The aim of this study is to enhance our comprehension of the efficiency of dye removal when subjected to sunlight and various optical spectra, as well as to assess the elimination of microorganisms by filters coated with Nano silver that are employed in water purification. A specific quantity of Nano silver, along with other prepared forms of Nano silver, was introduced into the laboratory setting for investigation. The tautog-catalyst analysis provided insights into the color spectrum of the dye employed, as well as its removal efficacy. Previous research has indicated that silver exhibits limited removal effectiveness, but sample 1 demonstrated notable efficiency while sample 3, once prepared, also exhibited strong removal performance. In terms of bacterial removal efficiency, the enumeration of bacteria was conducted using the membrane filtration technique. The findings indicate that the nanoparticles are stabilized in the water. These two strains were cultured on nutrient agar medium to examine the impact of the prepared nanomaterials on them. The diffusion well method was employed to investigate the influence of silver nanoparticles, prepared at concentrations of [30, 20, 10, 0.0] μg/ml, on the growth of Gram-negative E. coli [25922 E. coli] and Gram-negative E. coli [25923 E. coli], as well as Staphylococcus aureus [25923 ATCC aureus]. Furthermore, the impact of silver nanoparticles loaded on filter papers with varying manufacturing specifications on E. coli ATCC 25922 was studied and illustrated in terms of percentage inhibition. This strain of bacteria, E. coli ATCC 25922, was the subject of investigation due to its prevalence in water as a result of fecal contamination. The presence of this strain may indicate the presence of other contaminants. The study focused on examining this particular strain on filters. Nano-silver nanoparticles and zeta-potential have demonstrated robust stability.
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is the predominant hemoglobin during fetal development, typically replaced by adult hemoglobin after birth. However, in some individuals, HbF continues to be produced at low levels into adulthood a benign genetic disorder known as Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH). The aims to investigate cases of elevated HbF in individuals with otherwise normal complete blood count (CBC) parameters, by comparing hematological indices and hemoglobin fractions. This cross-sectional study, investigated hematological and biochemical characteristics in 50 children aged 1–10 years. Demographic data such as age and gender were recorded. Hematological parameters were measured using the NANA-5 Geno TEK analyzer, and hemoglobin fractions were assessed with the Bio-Rad D-10 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, applying Kruskal–Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Chi-square tests, with p-values (<0.05) considered significant in term of statistic. The sample patient group showed intermediate hematological indices between β-thalassemia and normal controls, with elevated HbF (median 4.1%) but lower than thalassemia cases (median 9.85%). HbA₂ was significantly elevated in β-thalassemia. HbF levels were significantly associated with age and gender. This study identifies a benign subgroup with elevated HbF and normal blood indices, likely due to HPFH or regulatory polymorphisms. Distinct from β-thalassemia minor, these individuals show no hematological abnormalities. Age- and sex-based variations support a genetic basis, highlighting the importance of integrated diagnostics to avoid misclassification.
A dtailed crocodile’s fossils study conducted for the Fat'ha Formation that cropped out at the South Mosul city of Nineveh, northern Iraq.The objective of this study is to determine the remains of crocodile’s fossils in Fat'ha Formation which have detailed investigation carried out on it indicate the presence of at least one new additional taxon, a previously unidentified form differing from crocodiles in the morphology of its lower jaw. The both forms are endemic to the African continent and also present at that time all around the Mediterranean basin. The presence of in North Africa at that time also indicated oscillating periods that varied from normal salinity to brackish and saline environments, with the shallow lagoon and sometimes deep lagoonal environment that do not exceed the shelf margin zone, before the onset of more arid conditions in the region that led to the disappearance of the crocodiles and the development and expansion of the modern species. The ideal classification that applies in this case is Animalia (Kingdom), Chordata (Phylum), Reptilia (Class), Order of Crocodylia (alligators), Alligatoridae alligators (Family), Paleosuchus (Genus) belonging to caimans, and Paleosuchus palpebrosus (species) which in turn goes back to Cuvier’s smooth-fronted caiman (dwarf types of caiman).
The aim of this work is to study local and global stability of a food chain dynamical system with wholly dependence top predator in a reserved zone, investigating mutualistic interaction of the top predator with both the prey and the middle predator as indemnity Holling type II functional response to obtain food in an ecologically reserved zone, where the prey and the middle predator coexist outgoing the reserved zone while the top predator easily burrows between them, the system boundedness demonstrated, the existence of the five feasible equilibrium points was proven. The sufficient conditions of local and global stability of equilibrium points shown briefly. Persistence of the food chain system studied with support of average Lyapunov function. A numerical simulation utilized to assure the theoretical outcomes. Finally, the research results concluded via a conclusion.
Abstract Background: One of the most dangerous side effects of diabetes is diabetic nephropathy, which can result in end-stage renal failure. Fibulin-1, an extracellular matrix component, is believed to be involved in renal and vascular disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the connection between the onset of diabetic nephropathy and plasma fibulin-1 levels. Methods: There were 90 individuals in the trial, 40 of whom were healthy controls and 50 of whom had diabetic nephropathy. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), creatinine, urea, components of the lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein "HDL" and low density lipoprotein "LDL"), and fibulin-1 levels were among the biochemical studies performed on blood samples. SPSS version 26.0 and Graph Pad Prism version 6 were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that diabetic nephropathy patients had significantly higher levels of fibulin-1,fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, urea, and LDL compared to the control group (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between plasma fibulin-1 levels and creatinine and LDL, while there was no significant relationship between fibulin-1 and HbA1c or BMI was observed. The diagnostic potential with Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of fibulin-1, for patients, revealing very good area under the curve(0.848, p< 0.001) with good sensitivity (70 %) and excellent specificity (95 %). Conclusion: The fibulin-1 increased significantly (p <0.001) in diabetic nephropathy patients with very good area under the curve(0.848). for this results fibulin-1may be a possible indicator of diabetic nephropathy progression, given its association with markers of renal dysfunction.
