Physical health is a condition when a person's body is healthy and fit, and their organs and body systems function properly. Physical health is also known as physical fitness. The physical health of students at Riyadhul Ulum Integrated Islamic Middle School, Ujung Batu District, Rokan Hulu Regency, is often disturbed, including hair health, eye health, nose health, ear health, dental and oral health, nail health, and skin health. The purpose of this study was to find out about students' physical health knowledge. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The population in this study amounted to 108 people. The sample in this study amounted to 58 people using the purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using a research sample questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed using the descriptive percentage analysis formula (%). The results of the study showed that the implementation of physical health knowledge of students of Riyadhul Ulum Integrated Islamic Middle School, Ujung Batu District, Rokan Hulu Regency, was in the "Very Good" category of 25.86% (15 people), the "Good" category of 67.24% (39 people), and the "Enough" category of 6.90% (4 people). It can be concluded that the level of physical health knowledge of students of Riyadhul Ulum Integrated Islamic Middle School, Ujung Batu District, Rokan Hulu Regency, is in the good category
This study investigates the effect of physical education learning based on the Direction Guessing Game and Compact Game on improving students’ active participation in grade 7 at SMP N 29 Semarang. Active participation is considered an essential component of effective physical education learning, as it reflects students’ involvement not only physically but also cognitively and affectively during the learning process. To address this issue, a quantitative quasi-experimental design was employed, involving two experimental groups consisting of 30 students each. Each group received different game-based learning treatments, namely the Direction Guessing Game and the Compact Game, which were implemented over a four-week instructional period. Data were collected using the Physical Education Attitude Scale (PEAS), which assesses students’ active participation across affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine overall trends, followed by assumption tests and comparative statistical tests to examine differences between the two learning models. The results indicate that both the Direction Guessing Game and Compact Game had a positive effect on increasing students’ active participation in physical education lessons. However, the Compact Game demonstrated higher mean scores and more consistent improvements across all participation aspects compared to the Direction Guessing Game. These findings suggest that game-based learning approaches can effectively enhance student engagement, motivation, and interaction in physical education classes. Furthermore, the Compact Game appears to provide more opportunities for continuous involvement and collaborative play, which may contribute to higher levels of active participation. In conclusion, integrating the Direction Guessing Game and Compact Game supports student-centered learning and can be applied as an innovative and practical strategy to strengthen students’ active participation in physical education learning, particularly at the junior high school level
Futsal is a sport that demands high levels of speed, coordination, agility, and mastery of basic technical skills, particularly for players in the early developmental stages. However, training programs for young futsal players are often implemented without being preceded by an objective assessment of their basic technical abilities. This condition may lead to training that is less effective and not aligned with the developmental needs of the athletes. Therefore, it is important to analyze the basic technical abilities of young futsal players as a foundation for designing appropriate and systematic training programs. This study aims to analyze the basic technical abilities of futsal players aged 10–13 years at the Merpati Muda Futsal School in Tangerang City. This research employed a quantitative descriptive research design. The subjects of the study were futsal players aged 10–13 years who were actively training at the Merpati Muda Futsal School. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and standardized basic futsal skills tests. The instrument used in this study was the Young Futsal Specific Test Battery (YFSTB), which consists of five components: dribbling, passing, ball control, zigzag dribbling, and shooting. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques to describe the level of players’ basic technical abilities. The results of this study are expected to provide an objective and comprehensive profile of the basic technical abilities of early-age futsal players. These findings can be used as a reference for coaches and trainers in evaluating athletes’ technical skills and in planning age-appropriate, targeted, and effective training programs. In addition, this study is expected to contribute to the development of early-age futsal coaching, particularly in optimizing the technical development of young players
Smashing is an important technique in volleyball. However, the accuracy of smashing remains a challenge for students in volleyball extracurricular activities. Muscle strength plays an important role in improving volleyball smashing skills. For this reason, core rotation plyometric exercises were chosen to improve smashing accuracy because they can increase muscle power. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a two-group pretest-posttest design, using an experimental group and a control group as a comparison. This study was conducted at MTS Sultan Fattah Gaji with a population of 8 students participating in volleyball extracurricular activities. The research sample used purposive sampling. The training program was conducted for 4 weeks with 3 meetings per week. Data were collected using the Smash Attack Test instrument and analyzed using a t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The results of the study concluded that there was no significant effect of core rotation plyometric training on the accuracy of volleyball smashes, with a mean value of -3.250, a t-value of -2.030, and a p-value of 0.135. Thus, p = 0.135 > 0.05, so H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected. Although there was an improvement from the pretest to the posttest, it was not strong enough to indicate a significant difference
