The article examines the current state and prospects for electronic document management in export-import container shipping from Russia to China. The author identifies the key export nomenclature categories of cargo transported in large-tonnage containers between the two countries and analyzes the documentation required for such shipments. The feasibility of issuing these documents in electronic form is assessed, and the existing challenges are highlighted. Suggestions for implementing electronic document flow in international container shipping from Russia to China.
In recent years, the European Union (EU) has made efforts to tighten its ESG requirements within the framework of the European Green Deal, moving gradually from general declared statements to the establishment of specific legal obligations for business. However, pressure from its own businesses has led the EU, regardless of its desire to remain a leader in the ESG sphere, to ease its requirements for companies in terms of Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). The EU-agreed amendments to the legislation are known as Omnibus I. This article outlines the multi-stage approval process and analyses the agreed ESG regulatory changes.
The article assesses the effectiveness of modernizing Russia's border crossing points (BCPs) under sanctions pressure and the radical reorientation of foreign trade flows to Eastern and Southern directions since 2022. Key challenges are identified: chronic BCP overcapacity, technological infrastructure gaps, personnel shortages, financial constraints, and the need for new procedures. The primary limitation for systematically evaluating large-scale modernization efforts (SMP/NSM ITC infrastructure, e-CMR/navigation seals digitalization, risk-based control) is the lack of detailed empirical data at the BCP level. In response, a conceptual evaluation framework based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) is developed: idle time, throughput capacity, transactional costs, automation rate, security compliance. The main conclusion emphasizes the critical need for a national KPI monitoring system. Practical recommendations include its implementation, enhanced EAEU coordination, workforce development, prioritizing end-to-end digital solutions, and diversifying funding to reduce logistics costs and enhance foreign trade resilience.
The article examines the structural shifts in the global construction market driven by the concept of sustainable construction. The study analyzes environmental, economic, and institutional factors shaping the industry’s transformation, including increasing decarbonization requirements, the expansion of green finance instruments, and the adoption of international environmental certification standards. Particular attention is paid to the shifting geography of construction activity, the redirection of investment flows toward developing countries in Asia and Africa, and the faster growth of the sustainable infrastructure segment compared to the overall market. Based on statistical data, the paper demonstrates that despite the increasing adoption of energy-efficient technologies and circular economy principles, a significant infrastructure and investment gap persists, hindering progress toward sustainable development goals. The findings indicate the emergence of a new phase in the evolution of the global construction market, where sustainability becomes a key determinant of competitiveness and long-term industry development.
The article examines effects of the digitalization of trade procedures on the diversification of countries’ foreign trade. Country-level indices of trade digitalization are taken from the UN Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation for 2015–2021, while trade concentration indices (Herfindahl–Hirschman) are calculated using data from the BACI-CEPII international trade database. The econometric results indicate that higher levels of digitalization in exporting countries are associated with greater diversification of the product structure of bilateral trade, as well as with increased geographical diversification of exports within product groups. For importing countries, similar effects of digitalization are obtained; however, the corresponding estimates are less robust and statistically significant.
The article analyzes the impact of sanctions on Russia’s foreign trade in construction services. Particular attention is paid to the structural changes in exports and imports of construction services, transformation of the geography of foreign economic activity, and the increasing complexity of financial mechanisms involved in the implementation of international construction projects. Based on the balance of payments data and international trade statistics, the study demonstrates a significant decline in imports of construction services and an increase in the share of construction abroad in Russia’s exports. The paper examines the role of large-scale infrastructure projects implemented by Russian companies and their influence on trade dynamics with partner countries. Special attention is given to cross-border payment difficulties under sanctions, illustrated by the case of the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant project in Bangladesh. The study concludes that sanctions have a systemic impact on Russia’s exports of construction services and emphasizes the need to adapt foreign trade and financial mechanisms to the new conditions of international economic interaction.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Asian developing countries represent one of the most dynamic sectors of their economies, housing the majority of companies and employing more than half of the workforce. However, the ongoing production and trade concentration are gradually diminishing their role as independent economic entities. One of the key challenges facing SMEs is expanding their participation in international economic relations, particularly in foreign trade, which enables them to enhance operational efficiency and profitability. Nevertheless, on this path, they encounter intense competition from large international businesses. A promising strategy to overcome this issue is to increasing their engagement in global and regional value chains, which have significantly strengthened. This process is supported by economically developed Asian countries, which are transitioning in their economic activities from low-skilled to high-skilled labour, consequently leading to the relocation of some SMEs utilizing low-skilled labour to developing Asian countries. Regional trade agreements, most of which include a specific clause on developing SME potential, provide significant government support for enterprises’ entry into the regional and international market.
