Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park (Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watumohai-TNRAW) is a critical conservation area in Southeast Sulawesi, facing high pressure from land degradation, deforestation, and unsustainable resource use. This research aimed to analyze the ecological, economic, and social sustainability of TNRAW following the implementation of the Land and Forest Rehabilitation (RHL) program. The analysis used the Rapid Appraisal for Sustainability (RAPS) method with a Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and collected data through field observations, focus group discussions, and interviews with key stakeholders. The results revealed that the social dimension had a relatively high sustainability status (88.12), indicating strong community participation and effective conflict-resolution mechanisms. In comparison, the economic dimension was in a fairly sustainable status (59.13), driven primarily by high community income and employment opportunities. The ecological dimension was in a low sustainability status (35.29) due to limited biodiversity, suboptimal species selection, and insufficient maintenance and protection activities, underscoring the need to strengthen ecological restoration strategies. Furthermore, this research highlighted the need to improve rehabilitation efforts by focusing on restoring biodiversity, establishing robust long-term monitoring systems, and implementing integrated management approaches. These management strategies should align with the ecological, economic, and social goals of conservation areas to ensure sustainable outcomes.
Land use and land cover change (LULCC) is a major anthropogenic driver of climate variability, particularly in tropical regions experiencing rapid deforestation. This research aimed to investigate the biophysical impacts of LULCC on temperature and precipitation in Kalimantan during 1960–1989, a period that marked the onset of intensive land use transformation in the region. Using the Land Use Model Intercomparison Project (LUMIP) experimental framework and land use data from the Land Use Harmonization version 2 (LUH2), the analysis compared two climate simulations, Historical and Historical with no land use change (Hist_noLu). The results showed a robust warming signal associated with deforestation in Kalimantan, with a mean temperature increase of up to 0.116°C and localized maximum exceeding 0.300°C. Ridge regression analysis indicated that deforestation contributed over 65% to the observed warming. In contrast, precipitation demonstrated weak sensitivity to LULCC. Although both simulations showed a declining trend, the historical simulation had slightly higher precipitation than the Hist_noLu simulation, suggesting that LULCC may have moderated the precipitation decline. However, the 2 regression model's low explanatory power (R² = 0.099) indicated that other climatic factors played a more dominant role in shaping precipitation patterns in Kalimantan.
The Minister of Environment and Forestry (now the Ministry of Forestry) Decree No. 168 of 2022 recommends developing urban forests as part of green open space (GOS) to improve environmental quality. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the suitability of vegetation types and their influence on microclimate conditions and social comfort levels along Jenderal Sudirman Street. The research integrated the analysis of vegetation physical characteristics, microclimate measurements, and social comfort surveys to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of GOS. The results showed that the vegetation in the GOS on Jenderal Sudirman Street met road planting criteria, with a high suitability level ranging from 87.08% to 92.94%. Vegetation types that provide optimal shade and increase comfort include Tamarindus indica, Pterocarpus indicus, Monoon longifolium, and Mimusops elengi. This vegetation has been proven to reduce average temperatures by up to 6.36°C and increase humidity by 14.17% compared to areas with minimal vegetation. Although the Temperature Humidity Index (THI) indicated uncomfortable conditions, the THI at the research location (26.20°C–27.16°C) was close to the fairly comfortable range. Most respondents also attested to the comfort of these GOS.
Global climate change underscores the need for nature-based mitigation to reinforce ecosystem resilience. Therefore, this research aimed to examine carbon stocks in Talaga Warna, West Java, and evaluate their potential as an indicator of ecosystem resilience. Data were obtained from three transects and six permanent plots using allometric equations to estimate tree biomass and carbon stocks. Vegetation was classified into functional groups, while species diversity and evenness were assessed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') and Pielou's evenness index (J). The results showed that carbon stocks varied across transects and plots, with an average of 192.77 tC/ha. Canopy trees accounted for the largest share of total carbon, while other vegetation groups played smaller but significant roles. Plots with higher H' and J values showed more balanced carbon distribution. Based on observations, plots dominated by large species stored more carbon despite lower diversity. Correlation analysis presented a weak 2 positive relationship (R = 0.024) between species diversity and total carbon. This suggested that stand structure and the dominance of high-biomass species had a stronger influence than diversity alone. In conclusion, carbon stock had potential as a practical indicator of ecosystem resilience, reflecting the balance among stand structure, vegetation diversity, and ecological function in the montane forest.
