The aim of the study: to developed the algorithm for the examination of the young athletes with prolongation of the QT interval on a standard ECG.Materials and methods: based on the analysis of literature and our own experience, an algorithm for examining athletes with a prolongation of the QT interval on an ECG has been developed.Results. The algorithm of examination includes sequential examination and sport admission of the athletes with prolongation of QT interval (QTc on an ECG more than 460 ms) in order to differentiate diagnosis of its prolongation.Conclusion. The proposed algorithm for examining athletes with QT prolongation on an ECG can be used for the differential diagnosis of long QT syndrome and secondary prolongation caused by overtraining. Its use will optimize the cost of the examination and avoid unjustified expensive examinations in athletes with secondary or stress-induced prolongation of the QT interval.
Purpose of the study: To identify and analyse differences in posterior thigh muscles flexibility profiles between recreational runners on trail and road surfaces.Methods: This study employed an observational cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, in which respondents were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Posterior thigh muscles flexibility was assessed using an inclinometer through the Passive Straight Leg Raise (PSLR) test. Data were analysed using an independent t-test based on normality of distribution and homogeneity of variances.Results: The p-value was 0.321 for the right posterior thigh muscles and 0.927 for the left, indicating no statistically significant differences in flexibility between groups.Conclusions: The type of running surface did not demonstrate a measurable effect on posterior thigh muscle flexibility in the study population. The findings of this study underscore the importance of implementing targeted training programs aimed at both preventing injury and strengthening the posterior thigh muscles.
Purpose. The study was aimed to compare the physique, physical fitness, and kinematics of the V1 skating technique of high-level biathlete with different average distance speeds during the competitive season.Methods. The study involved 53 elite biathletes. Their physique and physical fitness indicators were assessed at the end of the preparatory period. The parameters of the V1 skating technique were recorded during competitions and normalized to a standard speed of 5.89 m/s. The average distance speed over the season was estimated using the regression residual from the relationship between the average race ranking and shooting accuracy.Results. Athletes with a higher seasonal distance speed demonstrated: a shorter free glide duration and a lower ratio of glide time to push-off duration, as well as a larger knee angle at pole plant and a bigger amplitude of vertical displacement of the body’s center of mass. This group also had higher body weight and muscle mass, lower maximum anaerobic power of the leg muscles, and a tendency towards better strength and aerobic capacity during upper-body work. After matching the groups for body weight and muscle mass, all statistical differences in skating kinematics disappeared. However, in the sample of faster biathletes (with the same weight), better anaerobic threshold was recorded.Conclusion. Biathletes with a better distance speed in competitions were characterized by lower “push-off activity” and lower horizontal speed loss per cycle, coupled with bigger vertical oscillations of the center of mass. The differences in kinematics appear to be largely determined by the difference in body and muscle mass.
Purpose of the study: to assess the consistency of MRI interpretations among radiologists with varying levels of expertise in working with athletes when evaluating MRIs of players with acute non-contact muscle injuries (ANСMI).Materials and methods. A retrospective review of MRI interpretation protocols for lower limb muscle injuries in adult professional football players from three prominent Russian Premier League football clubs was conducted. Reports were interpreted by general radiologists with limited experience in sports medicine (Group 1), whereas Group 2 comprised radiologists with over 10 years of experience in sports radiology. The reporting protocols included assessment of injury localization, grading of injury severity according to the respective classification system, identification of associated tendon injuries, and quantification of muscle edema volume.Results. Out of 130 primary ANСMI cases, the British Athletic Association classification system was used by Group 1 radiologists in only 14 (10.8 %) cases, while 20 (15.4 %) reports employed the Stoller classification. The remaining 96 (73.8 %) reports did not specify any classification system. Comparative analysis of interpretations by the two groups demonstrated agreement regarding anatomical injury locations in 61.5 % of all evaluated cases (80 out of 130). No statistically significant difference was observed in the mean edema volume assessments between the groups (p = 0.075). However, when evaluating intramuscular tendon involvement, identical assessments were seen by both groups in 67 cases (59.8 %), whereas discrepancies occurred in 45 cases (40.2 %). Cohen’s κ coefficient was 0.132, indicating weak agreement beyond chance.Conclusion. Significant variability was observed in defining the precise anatomical location of muscle injuries and in recognizing intramuscular tendon lesions between experienced sports radiologists and general radiologists without such expertise. To improve diagnostic accuracy in MRI evaluations of ANСMI within athletic populations, it is strongly recommended to involve radiologists with relevant specialization and sufficient clinical experience in sports medicine.
