Introduction. The article studies the role of carbon credits in decarbonization of basic economic sectors and the fight against climate change. Reducing the carbon footprint is a pressing challenge, and carbon crediting is a promising mechanism for addressing it, enabling companies to offset CO2emissions and fostering a new set of economic regulatory instruments in line with international agreements. Goal. The study is to examine the specific features of the carbon crediting mechanism, its role in decarbonization of the Russian Federation, and to develop recommendations for the allocation of carbon allowances. Materials and methods. The research was conducted using various methods of analysis (systemic, comparative, structural-dynamic, economic-statistical), as well as grouping, monographic and abstract-logical methods. Results and discussion. Global experience confirms the effectiveness of carbon crediting. Calculations pertaining to the oil and gas sector of the Russian Federation demonstrate significant annual benefits (ranging from 77.3 to 739.2 billion rubles with 80 % free allowances). The development of a national carbon crediting system will mitigate the risks associated with CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism), attract green investments, and strengthen the country’s economic security. Conclusion. A carbon credit is a comprehensive tool that provides economic, environmental, and strategic advantages. The successful implementation of the carbon allowance allocation mechanism depends on state policy, transparent regulation, investment, and adaptability. Despite external restrictions, cooperation with BRICS nations, Asian and the Middle East countries opens pathways for the integration of Russian carbon assets into the global climate economy.
Introduction. The article examines the existing methods for assessing the service life and aging processes of paper insulation in power transformers. The physicochemical processes of cellulose depolymerization and the factors determining their intensity are considered. Goal. The article aims to study the factors and develop a methodology for assessing the service life and aging processes of power transformer insulation, taking into account their current condition. Materials and methods. Experimental dependencies of paper aging on various factors were examined. Based on these dependencies, a mathematical model of paper insulation aging was developed. Using this model, an aging surface was obtained, which describes the normal temperature dependence of the decrease in the degree of polymerization over time. Moreover, the aging surfaces were compared with real values, taking into account seasonal temperature fluctuations and the significantly reduced impact of accelerating aging factors. Results and discussion. The model is a promising tool for analyzing the intensity of cellulose depolymerization processes and determining the total remaining service life of a power transformer over its entire operational period, with the aim of implementing additional measures to extend the service life of the power transformer. Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, a tool has been developed that will make it possible to analyze the intensity of cellulose depolymerization processes and determine the total remaining service life of a power transformer under current operating conditions. The analysis will help reduce the costs of transformer restoration and extend their service life. The model is one component of a comprehensive approach to assessing the condition of a power transformer in order to obtain more accurate results for individual components and as a whole.
Introduction. Against the backdrop of accelerating urbanization and the transformation of economic models, the urban entrepreneurial stratum emerges as a key social actor. Its economic behavior and social sentiments directly reflect the effectiveness of state governance and macroeconomic stability, serving as a critical marker of the socio-political resilience. Goal. The study analyzes the role of the urban entrepreneurial stratum as a structural indicator of political system resilience under conditions of institutional transformation and socio-economic change. Materials and methods. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach synthesizing Max Weber’s concepts of legitimacy, Karl Polanyi’s «embeddedness» of the market, and Theda Skocpol’s structural theory of revolutions. The empirical basis includes a comparative analysis of Iran’s historical experience, as well as modern socio-economic processes in Central Asian countries, Afghanistan and Iraq. Results and discussion. It is established that the loyalty of entrepreneurs is determined by institutional predictability and the protection of their economic interests, while their discontent signals a crisis in state governance. The Iranian case demonstrates how the restriction of “bazaar” autonomy led to its participation in the 1979 revolution, while subsequent economic monopolization by quasi-state structures provoked the erosion of business loyalty. Analysis of Central Asian countries reveals regional features: dependence on migration flows and informal networks reduces the likelihood of political mobilization by redirecting social pressure abroad, yet makes entrepreneurs a sensitive indicator of institutional maturity. Conclusion. The urban entrepreneurial stratum serves as a universal barometer of state governance quality. For Central Asian states, maintaining a balance between state control and the economic autonomy of business is a key condition for long-term stability and the successful modernization of political systems.
Introduction. Classical methods of corporate asset management overlook the impact of external environmental uncertainty. Under the influence of macro- and mesofactors, corporations, especially at the regional level, that have not timely restructured their asset management system, inevitably face increasing financial threats and lose their market positions, which proves the relevance of the transition to a cyclical model of corporate asset management. The object of the study is the process of managing the assets of a small regional corporation, the subject is economic and financial relations in the formation and implementation of this strategy. Goal. The study develops and substantiates a cyclical model for managing corporate assets. Materials and methods. The methodology includes analysis (comparative, vertical, horizontal), synthesis, induction, deduction, method of financial ratios and. Results and discussion. The priority of the cyclical strategy of corporate asset management is substantiated according to the dynamism criterion, special fundamental principles of its formation are introduced, the implementation of which allows for a timely adaptation of the composition, structure of assets, and sources of their financing to changing macroeconomic conditions, ensuring financial stability and reducing vulnerability to external shocks. Conclusion. The inconsistency of traditional asset management models is proven. The importance of implementing the principle of financial flexibility for small regional corporations is highlighted: maintaining sufficient liquidity and diversifying funding sources reduces vulnerability to macroeconomic shocks. According to the authors, managing corporate assets across economic cycle phases is a holistic strategic financial management paradigm that requires a shift from a reactive, static approach to proactive, dynamic management of balance sheet composition and structure. The practical significance lies in reducing the likelihood of excessive asset growth by limiting unjustified expansion during the growth phase, ensuring the maintenance of equilibrium.
Introduction. The current stage of technological development is characterized by a rapid increase in the use of artificial intelligence (AI), which inevitably leads to a significant increase in energy and resource consumption, primarily due to the expansion of data center infrastructure. As major technology companies claim to achieve carbon neutrality while simultaneously increasing energy consumption for training and operating AI models, there is a growing crisis of investor and regulatory trust. For Russia, this issue holds significant scientific and practical importance. Goal. The study aims to identify and analyze the contradictions between technological progress driven by the development of artificial intelligence and the principles of the ESG agenda in the context of sustainable development of the global economy, with a focus on the regional characteristics of the United States, Russia and African countries. Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of the works of domestic and foreign economists in the field of ESG, official reports on sustainable development, using data from rating agencies, as well as analytical materials from international organizations. The study relied on a combination of general scientific and special methods of analysis. Results and discussion. The study found that the growth rate of AI infrastructure energy consumption is twice as high as the average growth rate of the economy, which creates a fundamental contradiction with the principles of ESG, which are environmental, social, and governance standards for sustainable development. In the long term, resolving the ESG dilemma of AI will require a comprehensive strategy that combines technological, governance, and social measures. Conclusion. The analysis of the confrontation between ESG principles and the development of artificial intelligence demonstrates a deep structural contradiction between technological progress and environmental sustainability. Regional differences highlight the need for a differentiated approach to overcome this contradiction. In the United States, legal and market mechanisms for regulation are already being established, while in Africa, a balance between technological sovereignty and resource constraints is being sought, and in Russia, the focus is on the energy base for digitalization.
