Background: Reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) and minimizing sedative use among critically ill patients can significantly decrease complications, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and mortality. Accordingly, integrating non-pharmacologic interventions such as reflexology has gained increasing attention in critical care nursing practice. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of foot reflexology on physiological parameters and mechanical ventilation weaning time among patients undergoing open-heart surgery (OHS). Subjects and Method: A quasi-experimental design was utilized. A convenience sample of 80 OHS patients admitted to the Cardiothoracic ICU at Elnasr Hospital, Port Said, and the Cardiothoracic Center ICU at Mansoura University Hospital was included. Tools: Tool I: Health Profile Assessment to collect socio-demographic and health-related data. Tool II: Physiological Parameters and MV Weaning Time Assessment to evaluate the effects of foot reflexology on physiological parameters and MV weaning time. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the pre and post group test regarding all measured physiological parameters (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant reduction in MV weaning time was observed in the pre and post group test (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Foot reflexology is an effective complementary intervention that enhances physiological parameters and reduces ventilator dependence among OHS patients. Recommendations: Incorporating reflexology into routine ICU care and providing training programs for critical care nurses on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions are strongly recommended.
Background: Metacognitive competency is increasingly recognized as a foundational element in enhancing nurses’ clinical reasoning and decision-making ability. Understanding how nurses’ metacognitive skills influence their decision-making processes is essential for improving care quality and patient safety within healthcare organizations. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between metacognitive competency and nurses’ decision-making ability in healthcare organizations. Subjects and Method: Design: Descriptive correlational design was used in the current study. Setting: The study conducted at Mansoura University Hospital in El Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, which provides a wide variety of healthcare services. Subjects: included all nurses working at the Main Hospital of Mansoura University, totaling 270 staff nurses. Tools: Two tools used for data collection consisted of; Metacognitive Awareness Inventory, The Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing Scale. Results: 56.7% demonstrated high metacognitive competency, 72.6% of them showed moderate levels of decision-making. A statistically significant positive relationship was observed between the total metacognitive competency and total decision-making ability (r = .653, p < .001). Conclusion: metacognitive competency is a strong and significant predictor of nurses’ decision-making performance. Recommendation: Develop educational program can help nurses improve their metacognition competency, Conduct further research to identify factors influencing nurses’ metacognition competency.
Background: Lung injury in mechanically ventilated patients often leads to impaired gas exchange, decreased lung compliance, and hemodynamic instability. Chest physiotherapy and lung recruitment maneuvers are common strategies to enhance airway clearance, improve ventilation, and optimize oxygenation. However, their effects on hemodynamic status remain a subject of clinical concern, particularly in critically ill patients. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect Chest physiotherapy and lung recruitment maneuvers on the hemodynamics of mechanically ventilated patients with lung injuries. Design: A quasi-experimental one group pre-post study design was utilized. Subjects and Methods: A purposive sample of 77 mechanically ventilated patients diagnosed with lung injury was included according to predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients received a standardized intervention protocol consisting of chest physiotherapy followed by lung recruitment maneuvers. Hemodynamic parameters, including heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation, were measured before, and thirty minutes after following the intervention Settings: The study was conducted at the Egyptian Healthcare Authority hospitals. Tools: two tools used the clinically ill patients' clinical profile and lung injury mechanically ventilated patient assessment. Results: Patients who received CPT and LRMs demonstrated statistically significant improvement in oxygenation indicators (PaO₂ increased by 18%) and (PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio improved by 22%) several hemodynamic parameters also showed significant changes (p<0.05) while remaining within clinically acceptable range. Conclusion: The intervention are effective in improving hemodynamics and respiratory function in mechanically ventilated patients with lung injuries Recommendation: routine use of CPT and LRMs is recommended.