Indonesia’s wooden shipbuilding industry faces pressure from rising fisheries targets and unstable timber supplies. Batang Regency, a prominent shipyard cluster in Indonesia, relies on tropical hardwoods such as bengkirai and merbau as the main raw material for shipbuilding. More fishing, under Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) and Total Allowable Catch (TAC) policies, will strain timber resources. This research developed a dynamic simulation model to estimate future timber demand for Batang’s wooden shipyards, using data from 21 shipyards and fisheries, timber, MSY, and TAC statistics (2014–2018). Implemented in Powersim Studio 10 and validated using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) by comparing simulated outputs with historical observations. The model estimated cumulative timber use of 52,035 m³ (an average of 10,407 m³/year) for 2014–2018. Projections show demand rising to 42,293 m³ by 2035 (0.93% of national output), with high accuracy (MAPE <5%). Integrating fisheries and timber data, the model supports sustainable planning for Indonesia’s wooden shipbuilding industry.
Ethnobotany examines the relationships between local ethnic communities and the environment, including the use of plants to meet daily needs. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the species of wild plants used as food sources by the community in Serundung Permai I Hamlet, Melawi Regency, West Kalimantan Province. Data collection techniques used data triangulation, namely interviews, observation, and documentation, while snowball sampling determined the number of informants to be 20. The results showed that the community of Serundung Permai I Hamlet used 32 wild plant species as food sources, including vegetables (23 species), spices (5 species), and fruits (4 species). This indicates that many wild plants still have the potential to be used as food sources or alternatives. However, knowledge about the availability and use of wild plants as food sources has gradually declined, which may threaten continued use and conservation. The documented wild plants used by the community of Serundung Permai I Hamlet became part of a conservation effort of useful wild plant species.
Reliable allometric equations are essential for estimating forest structure, biomass, and carbon stocks, which are still scarce in Cambodia's flooded forests. Therefore, this study aimed to develop predictive models fortwo key allometric relationships: (1) total tree height as a function of diameter at breast height (DBH) and (2) estimation of DBH from stump diameter when DBH measurements were unavailable. The analysis compared their performance using the coefficient of determination (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The results showed that the logarithmic model performed optimally for Height–DBH relationship (R2 = 0.494; RMSE = 2.59 m; AIC = 1738.9). The selected equation, H = −1.7261 + 4.1124 × ln (DBH). DBH correlated strongly with stump diameter (r = 0.98, p < 0.001), with the power equationDBH = 0.969 × Stump Diameter0.983 as the best predictor. These stumpbased relationships served as important tools in estimating biomass and carbon stocks in disturbed or logged forests where DBH could not be measured directly. Furthermore, the results showed the structural variability of Cambodia's flooded forests and provided practical allometric tools for forest inventory, biomass estimation, and carbon accounting underREDD+ initiatives.
The growth of nature tourism at Mangunan Forest Resort in Bantul Regency has created challenges in balancing environmental sustainability with tourism activities. This study assessed tourism carrying capacity at three main destinations — Puncak Becici, Hutan Pinus Sari, and Seribu Batu Songgo Langit — using Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC), Real Carrying Capacity (RCC), and Effective Carrying Capacity (ECC). Ecological correction factors included herpetofauna diversity, slope, and soil erodibility, while tourist satisfaction was measured via Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) from 100 respondents per site. All three attractions operated below their ECC limits, indicating sustainable current visitation. Hutan Pinus Sari had the highest ECC at 1,478 people/day (CSI 77.85%) due to a larger area, shorter stays, and higher herpetofauna diversity. Puncak Becici followed with 1,150 people/day (CSI 76.32%), supported by high turnover. Seribu Batu Songgo Langit had the lowest ECC at 597 people/day despite the highest CSI (80.52%), reflecting spatial and ecological constraints. The results highlighted a strong link between carrying capacity and tourist satisfaction. Integrating ecological parameters with CSI yields a more comprehensive assessment for sustainable, conservation-based tourism management in Mangunan Forest Resort.
