Objectives: One of the medicinal plants known in traditional medicine, henna with the scientific name Lawsonia inermis L. comes from the Lythraceae family and purslane with the scientific name Portulaca oleracea L. comes from the Portulacaceae family. According to the compounds present in these plants, many properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, trypsin inhibitory and antioxidant properties have been reported for them. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 24 male rats in the weight range of 200±20 grams, which were divided into 4 groups of six. Wounds 2 cm long were created on the back skin of mice: the first group was kept without treatment as a control, the second group was treated with Esrin (negative control) and the other two groups were treated with ointments made of henna and purslane with a concentration of 50% by weight. -Weight was used in the daily basis of Esrin. The area of the wound was measured daily from the second to the fourteenth day with Autocade software. The data were analyzed using SPSS software at a significance level of p<0.05. Findings: The decrease in wound area was significantly higher in all groups treated with purslane and henna. Purslane showed a better effect. Conclusion: Henna and purslane ointment can be used as effective substances in the treatment of skin wounds by significantly reducing the healing time and wound area.
Objective: Borujerd region in Lorestan province is one of the best and less known natural habitats of plantago major L. The aim of the current study is to identify its natural habitats in Borujerd region and to evaluate genetic diversity in ecotypes with ISSR molecular markers. Materials and methods: In this research, the genetic diversity of 23 samples from 6 populations of Plantago major L. was studied. The extracted DNA of all 23 samples was done by the kit method. 10 primers with international codes were used for PCR reaction. The presence or absence of the band was stored as a one/zero matrix in the SPSS program. Findings: Out of the total 1632 bands produced, 200 bands (alleles) were polymorphism, which was calculated as 24% of polymorphism. The length of the generated fragments varied between 300 and 1650 bp. Primer P8 produced the most common bands with 61 bands and primer P9 produced the least common bands with 7 bands in the populations. The highest number of amplified bands was 206 bands related to P8 primer and the lowest number of produced bands was 125 bands related to P5 primer. Conclusion: The results show that the ISSR genetic markers, especially the P8 primer, can be used in phylogenetic studies of leek plant. Despite its small area, Borujerd region is suitable for the growth of various ecotypes of the Plantago major L, and therefore the preservation and maintenance of this natural habitat and the propagation of different ecotypes should be considered.
Objective: Postpartum depression may have irreparable consequences for the mother, child and her family. The awareness and attitude of family members plays a very important role in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease as quickly as possible. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the level of awareness and attitude of the companions of mothers hospitalized in the post-partum department of Valiasr(Aj) Hospital, Qom.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 100 companions of mothers hospitalized in the post-partum department of Valiasr Hospital(Aj) Qom, using available sampling method. The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire including personal information, awareness and attitude measurement. The data were analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential tests by SPSS version 16 software.Findings: The results showed that 70% of the studied people had moderate knowledge about postpartum depression. There is a statistically significant relationship between the level of awareness of postpartum depression with the variables of age, level of education, spouse's education, number of pregnancies, occupation and type of delivery. 85% of people had a negative attitude towards postpartum depression. The relationship between education level, spouse's education, number of pregnancies and occupation, with attitude was statistically significant. But the relationship between attitude with age and type of delivery was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Considering the importance of family members in supporting and diagnosing postpartum depression as quickly as possible, it is necessary to increase the awareness and attitude of those around pregnant mothers with different educational methods.