Background: Adhering to Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) treatment regimens involves taking prescribed medications, regularly monitoring oneself, maintaining a nutritious diet, and engaging in physical activity. However, not all patients consistently follow these self-management practices, leading to negative health consequences. Aim: This study aimed to explore the relationship between self-reported barriers and treatment adherence to injectable medications among patients with type 2 diabetes. Subjects and Method: Design: Descriptive correlational design was used. Setting: The study conducted at the outpatient clinics at Port Said selected hospitals namely Al-Salam Hospital, Al-Nasr, El-Hayah Port Fouad Hospital, and El-Zohour Hospital, affiliated with the Egyptian health care authority in Port Said governorate, Egypt. Subjects: included a purposive sample of 147 T2DM patients who attending to outpatient clinics in the study setting hospitals. Tools: Three tools used for data collection consisted of; Patient's Assessment sheets, The Chinese version MMAS-8 scale and the Perceived Barriers to Medication Adherence. The Results: 73.5% of the studied patients demonstrated low adherence to injectable medications, while 53.7% of them experienced high levels of perceived barriers, also there was a highly significant association found between medication adherence and the perceived barriers to medication adherence among the studied patients (p<0.001). Conclusion: most of the studied patients demonstrated low adherence to their injectable medications and reported barriers to medication adherence with highly significant relationship between the two variables. Recommendations: Conduct behavioral and educational interventions in improving treatment adherence and glycemic outcomes among type 2 diabetic patients.
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease that markedly impairs functional status and quality of life. Insufficient knowledge of the disease and its management is linked to increased pain severity and greater functional disability. Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of a cohesive nursing care model on enhancing knowledge, reducing pain, and improving functional status among patients with RA. Design: Two-group quasi-experimental. Setting: Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine Department and its affiliated outpatient clinic, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Egypt. Subject: A purposive sample of 90 patients diagnosed with Rheumatoid arthritis. Tools: Tool 1, a demographic and clinical data sheet. Tool II: Patients' Knowledge Questionnaire. Tool III: Pain severity assessment using the Visual Analog Scale. Tool IV: Functional status assessment using the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index. Results: Patients' knowledge levels significantly improved, with good knowledge reported by 68.9% and 66.7% of the study group at one and three months post-intervention, respectively, compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Pain severity scores were also significantly reduced in the study group. In addition, improved functional status was reflected in a statistically significant decrease in functional disability scores. Conclusion: Applying the cohesive nursing care model-based education contributed to significantly improved knowledge levels, reduced pain, and improved functional status among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Recommendations: Application of a cohesive nursing care model-based structured educational sessions as a routine component of care for all patients with rheumatoid arthritis is recommended.
Background: Metacognitive competency is considered a fundamental component of many essential skills in nursing education. Self-regulated learning, on the other hand, is an active and constructive process through which learners establish learning goals and subsequently monitor, regulate, and control their cognition, motivation, and behaviors in accordance with these goals and environmental conditions. Aim: This study aims to investigate the relationship between metacognitive competency and self-regulated learning among nursing students. Subjects and Method: Design: A descriptive correlational research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at the Al-Azhar Technical Institute of Nursing in New Damietta, affiliated with Al-Azhar University. Subjects: The study included A convenience sample of 300 nursing students enrolled in the fourth and fifth academic levels. Tools: Data were collected using two tools Namely, the Metacognitive Competency Questionnaire and the Self-Regulated Learning Scale for Clinical Nursing Practice (SRLS-CNP). Results: The findings revealed that the highest percentages of the studied nursing students (64% and 66%, respectively) demonstrated moderate levels of metacognitive competency and self-regulated learning. Conclusion: The study found a statistically significant positive relationship between nursing students' metacognitive competency and their self-regulated learning. Recommendations: Educational and training programs should be developed and implemented to enhance nursing students' metacognitive competency and self-regulated learning skills. Additionally, further research is recommended to explore the influence of contextual and educational factors on the development of metacognitive competency and self-regulated learning among nursing students.