The aim of this study was to determine the morpho-anthropometric characteristics of the feet and lower limbs in long-distance runners and to assess the associations between foot type, medial longitudinal arch condition, and lower limb alignment.Materials and methods: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted including 308 runners (232 men and 76 women; mean age 38.2 ± 10.3 years). Anthropometric assessment was performed, along with determination of forefoot type, degree of flatfoot deformity, and lower limb alignment.Results: The Egyptian foot type was identified in 42.5% of athletes, the Greek type in 30.2 %, and the square type in 27.3 %. Grade I–II flatfoot was observed in 60.7 % of participants, with significant sex-related differences in the distribution of arch deformity severity. No significant associations were found between foot type, body mass index, and medial longitudinal arch condition. Varus lower limb alignment was detected in 13.0% of runners and showed no statistically significant association with foot type or flatfoot severity.Conclusion: Moderate degrees of arch flattening predominate among long-distance runners, while morphological foot characteristics appear relatively independent. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive morphotype assessment of the foot in sports medicine.
Objective. To evaluate the accuracy of blood lactate concentration measurements using three portable analyzers compared to a stationary reference instrument.Materials and methods. Capillary blood samples were collected from highly qualified athletes during staged comprehensive examinations under laboratory conditions. Blood lactate concentrations at rest and following incremental exercise tests on a ski ergometer, cycle ergometer or treadmill were determined using three portable lactate analyzers (Lactate Plus, YST and Eaglenos) and a semi-automatic photometric analyzer (BTS-350).Results. The limits of agreement for lactate measurements by the Lactate Plus, YST and Eaglenos analyzers compared to the reference instrument exceeded the acceptable interval set at ±2.1 mmol/L. All portable lactometers systematically underestimated lactate concentrations by 2.0–4.0 mmol/L relative to the reference analyzer, which critically distorts the assessment of exercise intensity. Standard errors of estimate of lactate concentration measurements across the entire range were 0.95, 0.63 and 0.91 mmol/L for Lactate Plus, YST and Eaglenos, respectively, and increased with rising blood lactate concentration.Conclusion. The portable lactometers examined cannot be recommended for accurate blood lactate measurement in athletes under field or laboratory conditions.
Objective: to investigate the association between the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene and hemoglobin oxygenation and its affinity for oxygen, as well as to assess the contribution of individual components of the oxygen transport system in young men depending on physical activity and the ACE gene polymorphism.Materials and methods: The study involved 201 young men aged 21 ± 2 years. Depending on their level of physical activity (PA), the subjects were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of student-athletes engaged in track and field (middle- and long-distance running) (n = 50). The second group comprised students with low PA (n = 151). General blood parameters were determined: total red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hematocrit (HTC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Additionally, oxygen tension at 50 % blood desaturation (p50), partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide (pO2 and pCO2), concentrations of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin (HbO2, HHb), and pH were measured. Hemodynamic parameters were assessed. DNA was extracted from blood lymphocytes using a sorbent-based method. Genotyping of samples was performed using real-time PCR.Results. Factor analysis revealed that the presence of the D allele of the ACE genotype determines an association between decreased PA levels and impaired oxygen saturation parameters, which increases the likelihood of adverse changes in the functional state of the cardiovascular system. In carriers of the I/I genotype, a decrease in PA level is associated with a reduction in the total respiratory surface of red blood cells without placing strain on the circulatory system.Conclusion. Differences in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen are genetically determined. In carriers of the D allele, hemoglobin oxygenation depends on the level of PA. In individuals with the I/I genotype of the ACE gene, a decrease in hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen, regardless of the intensity of muscular activity, ensures the body’s ability to maintain the necessary level of oxygen delivery to tissues.
Background. Despite several consensus statements proposed by expert groups, including those addressing terminology, numerous authors still use different terms to describe the same pathologies associated with groin pain in athletes. The diversity of definitions and etiologies of groin pain in athletes may lead to inconsistencies in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for athletes with groin pain syndrome.Objective. To review and analyze current literature in order to clarify the terminology of chronic groin pain in athletes used in clinical practice, and to define the term «sports hernia» in accordance with the most recent consensus on groin pain in athletes.Materials and methods. A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Springer, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify English-language articles describing the terminology related to chronic groin pain in athletes. The following search terms were used: «sports hernia», «athletic pubalgia», «groin pain syndrome» and «sportsman’s groin».Results. Four consensus statements proposed by various expert groups since 2014 were identified. Groin pain in athletes is most commonly classified within the category referred to as «sports hernia». The most frequently used terms include «sports hernia», «athletic pubalgia», «sportsman’s hernia» and «core muscle injury».Conclusion. Currently, the term «sports hernia» refers to an isolated weakness of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, without the presence of a true anatomical hernia, leading to chronic groin pain in athletes. Because the pain is not associated with a hernia in the conventional sense, this terminology can be confusing for clinicians. Professional communities should recognize the spectrum of symptoms associated with athletic groin pain and adopt a unified terminology based on anatomical, clinical, and pathophysiological principles.