Purpose: One of the most important costs of sheep breeding is feed and the concentrated part of the ration. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different rates of concentrate and fodder in lambs. Materials and methods: 27 Lori Bakhtiari male lambs with an average age of 75 days and a weight of 26kg were selected and divided into three treatments and nine replications. Treatment one was 55:45 concentrate to fodder, second treatment was 70:30 and third treatment was 15:85 and feeding was done individually in morning and evening. After the end of the 100-day period, blood sampling was done and all the lambs were slaughtered. The testicles were removed from the scrotum and after measuring the morphometric parameters, the testicular tissue sample with dimensions of 1x1cm was prepared in 10% formalin solution and tissue sections were prepared. Findings: The results showed that the rate of concentrate and fodder made a significant difference in the macroscopic parameters of testicular tissue (P˂0.05). The weight of the testis in the treatment of three lambs decreased. In this treatment, the thickness of the coating of spermatogenic tubes, tube diameter, lumen diameter and tube area decreased. Also, the rate of hematocrit, red blood cells and hemoglobin of this treatment was significantly higher than other treatments (P˂0.05). Conclusion: increasing the percentage of concentrate more than 70% will have a negative effect.
Objective: Lipase enzyme is one of the important enzymes in food, detergent and textile industries. Also, today, industries related to this enzyme such as processing of organic materials, synthesis of biosurfactants, beverages and cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries have expanded significantly. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to optimize the activity of lipase enzyme and the variables of fermentation conditions containing grape juice substrate in Aspergillus niger culture medium. Materials and methods: In this research, for the first time, in order to achieve the maximum activity of the enzyme in the culture medium containing the carbon source of grape juice, the effective variables in the fermentation process of Aspergillus niger, i.e. temperature, acidity, concentration of grape juice and nitrogen source (yeast extract-peptone) with the help of Design Expert software was optimized. Findings: The acidity equal to 7.5, the amount of concentration of grape juice and the combination of yeast extract and peptone (with a ratio of two to one) were obtained with 1.5 and 0.75%, respectively. Lipase activity after optimizing the conditions of the culture medium was equal to 17.694 U/ml. Conclusion: Aspergillus niger records significant lipase activity in the culture medium with the factors of temperature, concentration of grape juice and yeast extract and peptone in its optimal amount and acidity equivalent to 7.5. Therefore, the carbon and nitrogen sources used in this research are suitable sources for use in the culture medium of this microorganism to produce lipase enzyme.
Objective: Persian sedge (Fumaria vaillantii) and sepalless sedge (F. asepala) are two annual herbaceous plants that grow separately or together in plant communities. The aim of this research was to compare the biochemical composition and anatomical structure of these two species in order to determine the proximity of their medicinal properties. Materials and methods: The studied plant species were collected from the central part of Saveh in May 2018. In order to compare the medicinal value, some characteristics of two Fumaria including effective substances and the anatomical structure of leaves, stems, roots and fruits were compared. The amount of lipid, protein, organic matter, sugar, phenol, alkaloid, types of chlorophyll, minerals and peroxidase activity were identified and measured by calorimetry, spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography methods. Anatomical structure was made by preparing transversal sections, stained with methylene blue and Carmen Zaji and studied with a light microscope. Findings: The differences in the content of lipid, protein, chlorophyll a and stem minerals, root phenol, fruit alkaloid, sugar and chlorophyll b were significant in two species, but the differences in the composition of other organs were not significant. The activity of peroxidase and the number of phenolic compounds in the organs of the two species were significantly different. Fatty acids were almost similar in all organs except the stem of the leafless shoot. The anatomical structure of the two Fumaria was also completely similar. Conclusion: The findings of this research showed that Iranian Shatre and Bekasbarg are rich in effective substances and the anatomical structure is almost similar. This result shows that their medicinal value is the same.