Background: Chronic kidney disease stands out for its rising global burden and negative consequences on patients' quality of life and form a burden on health systems to deliver effective care. Aim to evaluate effect educational programs on uremic pruritus and sleep disturbance for patients with end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis Sample A purposive sample of hemodialysis patients receiving treatment at the study sites.. Research design: A quasi-experimental with pre- post-intervention, and follow-up was adopted. Setting: Data were gathered across three hemodialysis units operating under the Universal Health Insurance Authority in Port Said Governorate, Egypt. Data collection tools: Five structured instruments were employed in three directed at patients. Results: the study revealed that 53.5% of the studied patients were at age group 40 to less than 60 years, 57.6 % were male. and 49,5 % were employed. The result displayed that 83.8 % of studied patients had total poor knowledge in pre intervention. While it reached to 0.0 %in post intervention phase. About 81.8% of studied patients had moderate to severe uremic pruritus in pre- intervention phase compared to 44.4% post- intervention phase while it reached to 1.0 % in follow-up phases. Conclusion: The study concludes that most of studied patients had poor knowledge in pre intervention with marked improvement after program implementation and follow-up. there was these were statistically significant differences in pre/post intervention phase regarding pruritus Moreover, these were statistically significant differences in sleep characteristics among studied patients through pre-post and follow up phases of intervention regarding sleep disorders. These findings highlight the need for further investigation with larger, controlled samples to clarify the magnitude and durability of nursing-led interventions in this population. Recommendations: Targeted health education initiatives specifically addressing the recognition and self-management of uremic pruritus ought to be systematically developed and integrated into routine nephrology nursing care.
Background: Educational sessions focused on coping strategies are essential for supporting family caregivers of patients. They can help reduce the burden of care and enhance their ability to manage their hemodialysis patients' care. Aim: To evaluate the effect of an educational session about coping strategies on the burden of care among family caregivers of hemodialysis patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental design utilizing assessments was conducted in hemodialysis units across hospitals in Port Said City. A Purposive sample of 75 family caregivers was enrolled. Data was collected using two main tools: the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Inventory, along with a structured questionnaire addressing caregivers’ and patients’ demographic characteristics. Results: The findings demonstrated marked improvement following the educational sessions. Caregivers’ knowledge improved substantially, with good knowledge reaching 75.0% post-sessions compared to 1.3% pre-sessions, while poor knowledge was reported in 33.5% post-sessions versus 62.6% pre-sessions. Caregiver burden was alleviated, with severe burden reported by 16.0% post-sessions compared to 33.3% pre-sessions, and no burden increased from 5.3% to 12.0%. Additionally, the mean total burden score improved from 53.67 ± 12.23 to 38.45 ± 10.87. Coping strategies also improved across all domains, with the total mean coping score reaching 2.79 ± 0.60 post-sessions compared to 1.97 ± 0.67 pre-sessions. Furthermore, caregivers’ knowledge was positively correlated with coping skills both pre- (r = 0.563, p = 0.000) and post-sessions (r = 0.602, p = 0.000). Conclusion: Educational sessions had a significant positive effect on improving caregivers’ knowledge, reducing caregiver burden, and enhancing coping strategies among family caregivers of hemodialysis patients. These findings highlight the effectiveness of structured educational interventions in supporting caregivers and improving their ability to manage caregiving demands. Recommendation: Implement regular educational sessions for caregivers and conduct further research using larger samples and diverse settings to strengthen the study results.
Background: Nurse Leadership and personality traits play an important role in shaping the implementation of green human resource management practices, which have become essential for supporting environmental sustainability in healthcare organizations. Aim: Study aimed to explore the correlation between nurse managers’ four colors of leadership and nurses’ perception of green human resource management policies at Port Said hospitals. Subjects and Methods: A descriptive correlational design was used. The study was conducted at As-Salam, Al Nasr and Al-Zohour Hospitals in Port Said and included all nurse managers (n = 69) and a sample of staff nurses (n = 269). Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, including the True Colors Assessment for Nurse Managers and the Green Human Resource Management Scale for staff nurses. Results: Nurse showed moderate to high perception of green human resource management practice (68%), with green compensation rated highest (83%)and green sustainability lowest (49%). Nurse Managers’ personality, the orange personality was the most dominant (50%), hospital setting and experience and previous training courses were significant predictors of total score green human resource (p <0.001, 0.018, 0.009). Conclusion: The findings highlight that organizational context and nurse managers’ personality characteristics have a greater influence on nurses’ perception of green HRM practices than individual demographic factors, emphasizing the importance of leadership and institutional support in promoting sustainability. Recommendation: Strengthening leadership support and institutional commitment is recommended to enhance the successful implementation of ecological human resource management practices