Against the backdrop of a relatively favorable socio-economic environment, the digital economy has been a key driver of foreign economic relations. In the era of Evolution 5.0 and the rapid expansion of the Internet, the growth of e-commerce has been breakthrough. The shift towards new economic paradigm represents a fundamental trend today. Moreover, advancements in digital technologies have become a crucial factor in attracting investment. According to UN statistics, e-commerce has grown significantly worldwide since 2010, with over 80% of the population using the Internet and making purchases online. E-commerce sales accounted for three-quarters of global GDP, amounting to $27 trillion in 2022. Currently, the Vietnamese economy has reached unprecedented growth rates. The country has recognized that e-commerce allows the country to effectively overcome geographic and infrastructural barriers to integration. It is prepared for digital evolution and has achieved notable progress. However, diversification of foreign economic relations and the search for new tools are essential amid increasing digital transformation. This article assesses the importance of the digital economy as a new vector of Vietnam’s foreign economic relations. Main objective: To analyze the role and potential of the digital economy as a new strategic vector of Vietnam’s foreign economic relations, identifying opportunities and challenges in its development for expanding new partnerships. Research tasks: To define the concept and essence of the digital economy; To identify the main trends, dynamics, and factors in the development of the digital economy in Vietnam; To identify the reasons for its emergence as a new vector for the development of foreign economic relations; To formulate prospects for further integration of the digital economy. Methodological framework: Statistical analysis, empirical methods, comparative analysis, and logical and systemic approaches. These methods facilitate the study of the digital economy, identify current issues, and assess its impact. Research findings: The Vietnamese government has been actively implementing strategic measures that not only allow people to gain access to modern technology but also strengthen mutual cooperation. Digitalization in Vietnam is progressing rapidly, stimulating participation in global digital supply chains and expansion of foreign economic relations. Conclusions: Overall, the digital economy has become a driving force, significantly enhancing international cooperation. It facilitates the improvement of the country’s position, economic growth, and international relations. Consequently, digitalization plays a key role in stimulating socio-economic development. On the other hand, the scientific and technological sphere in Vietnam has shown no clear signs of technological dominance.
The article examines the structural features and dynamics of trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Tunisia, with a focus on the quantitative assessment of merchandise trade indicators. The methodological framework of the study includes the calculation and interpretation of key economic indices that make it possible to characterize both the current intensity of bilateral trade relations and their potential for further development. Within the empirical analysis, the values of the trade intensity index and the structural complementarity index are determined, serving as objective tools for measuring the degree of correspondence between one country’s export profile and the import preferences of its partner. The research approach is based on a systematic analysis of long-term foreign trade statistics, which ensures the reliability of the findings and allows for the identification of long-term trends and structural transformations in Russian–Tunisian economic relations. The application of this methodology provides a foundation for developing well-grounded recommendations on optimizing trade and economic cooperation amid evolving geopolitical landscape.
The article presents the findings of a study on household final consumption expenditure (HFCE) in Russia for the period 2012-2023, measured in current and comparable prices. Special attention is paid to government spending on individual goods and services over the same period and its impact on household final consumption patterns. For comparative purposes, the study includes international benchmarks for GDP expenditure components, as well as actual final consumption of households by country for three reference years (2014, 2017, 2021). The empirical foundation of the research draws upon official data from the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) for 2012–2021, supplemented by expert estimates for 2022–2023 due to data limitations. The methodological framework employs general scientific approaches, including comparative analysis, generalization, and time-series comparison.
In recent years, tensions in international trade have been escalating, largely due to more aggressive US policies toward key trading partners. The US administration’s new tariff initiatives pose a serious risk not only to international trade but also to global economic growth, employment, and investment. This article discusses key aspects of the implementation of new US trade policy measures, the retaliatory measures taken by its trading partners, and the implications of these measures for the stability of international trade. It also examines potential mitigation strategies for the negative impacts of trade protectionism, using the example of policies implemented in the eurozone.
This study aims to examine the challenges of short–term quarterly and monthly forecasting of economic indicators under conditions of limited real-time data availability while leveraging historical quarterly data. The research incorporates methods for analyzing the evolution of seasonal fluctuations, decomposing quarterly accounts into monthly estimates, establishing intra-annual relationships between indicators, and reconciling production and expenditure-side national accounts. The integration of annual, quarterly and monthly statistics enhances the informational robustness of forecasts, providing new opportunities for substantiating intra-annual dynamics and improving the reliability of annual estimates of macroeconomic estimates.