Objective. To identify common patterns, patterns of morbidity and risk factors for injury among Paralympic athletes in summer sports on the resultsof study morbidity and injury of Russian Paralympic athletes at the 2024 Summer Paralympic Games in Paris.Materials and methods. Collection and analysis of data from medical protocols of doctors of the Russian national teams at the 2024 Paralympic Games in Paris, analysis of domestic and foreign literary sources.Results. The registry of diseases included 37 nosologies in 28 (31 % of the total number) Paralympic athletes. Most of the diseases had an acute onset and successful resolution on the background of the treatment. The exacerbation of chronic diseases was associated with competition conditions and high levels of physical and psycho‑emotional stress. Among the diseases, there were 13 cases (35.1 %) of pathology of the musculoskeletal system, 10 cases (27 %) of infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract, 4 cases (10.8 %) of digestive disorders, 6 cases (16.2 %) of disorders of the cardiovascular system, 3 cases (8.1%) of skin damage and 1 ear disease (2.7 %). 8 cases of sports injuries were registered: bruises — 4 cases (50 %), sprains — 3 cases (37.5 %), 1 fracture (12.5 %). In two cases, injuries led to restrictions in training activities, and in one case, to the termination of participation in competitions.Conclusions. Morbidity and injury rates among Russian Paralympic athletes at the 2024 Summer Paralympics in Paris correspond to the general pattern of morbidity and injury rates at other Paralympic Games in similar disciplines. Therapeutic, restorative and preventive measures at the stages of preparation and participation in the Games contribute to reducing potential risk and preventing morbidity and injury. The analysis carried out can help develop strategies for the prevention of morbidity and sports injuries at major international competitions such as the Paralympic Games.
Relevance. In the context of the implementation of the global strategy of the World Health Organization to reduce the prevalence of physical inactivity, research aimed at studying the factors affecting the physical activity of students is becoming relevant.The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between self-assessment of physical activity and morphofunctional indicators among students with the development of scientifically based recommendations.Materials and methods. The study involved 134 students (94 women and 40 men) born and living in the Republic of Karelia (18–22 years old). For a comprehensive examination, the following methods were used: questionnaires, measurement of body composition, functional diagnostics of the cardiovascular system, spirometry, hand dynamometry. Statistical data processing was performed using correlation analysis (Spearman’s criterion).Results. Statistically significant correlations were revealed between the questionnaire questions “weekly volume of intensive physical exercises”, “type and intensity of sports, physical exercises that the student does in his free time” and indicators of the respiratory system, body composition and strength parameters. According to the results of the analysis, the key indicators of physical activity associated with positive physiological changes are its type and intensity.Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the relationship between self-assessment of physical activity and morphofunctional indicators among students, and can be used to develop preventive programs in higher education in order to optimize physical education and wellness activities.
Purpose of the study: study of organization of sports training of young athletes with the aim of studying their psychological readiness for increased loads, taking into account the minimum age for starting sportsMaterials and methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2827 parents of children involved in sports, and 411 coaches participated in the survey. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics using Statistica‑10.0 and Microsoft Excel.Results. The respondents’ children most often participate in team sports (25.6 %), martial arts (23.0 %), complex coordination sports (18.9 %), and cyclical sports (16.8 %). Earlier sports initiation ages are typical for rhythmic gymnastics (4.1 ± 0.9 years), artistic gymnastics (4.8 ± 1.7 years), and hockey (4.9 ± 1.3 years). In terms of the number of hours per week devoted to training, complex coordination sports rank first (12.4 ± 8.1 hours). Children with competitive experience are noted to start sports earlier, have a greater number of training sessions, and have them last longer. 65.5 % of parents reported an increase in their child’s activity since starting sports, 19.6 % said their child became more attentive, and 12.3 % said their child became less capricious and more balanced. 86.0 % of respondents reported that their children suffered from colds less often.Conclusion. The survey data allowed for a preliminary assessment of the specifics of young athletes’ training, including the age at which children begin playing sports and certain aspects of the training process (class schedule, training hours). The data obtained demonstrate the need for a scientific study of the organization and conditions of young athletes’ sports training to substantiate criteria for assessing a child’s readiness for sports based on their physiological, physical, and psychological state, taking into account an in‑depth study of the minimum age for starting sports. This will promote the normal functioning of the child’s primary body systems and reduce the risk of developing health problems.