Background: Visual impairment affects eye functioning and can limit daily activities, social participation, and overall well-being. Health and educational support are essential to enhance students’ quality of life. Aim: This study aimed to assess the quality of life among students with visual impairments at El-Nour School, Port Said City. Sample: All students enrolled in the study setting (n= 50). Research design: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was conducted among all students who met the inclusion criteria. Setting: the study was conducted at El Nour school, Port Said City. Data collection tools: Data were collected using two tools: Tool 1: Structured Interview Questionnaire, consisting of: Part 1: Sociodemographic characteristics. Part 2: Student and family medical history. Tool 2: World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF scale to assess students’ quality of life across physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. Results: approximately 70.0% of students reported a moderate quality of life in the physical, 74.0% in psychological, and overall domains about 64.0% of students, while 44.0% experienced a high quality of life in the social and 50.0% in environmental domains. Visual impairment generally develops early in life, about 44.0% of causes were hereditary. Around 46.0% of the students used corrective glasses, and 36.0% of students had undergone surgical treatment. Significant differences were observed across all domains (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Visually impaired students had a moderate level of quality of life, with relatively better social and environmental well-being. Early-onset hereditary visual impairments were predominant among the students. Recommendations: Tailored health education and rehabilitation programs, continuous psychological support, enhanced school accessibility, and strengthened social support through peers, families, and community initiatives are recommended to improve students’ overall well-being.
Background: Humble leadership is widely recognized as a critical driver of knowledge sharing within healthcare organizations. By demonstrating humility, leaders cultivate an atmosphere of trust and open communication, which in turn enhances employees’ willingness to exchange information and engage in collaborative practices essential for organizational learning and performance. Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between humble leadership and knowledge sharing among nurses in healthcare organizations. Subjects and Method: Design: A descriptive correlational design was used. Setting: The study conducted at Baltim Specialized Hospital, Kafr Elsheikh Governorate, affiliated with Specialized Medical Centers Authority, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt. Subjects: A convenience sample of available nurses of 215nurses participated in the study. Tools: Data were collected, Leader Humility Questionnaire, and Knowledge-Sharing Behavior Scale. Results: The majority of the studied nurses demonstrated a moderate level of humble leadership (54.0%), and most participants reported of Knowledge Sharing a good level (65.1). Conclusion: A statistically significant correlation was found between nurses’ perceptions of humble leadership and their overall level of knowledge sharing. This finding indicates that humble leadership plays a pivotal role in facilitating knowledge exchange within nursing practice. Recommendations: Healthcare organizations should promote a culture of humility among nursing leaders to strengthen trust and open communication, thereby encouraging nurses to share their knowledge, experiences.
Background: Organizational agility, the capacity to react swiftly and successfully to change, is essential for adaptability, and its link to job enrichment and vocational empowerment significantly enhances nurses’ motivation and professional effectiveness. Aim: The study aims to explore the relationship between organizational agility, job enrichment, and vocational empowerment from nurses’ perspectives. Subjects and method: This study was carried out using a descriptive correlational design. The study subjects comprised 222 nurses working at Damietta General Hospital. Tools of data collection: Three instruments were used in the data collection process: An organizational agility, job enrichment, and vocational empowerment. Result: Almost two-thirds of the nurses believed organizational agility was limited. In the same line, the majority of the nurses under study had a low level of job enrichment. Likewise, more than two-thirds of the nurses studied had low vocational empowerment. Conclusion: The study showed a highly statistically significant relationship among organizational agility, job enrichment, and vocational empowerment. Recommendation: Training programs and workshops should be conducted for nurses to comprehend what organizational agility is and how it is applied within the workplace. Additionally, training sessions should be done to raise awareness about the concept of job enrichment and vocational empowerment
Background: Depression often co-occurs with rumination, reduced resilience, and suicidal ideation, impairing emotional regulation and coping. Rumination exacerbates depressive symptoms, whereas resilience serves as a protective factor for adaptive adjustment. Examining interactions among these variables, alongside demographic and clinical factors, is crucial for advancing mental health interventions. Aim: This study sought to explore the relation between rumination, resilience, and suicidal ideation among depressed patients. Subjects and Method: The study used a descriptive correlational research design. The study subjects included 142 depressed patients of psychiatric outpatient clinics and inpatient units of two hospitals, Demira Mental Health Hospital and Port Said Psychiatric Health Hospital and Addiction Treatment. The necessary data collected by using four structured interview schedules. TOOL I: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), TOOL II: Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), TOOL III: The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, TOOL IV: Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, and socio-demographic and clinical data sheet. Results: The study found that most depressed patients of psychiatric outpatient clinics and inpatient units had moderate levels of depression, rumination, and resilience and a low level of suicidal ideation. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between rumination, depression, and suicidal ideation, while resilience revealed a negative correlation with both rumination and depression. It was noted that age, marital status, income, suicidal ideation, and attempts were significantly associated with the depression level. In addition, suicidal ideation and attempts were significantly associated with the rumination level. While the previous suicidal ideation and hospital admission were significantly associated with higher suicidal ideation. Conclusion and Recommendations: It can be derived that rumination and depression were significantly associated with suicidal ideation, whereas resilience showed a negative but nonsignificant association with suicidal ideation. The study recommended developing resilience-enhancing programs, teaching patients rumination reduction techniques, and early screening of suicide and prevention through crisis intervention, and safe coping alternatives.