This study aims to determine the correlation between leg explosive power and shooting quality in soccer games. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research sample consisted of 30 male students selected through a purposive sampling technique. The instruments used included a standing broad jump test to measure leg explosive power and a shooting test to assess shooting quality. The results of the descriptive analysis showed an average leg explosive power of 2.079 meters and an average shooting quality of 1.027. The normality test obtained a significance value of 0.46 for explosive power and 0.65 for shooting, which indicates that both variables are normally distributed. The linearity test produced a Sig. value of 0.724 > 0.05, so the relationship between the variables is declared linear. The results of the correlation test using SPSS showed a value of r = 0.678 with Sig. 0.000 < 0.05, which means there is a strong and significant relationship between leg explosive power and shooting quality. Thus, it can be concluded that the higher the leg explosive power, the better the shooting quality in soccer games
The high cases of mortality and mental disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic have led to a phenomenon of health information-seeking behavior as an effort to maintain quality of life. This study aims to examine the patterns, differences, and relationships between searches for mental health information and physical activity information in Indonesia over the past 85 months (January 2018–January 2025). A cross-sectional study design with descriptive statistical tests, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman rank correlation was applied to analyze Google Relative Search Volume (RSV) data from various search terms in the categories of mental health (stress, anxiety, depression) and physical activity (running, weight training, boxing, camping). The results indicate that public interest in mental health information and physical activity information has increased based on the average RSV during the COVID-19 pandemic, except for boxing information. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in RSV between the search terms tested (p<0.05), with ‘anxiety’ (rank sum=36503) and ‘stress’ (rank sum=35288) being the most popular search terms over the past 85 months. Meanwhile, the Spearman rank test showed a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between all mental health-related search terms (stress, anxiety, and depression) and the search term 'running' with a moderate correlation, as well as 'weight training' with a moderate to strong correlation. This study contributes to understanding the high public interest in mental health issues, which is connected to the search for information on running and weight training as potential therapies practiced by the public
Futsal is a ball game with the aim of entering the ball into the opponent's goal by manipulating players using their feet and techniques and tactics, and it requires mental competition. This research is motivated by the lack of mental readiness to compete for Qhongxi Bungo Regency men's futsal players. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the level of mental competence of Qhongxi Bungo Regency futsal players. This study uses descriptive quantitative research. The population in this study was 35 players, the sample in this study was 15 players, and the sample collection technique in this study used purposive sampling. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire in the form of a questionnaire, and the data collected is analyzed using a percentage. The results of the study were obtained based on four aspects of mental competition, including (1) the aspect of confidence in mental competing of 81.33%, which is included in the Good criteria; (2) the aspect of focus in mental competing of 79.78%, which is included in the Good criteria; (3) the aspect of intelligence in mental competing of 77.78%, which is included in the Good criteria; and (4) the aspect of emotional intelligence in mental competing of 76.89%, which is included in the Good criteria. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the mentality of competing men's futsal players in Qhongxi Bungo Regency of 78.95% is included in the “good” criteria
Physical education, sports and health should be implemented creatively and comprehensively. Learning not only emphasizes psychomotor aspects, but understanding the material provided is also important. Sports courses, conventionally considered the domain of physical activity, are now getting a touch of digital technology to make them more relevant and interesting. As technology develops, the entry of dominant foreign cultures causes a decline in love for local culture. In the era of globalization, the spirit of patriotism has decreased in line with the weakening of love for the country. Patriotism can be realized in one way through sport, where sport plays a role in the construction and reproduction of national identity. This research aims to develop flip book-based learning media to help understand sports and the value of patriotism. The research method used is the research and development (R&D) method. The product designed is a sports flipbook learning media that can be used on smartphones or computers. The development model used is the ADDIE development model, namely: 1) analysis, 2) design, 3) development, 4) implementation, and 5) evaluation. Quantitative data analysis techniques use descriptive statistics, and qualitative data uses content analysis techniques. The results of the research show that sports flipbook media has been produced which contains text, images and videos of sports material and patriotism values. As a result of understanding sports material, the average test score increased from 65 to 85, sports practical skills, the average score increased from 70 to 88, and understanding the value of patriotism, the average score increased from 60 to 83