Social forestry programs offered a substantial opportunity to enhance local livelihoods and foster sustainable forest governance. However, empirical insights into the specific forest-based ecosystem services (FbES) most valued by adjacent communities remained limited. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate community perceptions of FbES across three social forestry groups located within protected areas in Kulon Progo, Indonesia. Based on 306 completed survey responses, perceptions across three FbES categories, including provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services, were assessed. The results showed distinct patterns in service valuation, with provisioning services consistently rated as the lowest. This outcome might have reflected the restrictive regulatory environment in protected forests, which limited extractive use and shaped community interactions with forest resources. In contrast, regulating, supporting, and cultural services were consistently perceived as more valuable, suggesting an appreciation for the ecological stability and cultural identity forests provide. Variation among groups also pointed to the influence of local customs and differential access to forest benefits. These results outlined the inherent trade-offs between conservation imperatives and livelihood needs, and the importance of adaptive, locally responsive forest management. The present research advanced current understanding of socio-ecological dynamics in social forestry and strategies to strengthen community participation and equitable benefit-sharing frameworks.
The mangrove ecosystem is crucial for coastal protection, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity conservation. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the spatial dynamics and health of the Lantebung Mangrove Ecosystem in Bira Village, Makassar from 2017 to 2023, using the Mangrove Health Index (MHI) derived from satellite imagery to assess changes in mangrove area, evaluate health using Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), Green Chlorophyll Index (GCI), Structure Insensitive Pigment Index (SIPI), and Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI) indices, and identify influencing factors, including urbanization, pollution, and conservation efforts. The analysis used Landsat 8 imagery to calculate MHI values and classify health levels. The results showed an increase in mangrove area from 14.45 ha in 2017 to 18.19 ha in 2023, attributed to effective conservation programs. However, MHI values fluctuated, peaking at 370.32 in 2020 and declining to 148.60 in 2023, indicating persistent environmental pressures. This research underscored the need for integrated management practices to enhance mangrove health and resilience against urbanization, pollution, and climate change. The results underscored the importance of remote sensing for monitoring and guiding conservation strategies in the mangrove ecosystem.
Previous research had shown that climate change often posed a critical challenge to humans, both currently and in the future. This had led to the implementation of targets by countries around the globe for the transition to net-zeroemissions. Indonesia, in particular, had atargetof achieving netzero by 2060, aswell asa national vision of 'Golden Indonesia 2045'. Therefore, this research aimed to discuss the strategic role of the forestry sector in climate mitigation through forest and land management, emissions-reduction actions, carbon-sequestration enhancement, and forest-based renewable energy development. The results emphasized the importance of reinventing forestry education to support the transition. Curriculum transformation toward interdisciplinary, integrative, and collaborative approaches was required to develop adaptive graduate capacities to achieve the targets.
Self-weight calculation was identified as an essential step in tree structural analysis. In practice, this calculation included estimating stem weight based on wood density, while crown density was expressed as a percentage of crown area. However, previous research had not provided explicit methodologies for determining crown density as a function of crown mass and volume. Therefore, this research aimed to establish a proper method and corresponding conversion factors for translating area-based crown density estimates to those derived from crown weight and volume. A total of 15 healthy decurrent trees were selected to assess crown volume and density through physical attribute analysis. The new crown area density was calculated after pruning, where all pruned crown biomass was collected and weighed to determine crown mass. Mathematical analyses were developed to convert crown density values. The results showed that decurrent trees had a mean crown density of approximately 2.95 kg/m3, exceeding the value reported in reference research for excurrent trees (1.9 kg/m3). Since this research focused on tropical tree species, the results could serve as a reference for subsequent research on tropical tree structural characteristics.