Background: Feelings of loneliness and the extent to which older adults believe they can influence their own lives are among the most significant psychosocial factors affecting their well-being. As populations age worldwide, greater attention is needed to understand how these experiences shape daily life. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of loneliness and locus of control on the quality of life among the elderly. Subjects and Methods: This research was designed as a descriptive study. One hundred and twenty-year-old adults aged sixty years or more were intentionally selected to participate. The study took place in two governmental geriatric homes that provide care and social support for elderly residents. Information for the present study was obtained using three data collection tools: The Structured Interviewing Questionnaire, which is divided into two main sections: Section I: Personal Data and Section II: the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, the Locus of Control Scale, and the Older People’s Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results: The findings showed that about 35% of the participants reported elevated feelings of loneliness, while 48.3% reported a moderate level. and it was found that loneliness was strongly inversely related to life satisfaction. In contrast, a sense of control was moderately positively linked to quality of life, suggesting that individuals with a greater sense of personal control tend to enjoy better well-being. Further regression analysis further indicated that loneliness negatively predicted quality of life, whereas an internal sense of control contributed positively to its outcomes. Conclusion: Loneliness has a harmful effect on the quality of life of older adults, whereas possessing an internal locus of control enhances their overall well-being. Moreover, higher education level, sufficient income, and co-residence with family members were significant socio-demographic factors associated with improved outcomes. Recommendations: Implement programs and initiatives for the elderly population aimed at reducing loneliness and encouraging social engagement to enhance their well-being.
Background: The long-term neurological condition known as multiple sclerosis (MS) impacts on physical and cognitive function, often leading to significant disability. Understanding how frequency of relapses and variations in physical and cognitive performance interact is essential for improving patient outcomes and guiding individualized care strategies. Subjects and Method: Design: The research design used was descriptive correlation. Setting: the research carried out in Al-Azhar University Hospital's neurology department and clinic of multiple sclerosis in Damietta, Egypt. sample: A convenient sample of 150 MS patients of both sexes participated in the study. Tools: The Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite Scale was a tool for assessing physical and cognitive functions, consist of three parts: part I: Timed 25-foot walk description: that measure lower extremity function and ambulation, part II: 9-hole peg test description that measure upper extremity (hand and arm) function, and part III: Paced auditory serial addition test that measure of cognitive function, enabling the assessment of concentration, speed of auditory information processing, flexibility and calculation, tool retranslated in to Arabic to ensure clarity .in addition to sociodemographic characteristics, that retranslated in to Arabic to ensure clarity. The Results: According to the current study's findings, 53.3% of the patients were females, and 81.3% of the patients were older than 40 years. The nine-hole peg test, the 25-foot walk and cognitive performance, all showed positive correlations with a P value of 0.00. Physical performance that assessed by the Timed 25-Foot Walk and Nine-Hole Peg Test was related significantly with disease duration, frequency of clinic visits, and the presence of chronic comorbidities. Furthermore, cognitive function is related significantly with clinical follow-ups and chronic disease presence. Conclusion: there was a strong positive association between multiple sclerosis patients' cognitive and physical abilities. Recommendations: Designing and implementing continuous multidisciplinary care approaches about healthy lifestyle and Patient education as diet, exercise, rest and sleep to reduce relapse frequency and maintain quality of life.