This study aims to provide an overview of the state of physical literacy research in Indonesia and contribute to the global discussion on the development of physical literacy in children. It focuses on: (1) the prevailing themes and focus areas in physical literacy research related to children in Indonesia, (2) how these themes have evolved over time, (3) the dominant methodologies used in these studies, and (4) the gaps and areas identified for future research. The Scopus database was used to select articles containing information on the implementation and impact of physical literacy on children in Indonesia. The search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After applying exclusion criteria, only seven articles qualified for in-depth analysis. A review of the literature reveals that the development of physical literacy in children requires a planned approach involving a learning model that integrates fundamental motor skills. Evaluation instruments for physical literacy are also crucial, yet only a few adapted instruments have been tested. Moreover, there is currently no specific framework for physical literacy in Indonesia, despite its reliance on the ecological context of a region. This review identifies that research on physical literacy in Indonesia, particularly for children, remains very limited. Considering the critical role of early childhood development for later life, frameworks, assessment instruments, learning models, and programs to enhance physical literacy for children in Indonesia are notably scarce. Future research is expected to focus on these areas
Physical fitness plays a crucial role in enhancing students' focus and improving their learning outcomes. his study explores the relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement, with a particular focus on how regular exercise improves students' concentration. As educational demands increase, there is a growing need to identify factors beyond the classroom that support cognitive development and academic performance. Research has shown that physical activity positively influences brain function by enhancing blood flow, stimulating neurochemical release, and supporting neurogenesis—factors that contribute to improved focus, memory, and mental alertness. Numerous studies have shown that regular exercise can improve cognitive skills, including attention and memory, which in turn helps enhance academic achievement. This article reviews the relationship between physical fitness and learning outcomes, emphasizing how exercise can improve concentration. The approach used is a literature review, analyzing various existing studies. Findings indicate that good physical fitness can increase blood flow to the brain, increase the production of chemicals that transmit signals in the brain, and improve brain structure through the brain's ability to adapt. The study also highlights the importance of integrating structured physical activity into the school curriculum to promote both physical and academic development. By understanding the connection between fitness and learning, stakeholders in education can make informed decisions that support students' overall well-being and academic success. In conclusion, regular exercise can improve thinking skills and support students' academic achievement
This study aims to determine the effect and effectiveness of the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) method on increasing cardiovascular endurance (VO2max) in athletes. This study used a quasi-experimental design. One group became the experimental group, and the other the control group. The research design used a nonequivalent control group design. The population in this study were all badminton athletes of the PB Kobar club, with a total of 24 people. Because the population size was less than 100, the sampling technique used a total sampling technique. So the sample of this study was 24 people. 12 people in the experimental group and 12 people in the control group. Each group (experimental and control) was given treatment with a frequency of 12 times, which was carried out 3 times a week. This study used a beep test as a research instrument. Data analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk test for data normality testing and Levene's test for data homogeneity testing. For hypothesis testing, the T-test (paired sample t-test) was used. The N-Gain score test was used to measure the effectiveness of the treatment using SPSS 27 software. The results showed that: (1) There was a significant effect on the cardiovascular endurance of athletes participating in high-intensity interval training (P<0.05). (2) There was a significant effect on the cardiovascular endurance of athletes participating in conventional training (P<0.05). (3) High-intensity interval training was more effective in increasing athletes' cardiovascular endurance with a percentage value of 59.67% compared to conventional training with a percentage value of 24.18%. It can be concluded that the application of the High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) method is more effective in increasing cardiovascular endurance compared to conventional training