Mined reclamation failure could lead to land degradation, ecosystem instability, community poverty, and loss of environmental services. Previous research linked reclamation success to the selection of suitable plants. This study aimed to identify the best species for reclamation and ecosystem services, measured by ecosystem conditions, plant growth, and soil fertility. Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.), waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus L.), cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen), and mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.) were selected as the highest number of species planted in PT Kalimantan Energi Lestari (KEL) reclamation area. Mean annual increment (MAI) was measured using a 10% sampling intensity for all plant stages. Soil quality (C-organic, N, C/N, P, K) was sampled at 5% around the tree root zone using a purposive sampling method. The five species showed positive impacts on soil nutrients, increasing by 14.6% in five-year-old plants, except for K-exchange, which decreased by 3.4% to 71.4%. In addition, P. falcataria improved significantly in three macro parameters, namely C-organic 121.2%, N-total 100%, and P-avail 156%, and had the highest MAI for total height of 252.5 cm/year. This research concluded that P. falcataria was the most appropriate revegetation plant species for the reclamation program in coal-mined areas
Article: Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 19(1) 2025, pp. 92-101 (10.22146/jik.v19i1.19038) Title: Chemical compound Analysis of Syzygium myrtifolium Essential Oil and Molecular Docking Analysis on Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Enzyme Author: Zikri Hamidi According to the author’s proposal, the editorial of the Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan withdraws the paper. 26 June 2025
Macrofungi are a nutraceutical food containing high protein, low fat, and are rich in minerals that play an important role in animal physiology, particularly as food supplements because of their distinctive aroma. This research aimed to provide information on the macroscopic and microscopic characters of several macrofungi from the Agaricomycetes consumed by animals, and to describe their antibacterial potentials. This research employed opportunistic sampling, mushroom identification and description, proximate analysis, and antibacterial assays. A total of seven mushrooms of the Agaricomycetes were described, namely Lentinus sajor-caju, Gymnopilus sp., Marasmius sp., Phallus indusiatus, Panus lecomtei, Termitomyces sp., and Schizophyllum commune. Lentinus sajor-caju had carbohydrate, fiber, protein, fat, ash, and moisture contents of 72.02%, 30.03%, 11.63%, 1.37%, 4.26 %, and 10.74%, respectively. The antibacterial assay of L. sajor-caju indicated that both 0.8 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml concentrations showed no significant difference in activity. However, both exhibited potent inhibitory effects against Candida albicans. Lentinus sajor-caju extract inhibited Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. In comparison, a dose of 0.8 mg/ml effectively suppressed the growth of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This current research provided a basic framework for future mycophagy analysis and bioprospection in Indonesia.
This research investigated rural households' views on threats to sustainable forest management and the factors influencing logging in the Omo Forest Reserve Area, which has been experiencing deforestation and unsustainable utilization. The researchers interviewed 300 household heads and validated 276 responses for Ordinary Least Squares Regression and quantitative summaries, including percentages, frequencies, and bar charts. The results showed that most households were male-headed (92.8%) and married (87.3%), with primary and secondary education accounting for 29.7% and 39.2%, respectively. Male-headed households made up 92.8%, and 7.2% were female-headed households. Approximately 50.7% considered logging a significant threat to forest sustainability, while 48.6% viewed the failure to replant as a serious problem. A total of 18.48% perceived indiscriminate grazing by nomadic herders as a serious threat. Other factors included urbanization, agriculture, and fuelwood collection, all of which posed threats to forest management. Regression analysis yielded a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.67, suggesting that sex, secondary occupation, age, and length of settlement in forest areas significantly influenced wood logging. Measures such as awareness campaigns, discouraging indiscriminate logging, and enforcing policies are recommended to address these challenges.