Objectives: Levothyroxine drug is used to treat thyroid diseases, which is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world, and considering that levothyroxine is a hydrophobic drug with low solubility and low stability, it requires an advanced drug delivery system. Among the targeted drug delivery systems, magnetically modified porous carriers have a high capacity to store drugs due to the presence of side groups, the adaptability of its porosity, and release it over a long period of time and instead of spreading throughout the body, it affects only the desired cell. he does. Materials and methods: The present research deals with preparing and identifying the metal-organic framework and investigating its performance in levothyroxine drug loading and release. First, MnCuFe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and covered by alginate polysaccharide. After that, the metal-organic framework 66-UiO was placed on it and the three-layer composite MnCuFe2O4@Alginate@UiO-66 was made. Findings: loading and release of levothyroxine drug on the synthesized nanocarrier was investigated at pH 7.4. The fabricated nanocomposite was examined by various methods such as SEM, EDX, FT-IR, BET. Nanocomposite was made with cheap and biodegradable raw materials such as alginate using an easy method with targeted drug delivery and magnetic strength. Conclusions: This nanocomposite with 87% loading capacity and 73% levothyroxine release can be used as a new and targeted drug delivery system.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of nanoparticles with antioxidant properties on free radicals.Materials and methods: In order to achieve the goal of the research, the content and results of valid research articles related to the subject of the current research have been analyzed and reviewed.Findings: Examining and analyzing the results of studies that have dealt with the effect of nanoparticles with antioxidant properties on free radicals, showed that nanoparticles have recently received much attention due to their many applications and unique properties. Oxidative stress is the cause of many diseases in humans. Oxidative stress is a phenomenon in which the balance between antioxidant defense and oxidants in the cell is disrupted. Antioxidants prevent damage caused by oxidants. Although antioxidants have been known for a long time, research on improved natural or synthetic antioxidants is still a topic of interest due to their important practical applications. Antioxidants may suffer from low stability under oxygen and in biological systems can be degraded before reaching their target sites; Or they can have adverse health effects that limit their use. Sometimes, it is desirable to remove the antioxidants from the homogenous system to which they have been added, after they have taken effect. In this context, nanotechnology has opened new opportunities to exploit the unique and innovative properties of nanomaterials, possibly in combination with some common natural or synthetic compounds, with the aim of achieving pioneering "nano-antioxidants" with enhanced properties. Some nanomaterials, including organic metal oxides (e.g., melanin, lignin) (i.e., cerium oxide) or metal nanoparticles (e.g., gold), exhibit intrinsic redox activity, often by scavenging radicals and/or It is associated with superoxide dismutase-like and catalase.Conclusions: Inorganic nanoparticles have been successfully evaluated in terms of antioxidant properties. Recently, nano antioxidants have shown the ability to reduce oxidative stress with greater sensitivity, cellular antioxidant activity and minimal cytotoxic effects and targeted delivery.
Objective: CT scan imaging is one of the imaging methods for better diagnosis of some diseases. But in this imaging method, there is a possibility of correct diagnosis of diseases due to the presence of metal plates. The presence of such false images mostly occurs in the images of the pelvis and head, which causes the lack of correct and early diagnosis of diseases such as colon cancer, cerebral hemorrhage, and stroke. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the improvement of the quality of CT scan images in the presence of metal implants in the body. Materials and methods: In this research, the basis of the proposed method is based on interpolation and segmentation, which is achieved through nine stages of image processing with high quality compared to previous methods. The steps are as follows: improving image quality, removing regions of metal parts, segmenting metal parts, transferring the image to the sinogram area, linear interpolation of paths, normalizing the sinogram, interpolating paths, filtering, adding metal parts. Findings: The present study showed that the effectiveness of the proposed method on large and small implants has a higher quality than the two methods of interpolation of general changes and linear interpolation, and it has a more suitable quality than the method of removing metal parts for large implants. Conclusion: The proposed method has a more acceptable and more efficient performance in the pelvic region than the two linear and elimination interpolation methods compared.
Objectives: alfalfa with the scientific name Medicago sativa is the most important fodder plant in Iran and many parts of the world. This plant is known as the queen of fodder plants due to its high nutritional value and the possibility of planting in different climates. The aim of the current research is to isolate and identify endophytic bacteria from alfalfa roots and investigate their antagonistic effects on human pathogenic bacteria. Materials and methods: The sterilized alfalfa root pieces, after being crushed, were cultured in Tyoglycollate Broth and Muller Hinton Broth liquid culture media for enrichment. After liquid cultures, culture was done on Muller Hinton agar, eosin methylene blue and McConkey agar. Endophytic bacteria were identified by gram staining method and biochemical tests. The antagonistic activity of isolated bacteria was investigated by steric crossing and bilayer methods. From the bacteria with antagonistic effects, DNA extraction was performed and with the use of universal primer, 16SrRNA gene was amplified. The PCR product was sequenced and a phylogeny tree was drawn. Findings: The results showed that alfalfa endophyte bacteria had antagonistic activity and finally, two endophytes were investigated in terms of molecular identity, which belonged to Enterobacter and Pseudomonas genera. Conclusions: Based on the results, endophytic bacteria have a great diversity and significant antibacterial effects.
