Introduction. The article presents a theoretical analysis and the results of an empirical study examining the psychological characteristics of student attitudes toward abortion. The aim of this article is to identify distinctive characteristics of student attitudes toward abortion in the context of ideological attitudes and moral foundations. The object of this study is the socio-psychological characteristics of student attitudes toward abortion. The subject of the study is the relationship between ideological attitudes and moral foundations and attitudes toward abortion among students and adults.Materials and methods. Sample 1. Students of Moscow universities (N = 95; 45 % boys, 54 % girls), Sample 2. Adults (N = 99; 51 % men, 49 % women), aged 30 to 68 years (M = 42.5; SD = 9.30). The methodological basis is the Theory of Moral Foundations and the concept of Social Beliefs. Psychodiagnostic tools: the author's questionnaire, including the 10-point abortion attitude scale, the Moral Foundations Questionnaire adapted by O. A. Sychev, and the short version of J. Duckett's method adapted by D. S. Grigoriev. Descriptive statistics, comparative and correlation analysis in SPSS-23.Results. Young men, more than young women, and adults, more than students, support the introduction of a ban on abortions in Russia. Among student youth, support for the introduction of a ban on abortion is associated with authoritarian aggression and binding moral foundations, while its condemnation is associated with individualizing moral foundations. Common relationships between support for abortion bans in both adult and student samples include correlations with authoritarian aggression and moral foundations—loyalty and respect for authority. Unlike students, adults' support for a ban on abortion is more closely linked to components of right-wing authoritarianism, as well as belief in a competitive world and attitudes toward economic inequality and the dominance of some social groups over others.Discussion and conclusions. The contribution of the conducted research to the understanding of attitudes towards abortions among student youth, the prospects and limitations of the research are shown.
Introduction. The problem of speech therapy support for minors with disabilities in a social rehabilitation center currently requires scientific understanding and needs to be developed in an applied manner due to the lack of research and specific recommendations in this area. At the same time, the relevance of the study is determined by the limited knowledge of the issues ofspeech therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders in the social rehabilitation system. The purpose of the article is to identify a problem field in the system of organization and content of speech therapy work in a social rehabilitation center and substantiate its routing, taking into account tactical variability, using the example of accompanying children with autism spectrum disorders.Materials and methods. In the review part of the article, the research material includes the works of leading scientists devoted to the organization of speech therapy for children with autism spectrum disorders in the social rehabilitation system. Methods of analysis, systematization and generalization were used. The materials for the methodological part of the article are 42 communicative and speech profiles of children with autism spectrum disorders attending a social rehabilitation center, the results of a survey of parents and speech therapists included in the support and serving as the basis for modeling speech therapy work.Results. Terminologically, the concept of "speech therapy intensive care" is fixed as a possible form of organization of speech therapy for children in a social rehabilitation center. The rationale for the algorithm of speech therapy support for children with autism spectrum disorders is proposed based on the analysis of parents' requests, characteristics of the contingent and objectification of data obtained during a preliminary assessment of typical forms and formats of speech therapist work in a social rehabilitation center.Discussion and conclusions. The results obtained are significant for understanding and integrating data on the possibilities of organizing speech therapy support for minors with disabilities. The proposed materials can be recommended as a routing tool in a typical social rehabilitation center for working with children with autism spectrum disorders.
Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by increasing requirements for professional training of penitentiary system employees, their personal qualities and ability to act under high psycho-emotional tension. The problem acquires particular significance in the context of staffing difficulties, professional maladjustment of young employees and insufficient readiness of graduates of departmental educational institutions for the specific conditions of service. The aim of the article is empirical verification of the author's structural model of psychological readiness of penitentiary cadets and evaluation of the effectiveness of the developed formative program.Materials and methods. The article presents psychodiagnostic tools determining the baseline level of psychological readiness of cadets for future professional activity in the penitentiary system: methodology "Questionnaire of Professional Readiness" (L. N. Kabardova); L. Michelson's Test of Communication Skills (adaptation by Yu. Z. Gilbukh); Multilevel Personality Questionnaire "Adaptability" (MLO-AM) by A. G. Maklakov and S. V. Chermyanin; methodology for diagnosing the level of reflexivity by A. V. Karpov; Questionnaire of Terminal Values (OTeTs) by I. G. Senin.Results. The study involved 460 cadets of 3–5 years of study from the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (Ryazan) and the Vologda Institute of Law and Economics of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (Vologda), enrolled in the specialty 37.05.02 "Psychology of Service Activity." The results of the conducted study: every fourth cadet demonstrates a harmonious profile of psychological readiness for future professional activity. Cadets exhibit pronounced professional motives and the value of service, as well as a sufficient level of neuropsychic stability. Such key components of readiness as reflexivity and communication skills in situations of professional interaction are insufficiently developed.Discussion and conclusions. The conducted study allowed identifying a typology of psychological readiness profiles of cadets and developing a formative program in accordance with the author's structural-level model. The effectiveness of the program in developing the professional identity of cadets has been proven. The obtained results can be used in the educational process of departmental universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the prevention of professional maladjustment and emotional burnout of young employees.