Community-based collaborative watershed governance offers a potential solution to the limitations of government-led management by leveraging substantial social capital to sustain watershed functions. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate community social capital in watershed conservation and formulate strategies to strengthen it, promoting the sustainability of Poso Watershed. The investigation was conducted in Tentena and Sawidago Villages in Poso Watershed, using interviews with households and key informants, focus group discussions, and field observations. This research employed descriptive quantitative analysis to assess community social capital characteristics and levels, while applying SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis to develop strategies for strengthening social capital. The results showed that high cognitive-social capital required substantial structural social capital to generate collective action in watershed conservation. Weak structural social capital was reflected in the community’s limited understanding of formal rules and low involvement in organizations related to forest and watershed conservation, leading to weak solidarity and collective action. Strengthening social capital required harnessing the role of the Watershed Management Coordination Forum, which engages government and stakeholders in community-based collaborative watershed management. This primary strategy should be supported by improving communication, socialization, counselling, increasing community participation, and fostering the role of local institutions in watershed conservation.
Deforestation from monoculture farming significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and ecosystem degradation, highlighting the need for sustainable land management. Agroforestry presents a viable solution for enhancing carbon sequestration. However, many project models rely on assumptions or secondary data, leading to limited accuracy. This research aimed to enhance projections of carbon stock changes by utilizing empirical data from a 12.7-ha tea plantation in West Java, Indonesia. This research established baseline carbon stocks through direct field measurements in a monoculture scenario. Agroforestry interventions involved hardwood species, such as Toona sureni, Altingia excelsa, and Manglietia glauca, in conjunction with coffee crops. Carbon stock accumulation was then projected over ten years using allometric equations and annual growth increments derived from field observations. Results indicated that agroforestry increased carbon sequestration by threefold compared to monoculture, reaching 472.77 t CO2eq/ha by 2032. The findings demonstrated that empirical data-driven modeling resulted in more realistic and reliable projections, enhanced the accuracy of carbon stock predictions, and established agroforestry as a sustainable approach for mitigating climate change.
Drummer Rail (Habroptila wallacii) is a bird species of the Rallidae family with limited ecology and behavior information. The information on the distribution of H. wallacii in Halmahera Island is crucial as it is classified as a vulnerable species. Therefore, this research aims to predict the potential distribution of H. wallacii on Halmahera Island using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling method, which projects species distributions based on presence data and environmental variables. A total of 47 data points on H. wallacii encounters were obtained from open-access data sources and field observation. The variables used were land use land cover (LULC), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), elevation, slope, and proximity data (river). The results showed that 33.52% of the area was very suitable for H. wallacii habitat, 32.97% was suitable, and 33.50% was unsuitable. Approximately 29.39% of the suitable habitat was located in limited-production forest areas, while conservation areas covered only 5.19%. These results suggested the need to review spatial planning policies to increase protection of the natural habitat of the species. The results could serve as considerations and recommendations for the Ministry of Environment and Forestry regarding the future management of forest areas for these species.
The Dayak Kuhin community, native to Central Kalimantan Province, had a traditional agricultural culture called nugal, which was carried out once a year. Nugal was considered an agricultural culture that involved opening fields in the forest, but it was often associated with causing forest fires. To clarify the realities of the practice, this research aimed to explore the nugal process and associated forest conservation efforts by taking a case study of the Sapundu Hantu Village, Seruyan Hulu District, Seruyan Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. This research employed an ethnographic method and a thick description approach, utilizing qualitative data collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, archival records, and literature reviews. The results revealed that the nugal agriculture embodied rich local knowledge about forest conservation efforts reflected in each process. The community practiced the nugal agriculture carefully with adherence to customary norms that regulated forest management. The findings of this study address the prevailing negative stigma associated with the nugal culture as practiced by the Dayak Kuhin community.
