of artificial light sources (from incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps to lasers and LEDs), phototherapy methods were also improved.
Hyperuricaemia is included in the risk factors for arterial hypertension. Arterial stiffness is one of the risk factors for arterial hypertension. The purpose of the study: to evaluate the effectiveness of low level laser therapy for the correction of hyperuricaemia and stiffness of the arterial wall at the comorbidity of hyperuricaemia with arterial hypertension. The study included 92 patients: 1st group — 42 patients with arterial hypertension, 2nd group — 50 patients with arterial hypertension in combination with hyperuricaemia. The low level laser therapy was performed by the Mustang 2000 apparatus with a wavelength of 635 nm. Correlation relationship between the level of uric acid and pulse wave velocity. After low level laser therapy, the level of uric acid decreased in the 1st group by 3.4 %, in the 2nd — by 19.1 %. In the 2nd group, the decrease in uric acid after low level laser therapy was 15.7 % more intense than in the 1st group. After low level laser therapy there was a pulse wave velocity decrease in both groups. Thus, the effectiveness of low level laser therapy for the correction of arterial hypertension and the reduction of arterial wall stiffness with arterial hypertension comorbidity with hyperuricaemia are proved.
Introduction. Ultraviolet radiation is necessary for a person to function normally, but prolonged exposure to sunlight, including ultraviolet radiation of spectrum C, leads to cancer of the skin. Purpose: the development of phytocosmeceutical agents on a natural basis, reducing the period of adaptation of the human body to ultraviolet radiation, and the search for primary test cultures for testing the developed protective agents. Materials and methods. In the work, the natural mechanism for restoring the vital activity of microorganisms under the short-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation of spectrum C is studied. The possibility of reducing the period of adaptation of the human body to ultraviolet radiation of spectrum C through the use of a protective phytocosmeceutical agent developed by the author is studied. The possibility of using yeast cells as a primary test culture for testing new phytocosmeceutical protective agents has been tested for the first time. Results. The study identified the requirements for protective equipment of the human body against ultraviolet radiation of spectrum C for use in extreme conditions where there are significant violations of the ozone layer. To protect against excessive insolation, a phytocosmeceutical based on ingredients of plant origin was developed, aimed at inducing melanogenesis. The results show that it is acceptable to use Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. Hansen as the primary test culture for testing UV-C protective agents. Findings. A natural phytocosmeceutical protective product has been developed that reduces the period of adaptation of the human body to ultraviolet radiation due to the induction of melanogenesis. A convenient object was found that can be used as a primary test culture when testing protective agents against ultraviolet radiation of spectrum C.
The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects of LED radiation on the oral mucosa when used in the combined treatment of prosthetic stomatitis were investigated. The test evidenced that the light radiation of Barva-Flex/BIR device (λ = 470 nm and λ = 940 nm) contributes to the reduction of inflammatory changes in oral mucosa and has a significant antimicrobial effect. LED radiation holds promise for use in the combined stomatitis treatment.
The research work reflects the results of an experimental study, the purpose of which was to develop a method of sealing the small intestinal anastomosis under peritonitis. The experiment was performed on 20 white Wistar male rats weighing about 250 grams. The possibilities of using physical (light of a certain wavelength) and biological (tissue growth factors) methods in the prevention and treatment of acute inflammatory reactions and stimulation of reparative processes are shown. It is noted that a promising direction for further research on methods for the prevention of insolvency of small bowel anastomoses is the use of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation in visible spectrum in combination with the application of tissue growth factors.