Modern orthotic insoles often fail to provide the necessary dynamic adaptation to the natural biomechanics of the foot. The rigid designs of traditional models limit physiologic mobility, which can lead to discomfort and progression of deformities. This determines the need to develop new solutions capable of adapting to the individual characteristics of the patient.Purpose of the study — development of an orthopedic insole of a new design for rehabilitation of patients with different types of flat feet.Materials and methods. The study was conducted using a comprehensive approach, including 3D modeling based on radiographic data, biomechanical analysis of load distribution, engineering calculations using CAD-systems, as well as clinical trials involving 163 patients. Podometrics, motiontracking and question2naire methods were used to evaluate the effectiveness.Results. A fundamentally new orthopedic insole design was developed, including five metal guides and a system of dampers. Clinical trials showed that 98 % of patients reported improved walking comfort and 88.9 % improved foot stability. The design provides physiologic load distribution, reducing the impact on the joints and spine.Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the promising application of this development in clinical practice. The development opens new opportunities in orthopedics, combining accurate anatomical support with dynamic correction of movements.
Purpose of the study: This study aims to analyze rosella flower extract supplementation on blood glucose levels after physical activity.Methods: This experimental research uses a pre and post control group design. Subjects were selected using purposive sampling technique. A total of 20 healthy men aged 19–25 years participated in this study and were divided into two groups, namely group K1 with placebo and K2 with rosella flower extract at a dose of 500 mg. Data collection begins with collecting data on subject characteristics. Next, the subjects were asked to warm up and do physical activity in the form of running 2400 meters with moderate intensity. One hour after running 2400 meters, the subject took a pre-test blood draw to measure blood glucose levels. Then the samples were given supplementation intervention based on their respective groups, K1 by giving a placebo and K2 by giving rosella flower extract at a dose of 500 mg. 60 minutes after administering the supplementation intervention, the subject underwent a post-test blood draw.Results: The results of this study showed that there was no decrease in blood sugar levels in either the control or treatment groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion: It can be concluded that administering rosella flower extract after physical exercise does not have a significant effect on reducing postexercise blood glucose levels.
Purpose of the study: This study examined the immediate and long-term effects of anti-pronation insoles on gait characteristics in young adults with flexible flatfoot compared with healthy controls.Methods: Twenty-four participants (12 flatfoot, 12 controls) underwent gait analysis under barefoot and shod conditions using a 3D motion system. The flatfoot group wore custom anti-pronation insoles during testing and continued daily use for six weeks. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and MANOVA.Results: At baseline, the flatfoot group showed significant temporal differences, including prolonged opposite foot off and reduced single support duration (p < 0.05). Short-term insole use led to partial improvements, while post-intervention assessments demonstrated significant increases in step and stride length and normalization of stance-phase timing (p < 0.05). Cadence, walking speed, and step time remained unchanged.Conclusion: Anti-pronation insoles produced both immediate and sustained improvements in gait timing and spatial characteristics in individuals with flexible flatfoot. Importantly, these benefits emerged not only after a single session but also following six weeks of use, underscoring the adaptive potential of long-term intervention. While gait velocity and cadence were unaffected, improvements in step and stride length and stance-phase dynamics suggest enhanced stability and efficiency. These findings support anti-pronation insoles as a conservative and clinically relevant strategy for restoring gait mechanics in individuals with flatfoot.