Introduction. The paper analyzes the way representatives of the liberal camp evaluated the views of Y. F. Samarin, a leading figure in the Slavophile movement. Emphasis is placed on examining the positions of prominent Western-liberal ideologues: K. D. Kavelin, B. N. Chicherin, and A. D. Gradovsky. This approach reveals the distinctiveness of the perspectives held by both Slavophiles and Westernizers, as well as individual nuances of each thinker's views.Materials and methods. The study scrutinizes the philosophical works of outstanding nineteenth-century Russian thinkers: Y. F. Samarin, K. D. Kavelin, B. N. Chicherin, A. D. Gradovsky, and others, who belonged to opposing ideological camps. It also considers subsequent scholarly literature devoted to the analysis of these thinkers' works. The research employs a historical-logical method to place the scholars’ views within a broad social context, alongside a comparative methodology that juxtaposes their positions to identify shared attitudes and individual distinctiveness.Results. The paper emphasizes Samarin's well-substantiated critique of Kavelin's claim that Russia lacked a genuine history prior to Peter I. Samarin also demonstrated the untenability of Chicherin's rejection of "subjective principles" in humanitarian knowledge. As a supportive argument, the paper cites prominent Russian scholars who endorse Samarin's position regarding the presence of value orientations in humanitarian research, and consequently, their inevitable subjectivity. However, such personal assessment does not imply a "distortion of scientific facts." The study also examines A. D. Gradovsky’s publications dedicated to Samarin. Despite his liberal orientation, Gradovsky provided an objective assessment of the Russian thinker's views, demonstrating his significance in both intellectual and social spheres.Discussion and conclusions. The study concludes that Y. F. Samarin was one of the most educated figures of his time. His publications were the focus of attention for both Slavophiles and Westernizers. He successfully demonstrated the importance of national traditions and Russia’s unique culture to the country’s development. Samarin's polemic with K. D. Kavelin and B. N. Chicherin, along with A. D. Gradovsky's assessment of his views, remains relevant today, particularly concerning the preservation and development of national values and historical memory. Importantly, even Samarin’s ideological opponents highly valued his personal qualities: his honesty, patriotism, and integrity.
Introduction. The research presented in the article is devoted to the development of conceptual provisions for the integration of the educational ecosystem into the structure of the modern creative industry. The relevance of the research is due to the transition of the creative economy from disparate project forms to systemic network interactions, which requires a revision of traditional training models. Creative industries are in urgent need of flexible, interdisciplinary specialists capable of continuous learning and innovation generation in conditions of high market uncertainty. The existing educational paradigms based on rigid curricula and static competencies demonstrate insufficient adaptability to the dynamics of the creative sector.Materials and methods. The methods of theoretical analysis, synthesis, search, selection, systematization of sources, comparison of research results, generalization of the obtained data are applied. A problematic research field on the formation of an ecosystem paradigm for training specialists for the creative industry is analyzed.The purpose of this article is to identify common and specific mechanisms for integrating ecosystem training for creative industries.Results. The authors substantiate that the educational ecosystem in the context of the creative industry is an open, self-organizing network of interactions between academic institutions, creative clusters, technology platforms, government regulators and professional communities. Unlike the linear school–university–workplace model, the ecosystem approach involves the circulation of knowledge, resources, and competencies in real time. The key elements of the features and specifics of integrating ecosystem education into the creative industry are: the principle of dynamic adjustment of educational content to the current project cycles of the industry; the principle of co-creation, involving the participation of practicing experts in the development and implementation of training modules; the principle of modular micro-qualifications, which allows to capture and accumulate small competencies that are in demand in rapidly changing technological environments.Discussion and conclusions. A practical tool for implementing this approach is the development of a system focused on the formation of "adaptive human capital" capable of multiple reconfiguration of professional profiles in accordance with economic changes.