Objective: Actinomycetes are useful for biocontrol against soil fungi and increase seed growth, plant weight and yield in some crops. In this study, the isolation, identification and investigation of the population of Streptomyces species in the agricultural soil of C Bagh Fadak area and the effect on the seed growth of olive (Olea europea L.) cultivar Conservalia were investigated. Materials and methods: In this study, actinomycetes were isolated from the soil of region C, then primary screening, culture and secondary screening were done by diffusion in agar and DNA extraction and the effect on seed growth of conservalia cultivar olives. DNA molecular identification was done for all the isolates andtheir rRNA 16s genes were amplified by PCR reaction and the positive samples were sequenced. The results of phylogenetic analyzes of all recorded sequences of this gene were downloaded from the NCBI database and saved for phylogenetic analysis with Mega 7 software in FAST A format. The whole sequence of isolating, identifying and checking the population of Streptomyces species was entered into the software. Findings: 40 actinomycete bacteria were isolated from the soil of area C of Fadak garden. By performing specific tests, Streptomyces isolates were identified. Biochemical and morphological tests (stringy and white appearance) on 5 isolates confirmed the presence of streptomycetes. By producing auxin, the isolates were effective in increasing the rooting of Conservalia cultivar olive seeds. The rooting capacity of Streptomyces isolate D was statistically significant (probability level 0.05). Conclusion: Streptomyces of agricultural soils are effective on tree rooting.
Objectives: The objective of the present study was to identify volatile compounds and investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects of Tribulus longipetalus Viv. Materials and methods: In this research, the Tribulus longipetalus Viv, which is an annual herbaceous plant, has many branches, lies on the ground, and has stems with soft hairs. The geographical spread of this plant is in the long sand dunes of Aran and Bidgol deserts. Biological properties, including free radical scavenging activity, total amount of phenolic compounds, antimicrobial properties and cytotoxic properties were investigated. Since the whole plant extract showed a high level of inhibition in the saltwater shrimp cell toxicity test (nearly 70 μg/liter), in order to obtain the effective components, solvent extraction using a decanter funnel was on the agenda. The three obtained components of hexane, ethyl acetate and water were analyzed separately. Also, by using a polystyrene divinylbenzene chromatography column, the effective component with higher inhibition ability was isolated. Among the effective components, except ethyl acetate, it had a relatively high inhibitory power, which was identified with the help of Hplc device. Findings: Comparing the antimicrobial power of Tribulus longipetalusViv with antibiotics, showed that this plant has good antimicrobial properties. Also, considering that LC50 was determined as 70 μg/ml. This value indicates the good cytotoxic power of Tribulus longipetalus Viv.