The aim: to study the age dynamics of the cardiovascular system (CVS) indicators and autonomic homeostasis in young athletes aged 5–7 years with different types of autonomic regulation.Materials and methods. The study involved 260 young athletes (hockey, football, artistic gymnastics, alpine skiing) aged 5–7 years. The examination included the measurement of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), active orthostatic test with recording of rhythmocardiogram in the supine and standing positions. The type of autonomic regulation (AR) was determined according to the method of N. I. Shlyk.Results. In athletes with normal AR (I and III), from 5 to 7 years of age, heart rate decreases (by 5–8 %), systolic and pulse blood pressure increase (by 5–14 %), diastolic blood pressure does not change, and autonomic reactivity to orthostasis increases at 7 years of age. In children with type I, the highest rates of autonomous (30.8–40.1 %) and the lowest rates of central regulation (11.2–19.8 %) in the prone position were recorded at 7 years of age, in athletes with type III — at 6 years of age (12.2–40.2 %). In athletes with dysregulatory types AR (II and IV) in the period from 5 to 7 years, the dynamics of blood pressure, on the contrary, is provided by an increase in diastolic blood pressure (by 7–8 %), vegetative reactivity to orthostasis increases at 6 years of age. Type II is characterized by the lowest activity of autonomous regulation at rest at the age of 6, and type IV is characterized by a directed decrease in the excessive activity of autonomous regulation from 5 to 7 years.Conclusion. The type of AR is an additional criterion for the adaptation of a child’s body to training at the sports and health stage and for predicting the prospects of young athletes. The age of 6 for young athletes is a period of the greatest risk of developing abnormalities in the system of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity, with an increase in the frequency of dysregulatory types.
Objective: to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes of different surgical approaches in patients with multiligamentous knee injuries (MLKI) classified as Schenck type III (III‑L and III‑M).Materials and methods. A retrospective comparative study included 43 patients with chronic knee instability following Schenck type III MLKI. Based on the surgical intervention performed, patients were divided into three groups: single‑stage reconstruction of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL + PCL) without posterolateral corner (PLC) repair; single‑stage reconstruction of the ACL + PCL with PLC repair; and a two‑stage reconstruction group, where the first stage involved PCL and PLC reconstruction, followed by ACL reconstruction 6 months later. Outcomes were evaluated using IKDC and Lysholm scores, as well as stress radiography results.Results. The two‑stage approach (Group 3) demonstrated significantly better outcomes according to IKDC and Lysholm scores (p < 0.01), improved stability on stress radiographs, and lower complication rates. Notably, 4 patients from Group 3 declined ACL reconstruction due to satisfactory functional recovery after the first stage.Conclusion: The study findings demonstrate that for chronic multiligament knee injuries (Schenck type III), a two‑stage surgical strategy offers superior outcomes compared to single‑stage interventions. Staging the reconstruction of posterior and anterior structures not only improves functional scores and joint stability but also prevents excessive surgical trauma. Notably, satisfactory functional restoration is achieved in some patients after the first stage (PCL and PLC reconstruction) alone, rendering the second stage unnecessary. Therefore, a personalized two‑stage approach is the preferred strategy, ensuring optimal clinical results and high patient satisfaction.
Aim: compare the indicators of body component composition obtained using «smart scales» with the values calculated using standard formulas based on anthropometry data.Materials and methods: 60 people (37 girls, 23 boys) were examined. The data obtained on measurements of skin fold thickness, girths and diameters, as well as information on body composition obtained using two «smart scale» models, were tabulated and further processed.Results: when measuring body composition using two «smart scales» models and anthropometric formulas, male participants showed statistically significant differences in muscle mass (formulas — 46.67 % ± 1.06 %, OCOC — 38.80 % ± 1.46 %, PICOOC — 40.13 % ± 1.6 %; p<0.01), bone mass (formulas — 12.3 % ± 0.4 %, OKOK — 4.3 % ± 0.1 %, PICOOC — 4.37 % ± 0.13 %; p < 0.01), fat mass (formulas — 12.47 % ± 0.68 %, OKOK — 25.41 % ± 1.76 %, PICOOC — 23.17 % ± 1.74 %; p < 0.01) and the rate of basic metabolism (formulas — 1948.7 ± 48.5 kcal, OCOC — 1675.5 ± 50.8 kcal, PICOOC — 1718.2 ± 47.6 kcal; p < 0.01). There were also found significant differences in muscle mass (formulas — 50.36 % ± 0.66 %, OKOK — 39.51 % ± 1.17 %, PICOOC — 39.86 % ± 1.38 %; p < 0.01), bone mass (formulas — 9.4 % ± 0.18 %, OKOK — 5.11 % ± 0.07 %, PICOOC — 4.72 ± 0.07 %; p < 0.01) and fat mass (formulas — 15.86 ± 0.51 %, OCOC — 24.99 ± 0.99 %, PICOOC — 23.16 ± 0.89 %; p < 0.01) in women, however no statistically significant differences in the rate of basic metabolism were found (p > 0.05). There are also discrepancies in the bone mass indices of women obtained from different weight models (OCOC — 5.11 % ± 0.07 %, PICOOC — 4.72 ± 0.07 %; p < 0.05).Conclusion: the discrepancies obtained indicate the need for further research to determine the accuracy of the methods used. Despite the availability of «smart scales» and anthropometric formulas for determining the component composition of a body, it is worthwhile combining several methods for determining the component composition of a body in order to eliminate a systematic error.