Purpose This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an integrated play-based circuit training model in improving locomotor movement skills among preschool-aged children. The need for structured and engaging physical activity models in early childhood education is increasingly recognized, especially given rising concerns over declining motor competence in young children. Materials and Methods A quasi-experimental design was employed involving 40 children aged 5–6 years, who were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). The experimental group participated in an 8-week intervention combining circuit-based motor activities with playful elements, conducted three times a week. The control group engaged in routine unstructured physical activities. Pre-test and post-test assessments of locomotor skills were conducted using the Test of Gross Motor Development–2 (TGMD-2). Statistical analysis included paired and independent t-tests to evaluate within-group and between-group differences, respectively, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The experimental group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in locomotor skills compared to the control group. Mean post-test scores increased more markedly in the experimental group, indicating the effectiveness of the integrated model in enhancing movement competence. Conclusions: The findings support the hypothesis that a play-based circuit training model is effective in improving locomotor skills in preschool-aged children. This approach offers a practical, enjoyable, and developmentally appropriate method for early childhood educators to support motor development. Future research should explore broader implementation and long-term impact on physical literacy
Shoulder pain is a musculoskeletal disorder that can cause discomfort, limited upper body movement, and a reduced quality of life. Physical activities or sports that involve repetitive use of the upper extremities, such as badminton, volleyball, or weightlifting, often cause spasms or injuries to the shoulder muscles. Infrared (IR) therapy provides superficial heat that can increase vasodilation, improve blood circulation, and reduce muscle spasms, while passive exercises aim to maintain or increase ROM and muscle strength. However, research on the combined effects of IR and passive exercises on shoulder pain is still limited. This study is an experimental study (quasi-experimental) with a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 10 respondents with shoulder pain. The intervention was carried out for 16 treatments with a frequency of 3-4 times a week. IR was administered at a distance of ± 30 cm from the skin surface in the shoulder area for 10-20 minutes per session. Pain levels were measured using the VAS before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the paired sample t-test. The results showed a significant decrease in pain levels from 7.60 ± 1.50 to 1.80 ± 1.13 (p=0.000) with an average decrease of 5.80 and a very large effect size (Cohen's d = 4.4). The combination of IR and passive exercises was proven to be effective in reducing shoulder pain through improved blood circulation, muscle relaxation, and increased ROM. This combination therapy can be recommended as a simple, safe, and effective non-pharmacological physiotherapy intervention for patients with shoulder pain
The body will use calories as needed and store the excess in the form of fat tissue. Body fat percentage is a picture of the amount of fat stored in the body, while visceral fat is the fat that surrounds internal organs and is often associated with an increased risk of metabolic disease. This study aims to find out the correlation between body fat percentage and visceral fat. This study used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The measurement of body fat percentage and visceral fat was carried out using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. The results of the analysis showed a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05) with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.757, which indicates a strong and significant relationship between the two variables. Thus, it can be concluded that body fat percentage has a strong positive correlation with visceral fat.
This study aims to analyze in depth the role of the setter in enhancing volleyball performance from technical, tactical, and communication perspectives. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach through library research by synthesizing findings from seven relevant national and international scientific journals. The results show that the setter holds a central position as the main playmaker who directs attacks and controls the game’s tempo. Technically, the setter’s accuracy in overhead passing, precision of ball distribution, and coordination between vision and hand movement are crucial factors determining team effectiveness. Training using setter training balls has been proven to significantly improve passing accuracy and ball control. Moreover, the use of supporting tools such as the smash-setter device strengthens the cooperation between the setter and the spiker, resulting in faster and more varied attack patterns. From a tactical perspective, setters must be able to read game situations and make rapid, accurate decisions according to the opponent’s defense conditions. Meanwhile, verbal and nonverbal communication plays an essential role in maintaining coordination among players during the dynamic flow of matches. The combination of technical proficiency, tactical intelligence, and communication ability makes the setter the “brain of the game,” determining the team’s success. Therefore, the development of setter skills should be carried out comprehensively through integrated training that includes technical, tactical, psychological, and communication aspects to produce adaptive, strategic, and competitive players at various levels of competition