سابقه و هدف: شکرتیغال چندجنسی (Echinops polygamous) از ساوه و شکرتیغال آیشی (E. tenuisecta) از سرپل ذهاب، دو گونه دارویی از تیره کاسنی هستند. هدف این تحقیق مقایسه دو گیاه دارویی شکر تیغال از نظر ریخت، ساختمان تشریحی، تولید مان ترهالو، جوانه زنی دانه و فنل بود.روش کار: ریخت شناسی با بررسی ویژگی های ظاهری، ساختمان تشریحی با تثبیت اندام ها، برش گیری و رنگ آمیزی، مان با شمارش پیله های خزوکک روی چندین گیاه و محاسبه میانگین تعداد و وزن، قوه نامیه با محاسبه درصد جوانه زنی دانه و فنل با روش فولن سیوکالتیو اندازه گیری شد. یافته ها: گل آذین کروی آبی رنگ، برگ های خاردار و تشکیل مان شکرتیغال و قوه نامیه در دو گونه مشترک بود. قوه نامیه چندجنسی بیشتر بود. فنل در گل آذین ها و شاخساره ها بالاتر بود. شکرتیغال چندجنسی گیاهی افتاده با گل آذین متراکم و بزرگ، برگ های بزرگتر و ضخیم تر و مان بیشتر بود ولی شکرتیغال آیشی گیاهی ایستاده با گل آذین تنک و برگ های کوچکتر و نازک تر بود. هر دو گونه دارای اسکلرانشیم گسترده، اپیدرم یک لایه، پارانشیم پوست ساقه و ریشه وسیع و فاقد کامبیوم آوندی در ساقه بودند. دستجات آوندی در ساقه چندجنسی یک حلقه و در آیشی دو حلقه بود. کامبیوم چوب پنبه ساز ریشه دو گونه پیوسته ولی کامبیوم آوندی آن ها منقطع بود. نتیجه گیری: شکرتیغال چند جنسی با برگ های ضخیم تر، بزرگتر و خار کمتر برای تغذیه لارو خزوکک و تشکیل پیله برتر از شکرتیغال آیشی بود.
Objectives: Lycopene is an aliphatic hydrocarbon that has antioxidant properties and is capable to collect and neutralize free radicals. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of lycopene on the reproduction of Mehraban ram.Methods: In this experiment 20 male lambs aged 6 months, weighted 27±0.5 kg after clinical confirmation and vaccination (Food and mouth disease (FMD), Agalaxy and Enterotoxaemia) were selected. Lambs divided to 2 experimental groups with 10 replications. After two weeks of acclimatization, the lambs reared 100 days. The animal groups composed control (basic diet) and treatment basic diet + lycopene 5 gr/day. The lambs were fed twice per day, morning and evening. The water was freely available. At the end of the experimental period, after 24 hours of deprivation of feed, all lambs were slaughtered and testes were removed from the scrotum. Macroscopic traits were measured. Testis samples were fixed in formalin 10% for histology sections and microscopic features. Data of experiment were analyzed using a completely randomized design using SAS 2003 software and the means were compared with Duncan (P<0.05).Results: Application of lycopene significantly increased the thickness of the germinal epithelium and decreased the lumen diameter of seminiferous tubules compared to the control treatment (P˂0.05). No significant difference was observed in seminiferous tubules diameter and macroscopic traits.Conclusion: The results of this experiment showed that lycopene has positive effects on the seminiferous tubules parameters of testis in ram.
Objectives:This study was conducted to evaluate effective factors in variation of amount of Handsfield numbers in different CT scanners, considering the importance of CT number equivalence in diagnostic programs and cancer treatment by radiotherapy. Providing the better functional solutions for CT calibration, improving the quality of diagnostic and therapeutic programs, the emphasis on accepted tolerance and controlling the errors resulted from dose calculated by treatment planning systems were studied.Methods:The process performed on raw data obtained during the calibration procedure on ten CT scanners in different radiotherapy centers in IRAN. This quality control tests performed by a selected approved Iranian company.Results: This research focused on CT Number correctness and accuracy tests section in calibration procedure. The factors influencing the variation of Honsfield numbers in CT scans were evaluated by analyzing the obtained data. Data are compared with other factors that cause to alter Handsfeld CT number and reported in previous researches.Creating an error and changing the numbers of CTs causes change in the CT density curve and ultimately effects on treatment plan and the received patient dose. Therefore, it should minimize the error rate by evaluating the effective factors of the TPS. The main factors affecting on Honsfield numbers are: photon energy, the characteristics of materials in phantoms used for calibration of the systems, physical phantom shape and diameter, patient/phantom position and image reconstruction algorithm.Conclusion: It is strongly recommended that a well-documented assessment program is required to ensure Honsfield numbers changes in the confined range of treatments.