The analysis of the publication activity of Russian specialists in sports medicine is relevant due to the requirements of various leading scientific and educational organizations regarding scientometric indicators, key among which are the Hirsch index, the number of publications, and citations in leading databases.The purpose of the conducted study was to assess the scientific productivity of researchers affiliated with Russian scientific, medical, and educational institutions where employees potentially interested in sports medicine may work. For this, scientometric indicators of authors of the journal “Sports Medicine: Science and Practice,” faculty members of specialized departments in higher education institutions (universities), and doctors of sports teams competing in professional sports leagues were studied in the Scopus database.Based on the analysis, a ranking of the top 50 specialists with the highest Hirsch index was formed. The leader among universities was Sechenov University (6 specialists), one specialist from the university of St. Petersburg (Pavlov University). The Hirsch index of these researchers ranged from 7 to 12, with three of them having an index of more than 10. The conducted analysis of publication activity showed that the number of Russian specialists in the field of sports medicine with a Hirsch index and citation count in international databases meeting global standards remains comparatively small.
Purpose of the study: To determine the effects of physical exercise resistance training and aerobic exercise on Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in women with a sedentary lifestyle.Methods: Thirty-three female respondents with sedentary lifestyle were randomly selected and divided into three groups: resistance training group (n = 11), aerobic training group (n = 11), and control group (n = 11). Study participants were between 18 and 26 years old. Data collection took place over the course of two days, beginning with the collection of information regarding the characteristics of the subjects. Before the exercise, the subjects had their blood drawn as pre-test data. The subjects were then instructed to warm up. Then, the subjects performed physical exercises according to their group. After the exercise intervention, blood samples were taken as post-test data.Results: The data showed that training significantly increased IGF-1 levels in resistance training group (p = 0.012).Conclusion: acute resistance exercise has the potential to raise IGF-1 levels. Growth hormone’s effects are mediated by IGF-1, which is also essential for controlling somatic growth and organ development, including brain. Resistance training can be recommended as an alternative exercise for people with a sedentary lifestyle to improve cognitive function.
Purpose of the study: The study of the reaction of the blood microcirculation system in the upper extremities during physical activity (PA) in short-track athletes of different skill levels.Materials and methods: The study involved male short-track skaters: 5 athletes aged 14–16 years, with a sports qualification level of 3–2 ranks, 6 athletes aged 14–16 years, with a sports qualification level of 1 rank, and 6 athletes aged 16–18 years, with a sports qualification level Candidate Master of Sports (СMS). The young athletes performed a controlled anaerobic physical load on a cycle ergometer for 3 minutes at a pedal rotation rate of 60 revolutions per minute. The load was set at 3 % of body weight. For athletes with 3rd and 2nd ranks, the load was 1.3 ± 0.2 kg, for those with 1st rank, it was 1.6 ± 0.4 kg, and for Candidate Master of Sports, it was 1.8 ± 0.2 kg.Blood microcirculation was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. The index of microcirculation (Im), nutritive blood flow (Mnutr), and spectral components of the LDF signal were analyzed. Changes in the asymmetry coefficient of the parameters before and after PA were evaluated.Results: Both before and after physical activity, Im and Mnutr were higher in the right forearm. The coefficient of asymmetry for Im and Mnutr decreased for all groups after physical activity, while the asymmetry in the amplitude of fluctuations in regulatory mechanisms increased as the rank of athletes increased, indicating the development of local mechanisms to support hemodynamic stability in the body as skill level increased. Maximum changes were noted for Im, Mnutr, and myogenic oscillations amplitudes, indicating high vascular reactivity and effective redistribution of blood flow to nutritive channels to provide cells with oxygen and nutrients, particularly for Candidates Master of Sports, indicating better adaptation to physical activity.Conclusion: Obtained data confirm the existence of functional asymmetry in microcirculation, which decreases under the influence of physical activity. Athletes with a higher level of training demonstrate better adaptive abilities. These results can be used to optimize training processes by taking into account functional asymmetries.