This study aims to examine the relationship between lung vital capacity, haemoglobin levels, and body mass index (BMI) in determining the maximum capacity of oxygen volume (VO2Max) in non-athlete students. The study used a correlational method involving 103 non-athlete students who attended exercise physiology courses, with an average age of ± 20 years. VO2Max was measured using the Multistage Fitness Test, lung vital capacity was measured using a spirometer, while BMI was calculated based on height and weight. Measurement of haemoglobin level was done using Easy Touch Omron device. Data analysis was conducted using the regression method. The results showed a weak correlation between lung vital capacity and VO2Max (R = 0.378). Haemoglobin levels also showed a weak correlation with VO2Max (R = 0.248), while the relationship between BMI and VO2Max was very low (R = 0.127). This study shows that lung vital capacity has a positive but weak relationship with VO2Max in non-athlete students. Haemoglobin levels also showed a weak association, while BMI had very little influence on cardiorespiratory fitness. These findings indicate that other factors may have a more dominant role in determining fitness levels in this population. The implications of this study may provide further insight into the factors that influence cardiorespiratory fitness in non-athlete university students
This study is an experiment that aims to determine the effect of the jigsaw cooperative learning model to increase students' self-confidence in participating in athletics lectures. The research design used in this study is one group pre-test and post-test. The sample in this study amounted to 43 students using the purposive sampling technique. The criteria set in determining the sample are being healthy, taking athletics courses, and willing to follow all research processes. The collection of research data was carried out using a self-confidence questionnaire totaling 20 questions that had been tested with a reliability level of 0.923. While the data analysis technique was carried out using the T test with a normality test as a prerequisite test. Based on the results of the statistical analysis, it is known that the average value at the time of the pre-test was 82.86, while after treatment was given through Jigsaw learning, the average value increased to 88.67. The average difference between the two measurements was 5.810, which indicates a significant increase in the level of student self-confidence. So it can be concluded that the jigsaw type cooperative learning model has a significant influence on increasing student self-confidence in the athletics lecture process
This research comes from Physical Education lessons in elementary schools, it is clear that children's movements are not good. Even though these basic movement skills are very important for children, especially elementary school age children. in the learning process which aims to reveal the influence of learning strategies and motivation on elementary school students' learning of basic Object Control movements. This type of research is a quasi-experiment. The sample for this research consisted of 20 Class V students at SD 22 Ujung Gurun Kec. Padang Barat Kota Padang uses Total Sampling. The results of this research show that: (1) Basic Object Control Movement Skills given with Exploration style results are higher than Command style (Qh = 5.01 > Qt = 2.983), (2) There is an interaction between learning strategies and achievement motivation on ability children's basic Object Control movements (Fh = 11.77 > Ft = 4.08), (3) With high achievement motivation, the basic Object Control movement abilities of children in the group given the Exploration style were higher than those given the command style (Qh = 5.44 > Qt = 3.216), (4) In low achievement motivation, the basic motor skills of Object Control group children who were given the Exploration style were lower than the Command style (Qh = 56.44 > Qt = 3.216)
Testosterone is an important hormone that plays a role not only in men, but also in women in maintaining muscle mass, energy, metabolic function, and reproductive health. This article aims to comprehensively examine the effect of physical exercise on testosterone levels in women. The method used was a literature review by analyzing various relevant studies related to hormonal responses to exercise. The results of the study show that exercise, especially strength training and high-intensity exercises such as High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), are able to increase testosterone levels acutely in women so that it can support increased muscle strength, better body composition, and hormonal balance. This improvement also contributes to sports performance and bone health. However, excessive exercise without adequate recovery can lower hormone levels, cause physiological stress, and potentially disrupt the menstrual cycle. Thus, regular, measurable, and tailored exercise to individual conditions plays a positive role in modulating testosterone levels in women. This article emphasizes the importance of a balance between exercise intensity and recovery to maintain hormonal stability and promote optimal health benefits for women
This study analyzes the effectiveness of various volleyball basic technique training methods, focusing on overhead serves and underhand passes, through an evidence-based approach. This study was conducted to address the need for more adaptive technical training to meet the demands of modern play, given that conventional training approaches, which tend to be repetitive, still dominate and often fail to improve skill transfer to game situations. The analysis was conducted on a number of studies that highlighted variations in training methods, such as blocked practice, random practice, mixed practice, paired drills, small-sided games, and the use of mechanical and visual feedback. The main findings show that blocked practice is effective in the early stages of movement pattern formation, while random and game-based practice is superior in skill transfer and long-term retention. Partner drills are more effective at improving groundstrokes than individual practice, while mechanical feedback has been shown to be more accurate in improving the kinematic consistency of overhead serves than verbal instruction. This study confirms that the most effective training approach is the integration of stabilization of basic movement patterns, variation in training conditions, game context, and data-based technical feedback. The results of this study can be used as a reference for coaches, sports educators, and practitioners to design training programs that are scientific, applicable, and relevant to the characteristics of modern volleyball