مقدمه و هدف: سلامت بچه ها افزایش می یابد زمانی که آنها حمایت اجتماعی، عاطفی و اقتصادی را از جانب پدر و مادر، هردو، داشته باشند. از آنجاکه چالشهایی در اطلاعات ما در مورد مشارکت پدران در نقش پدری وجود داشت انجام این پژوهش ضروری به نظر میرسید. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین میزان مشارکت پدران قمی درمورد نقش پدری و عوامل مرتبط با آن در سال 1394 انجام گرفت. روش کار: نوع پژوهش کاربردی، توصیفی و تحلیلی بوده و گردآوری اطلاعات با استفاده از پرسشنامه انجام شد. اطلاعات مربوط به این تحقیق، شامل پاسخ های 226 نفر از پدران شهر قم که به صورت تصادفی از زایشگاههای دولتی شهر قم انتخاب شدند، پس از ورود به نرم افزار spss با استفاده از شاخص های مرکزی و پراکندگی توصیف گردید و در قسمت تحلیل اطلاعات، از آزمون پیرسون و تحلیل واریانس استفاده شد.یافته ها: نتایج حاکی از میانگین بالای مشارکت بود. بین متغیر مشارکت با سن، میزان تحصیلات، رتبه تولد فرزند و خواسته یا ناخواسته بودن بارداری، در بین پاسخگویان رابطه معناداری وجود داشت اما بین این متغیر با جنس نوزاد، وضعیت اقتصادی، محل تولد، مصرف دخانیات، محل سکونت، قومیت و شغل پاسخگویان ارتباطی وجود نداشت.نتیجه گیری: به نظر میرسد فاصله زیادی تا تبدیل شدن مردان به یک پدر مشارکت کننده واقعی وجود دارد. انتظار میرود با فراهم آوردن دانش، مهارت و حمایت کافی بتوان به پدران کمک کرد تا راحت تر با نقش و وظایف خود کنار آمده و به شکل فعالتری در پرورش فرزند مشارکت نمایند.
Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of food poisoning in humans. Various methods including genotyping based on protein A (Spa typing) and PCR-based methods have been used for genetic classification of this bacterium. In the present study, Spa gene tracking was used for genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus isolates.Methods: 100 samples of raw chicken meat were collected from chicken meat supply centers in the market of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Samples were tested for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria by microbial culture and molecular methods and the presence of Spa gene in strains detected by PCR and enzymatic digestion.Results: Out of the total of 23 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus studied, 6 isolates lacked the Spa gene. In the rest of the isolates, a fragment with a size of about 1100 to 1500 bp was detected, and based on the detected gene fragment, 17 isolates containing the Spa gene were divided into four genotypes I to IV; So that 9 isolates were in SpaI genotype, 3 isolates in SpaII genotype, 3 isolates in SpaIII genotype and 2 isolates in SpaIV genotype.Conclusion: The presence of high genomic diversity in these isolates indicates cross-contamination of contamination and therefore can be prevented from the presence and growth of this bacterium in food by implementing quality control and food safety standards during the production process.
Objectives: The effect of different concentrations of three types of gas mixtures (carbon dioxide, nitrogen),as well as vacuum and ordinary condition and ginger and cinnamon essential oils were evaluated to prolong shelf life of of creamy donut at ambient (25ºC) in one 4-layer container (119 μ).Methods: Ordinary packaging, as control samples were compared with four type of modified atmosphere packaging 1) 80% CO2 + 20% N2; 2) 20% CO2 + 80% N2;3) 50% CO2 + 50% N2, and 4) under vacuum condition along with injection ginger and cinnamon essential oils and samples without essential oils. Experiments were performed on samples as follows microbial test (aerobics count, mold and yeast count ),chemical pH test, amount of dripped water and sensory evaluation during 20 days.Results: The shelf life, of creamy donut samples were reported with ginger essential oil under gas compositions, 80% CO2; 50% CO2 & 20% CO2 20, 19, 16 days in vacuum and ordinary conditions were 13, 11 days respectively, with cinnamon essential oil under different modified atmospheres, vacuum and ordinary conditions were 18, 16, 14, 11, 9 days, without essential oil injection, under gas compounds above and vacuum and ordinary conditions were 15, 13, 11, 9, 6 days respectively.Conclusion: The best condition belonged to samples containing ginger essential oil under conditions 80% CO2 till 20 days, which had desirable effects on microbial population (aerobics bacteria "4.82 logcfu/ml", mold & yeast "2.56 logcfu/ml"), amounts of pH (5.49), dripped water (%0.61) and also sensory properties of samples.