Background: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG), also known as a heart bypass. The patient face changes and difficulties after the procedure and need educational intervention to improve knowledge, mental wellbeing, healthy lifestyle behavior and self-esteem. Aim: This study was to evaluate impact of a structured educational intervention on patients’ knowledge, mental well-being, healthy lifestyle behavior, and self-esteem after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Design: A quasi-experimental one-group, pre-post-test, and one-month follow-up test, design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at outpatient cardiology clinic at Fayoum University. Subjects: Convenient sample of 85 patients after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Four tools of data collection were used; 1) Pre structured self-administrated questionnaire. It includes socio-demographic data, patients’ knowledge assessment regarding definition, indications, duration for recovery, duration for rib healing. 2) The World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index to measure mental well-being. 3) Healthy Life Style Behavior Scale to assess health promoting behaviors. 4) Self-esteem Scale to measure both positive and negative feelings about the self. Results: Most of the patients after CABG were aged 50 years or more with a mean age of 38.46 ± 8.67 years, the majority of patients were males, the most prevalent condition of risk factors was hypertension, and highly statistically significant improvement were observed between pre and post phases for all knowledge items, mental well-being, all domains of healthy lifestyle behavior, and self-esteem levels. Conclusions: Implementing a structured educational intervention has a significant positive effect on improving knowledge, mental well-being, healthy lifestyle behavior, and self-esteem level. Recommendation: Pre-operative workshops are essential for educating patients on promoting mental well-being, healthy lifestyle behaviors, and self-esteem.
Background: The growth of achievement motivation among nursing students is facilitated by peer support. Peers boost students' drive to succeed academically and clinically by providing them with academic, social, and emotional assistance that makes them feel appreciated and encouraged. Aim: This study aims to explore the relationship between peer support and achievement motivation between students at technical secondary schools of nursing. Methods: Design: A descriptive cross-sectional correlational research design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at two technical secondary nursing schools in Port Said Governorate, namely: Port Said EI-Namozagia School and EL-Nasr School. Subjects: The study sample consisted of 277 nursing students. Tools: Data were collected using two validated instruments: the Peer Support Questionnaire and the Achievement Motivation Scale. The Results: The findings indicated that 83.4% of students stated a high level of peer support, and 90.3% showed a high level of achievement motivation. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between peer support and achievement motivation. Conclusion: Peer support has a positive and significant impact on achievement motivation among nursing students. Recommendations: The study recommends the development and implementation of structured peer support programs in nursing schools to strengthen students’ academic engagement, sense of belonging, and motivation to achieve, ultimately enhancing both academic performance and emotional well-being.
Background: nomophobia is the widespread fear of being cut off from one's cell phone has grown in frequency. Nursing students may be more vulnerable to its psychological effects because of the rigorous nature of their coursework and clinical rotations. The correlation between social interaction anxiety and nomophobia may be mediated or exacerbated by loneliness, examining this relationship is essential to comprehending how these interconnected elements impact nursing students' mental health and to guide the development of focused care plans. Aim: To This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Loneliness, Nomophobia and Social interaction Anxiety among nursing students. Design: A descriptive correlational design was employed. Subjects: A purposive sample of 300 nursing students participated in the present research. Study Setting: Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University, Egypt. Tools: self-administered questionnaire about demographic data, Nomophobia Questionnaire, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. Results: Above three quarters of nursing students experienced nomophobia ranging from moderate to severe level, most of the participant students reported moderate levels of loneliness, and two fifths of nursing students had moderate levels of loneliness. Nomophobia had a highly significant positive correlation with both loneliness and social interaction anxiety. Also, loneliness was strongly positive correlated with social interaction anxiety. Conclusion: Loneliness mediated the relationship between social interaction anxiety and nomophobia. Recommendations: Educate the students about the dangers of nomophobia and encourage responsible technology use by planning workshops, awareness campaigns, and curriculum integration of digital health education.