هدف: در این تحقیق، مطالعه بر روی چند جمعیت انار از شهرهای مختلف ایران ازجمله: قم، ساوه، خراسان و یزد (انار قجاق و دانه سیاه قم، ملس ساوه، میخوش یزد و شیشه گپ خراسان) انجام شد. بدین منظور، ویژگی هایی چون، میزان و نوع ترکیبات موجود در عصاره، فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ارزیابی میزان مواد مؤثره تانن و فلاونوئید مورد توجه قرار گرفت.مواد و روش ها: به منظور استخراج عصاره، آب و پوست خشک شده گیاه به طور جداگانه در آب و متانول خیسانده شد. سپس حلال با استفاده از روتاری جدا و پس از خشک شدن عصاره توسط آون خلاء، نمونهها در آزمون ضداکسیدانی روشهای احیاء رادیکال آزاد DPPH)) مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج: یافته های حاصل از آزمون ضداکسیدانی نشان گر این بود که عصاره پوست انار گونه ملس ساوه در حلال متانول بیشترین اثر آنتی اکسیدانی را دارد. تست تانن بر روی اناردانه سیاه قم و یزد انجام شده و مشخص گردید که دانه سیاه قم بیشترین میزان ترکیبات تانن را دارد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از تست فلاونوئید، این انار بیشترین مقدار را به خود اختصاص داد. درآخر ترکیب شیمیایی آب انار دانه سیاه استان قم شناسایی شد . نتیجه گیری: این نتایج نشان داد که انار دانه سیاه قم دارای مقادیر زیادی قندهای طبیعی است. هم چنین با مقایسه مقدار تانن در نمونه ها، مشاهده شد که مقدار کل آن در نمونه انار میخوش یزد بیشتر از دانه سیاه قم بوده، اما مقدار فلاونوئید موجود در دانه سیاه قم بیشتر از یزد است.
Objectives: Maintaining the balance of nutrients leads to increase yield so the essential elements should be available enough in the process of plant nutrition. This experiment was performed by foliar application of iron, zinc, and manganese nano-clates under limited irrigation conditions to improving leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll concentration.Methods: The two years experiment was conducted (2016-2017). The main plot included four levels of irrigation: full irrigation, irrigation withhold at flowering stage, podding stage, and grain filling period. The subplot included eight levels of foliar application with Fe, Zn, Mn, Fe+Zn, Fe+Mn, Zn+Mn, Fe+Zn+Mn nano-chelates, and distilled water (control).Results: Drought stress reduced leaf area index significantly. The highest reduction was obtained from the interaction of control treatment and cessation of irrigation in the pod stage, which was 31.5% less than the full irrigation treatment. Foliar application of Zn+Mn was more successful in modulating drought stress and increased leaf area index by 49.4% compared to the control. Irrigation cessation in flowering stage increased chlorophyll concentration by 11.2% and decreased it by 16.5% in pod stage. With the application of Fe+Zn nano-chelate increased on leaf chlorophyll concentration in the pod stage and grain formation by 38.8% and 39.1% compared to the control and was recognized as the best treatment.Conclusion: In limited irrigation conditions, foliar feeding of Fe, Zn and Mn nano-chlates is a suitable solution and compatible with water crisis and can improve soybean yield by modifying drought stress and improving leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll concentration.