The article examines the transformation of export activities amid digitalization of the global economy and the increasing role of marketplaces as key elements of modern e-commerce. Special attention is paid to analyzing marketplaces not only as channels of domestic trade, but also as independent digital export tools capable of creating new cross-border trade chains and reducing barriers to entry into international markets for small and medium-sized businesses. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the global e-commerce market, sales volumes of the largest international and Russian marketplaces, as well as the institutional conditions for the development of Russia’s foreign trade, key trends in the transformation of export models were identified. The article considers the evolution and specifics of the business models of the largest Russian marketplaces, as well as the limitations of the use of global platforms by Russian exporters under foreign policy conditions. A separate section of the study is devoted to the role of the Russian Export Center as an export support institution and identifies the insufficiency of the existing government support measures with regard to platform-based export channels. The scientific novelty of the research lies in clarifying the role of marketplaces in Russia’s export support system for small and medium-sized enterprises and in substantiating the need for their deeper institutional integration into the existing state export promotion system.
This article examines the impact of GenAI on the transformation of labour activities in B2B sales. It analyzes shifts in professional roles, business process structures, and qualification requirements amid ongoing digitalization. Particular attention is given to the development of new competencies, including digital literacy, interaction with AI tools, and strategic thinking. The theoretical section explores emerging professional specializations related to the implementation and maintenance of intelligent systems. The practical section presents an experiment in which two respondent groups performed typical B2B sales tasks – one using GenAI and the other without it. The results demonstrate a reduction in task completion time from 32 to 18 minutes, along with improvements in content quality and personalization. The study concludes that hybrid human–machine collaboration models should be developed to enhance not only operational efficiency but also sustainable competitive advantage in the B2B sector.
The article analyzes the competitiveness of Russian fish products on foreign markets, where the key success factors are adaptation to the food patterns of target countries and a shift away from price competition toward high-margin niches. On the basis of crab and pollock markets, it is demonstrated that, despite sanctions, the fishery industry has successfully reoriented and/or increased its sales: live crab to Asian markets, leveraging logistical advantages and the trend of consuming Russian-made products in China, and pollock to the EU and Asian markets, facilitated by favourable market conditions. Thus, sustainable export competitiveness depends on rapid response to changes in global demand, while future prospects involve promoting other types of fish products as well.
In recent years, the European Union (EU) has made efforts to tighten its ESG requirements within the framework of the European Green Deal, moving gradually from broad declarative statements to legally binding corporate obligations. However, under pressure from its own business community—despite its ambitions to maintain leadership in ESG policy—the EU has eased certain requirements under key legislative acts, including the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). The EU-agreed amendments to these regulations are known as the Omnibus I Directive. This article examines the multi-stage negotiations and approval process and analyzes the agreed ESG regulatory adjustments.
The article assesses the effectiveness of modernizing the Russian Federation’s checkpoints (CPs) under sanctions and a fundamental reorientation of foreign trade flows to the East and South since 2022. Key challenges were identified, including: overload of CP capacities, technological backwardness of infrastructure, staff shortages, financial constraints, and the need to develop new administrative and logistical procedures (customs, sanitary-quarantine, veterinary control) adapted to work with new trading partners (PRC, Central Asian countries, India) and goods of parallel import. Despite the presence of advanced forecasting systems (e.g., the Risk Management System – RMS) and pre-notification systems in customs authorities, which in theory should mitigate peak loads, key checkpoints in practice have faced chronic overload. This indicates that the existing tools were not fully adapted to the surge in workload and the shift in its geographical structure, necessitating their modernization. The major limitation for a systemic assessment of the effectiveness of the large-scale modernization measures undertaken (NSR/INSTC “North–South” infrastructure, digitalization with e-CMR/navigation seals, risk-based control) is recognized as the lack of detailed empirical data at the checkpoint level. In response, a multi-level system of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) has been developed, based on downtime, throughput capacity, transaction costs, automation, and security. The key conclusion is the critical importance of creating a national KPI monitoring system. Practical recommendations include its implementation, enhanced coordination within the EAEU, development of human resources, prioritization of end-to-end digital solutions, and diversification of funding sources to reduce logistics costs and enhance the resilience of foreign economic activity.
The paper examines the prospects for the development of Russia’s foreign trade with so-called “friendly” countries amid shifting economic conditions. Variations of the gravity model of international trade – both with and without a stochastic frontier analysis – are employed to assess Russia’s potential export and import volumes. The study identifies key directions for trade expansion, including Algeria, Egypt, Vietnam, Indonesia, and South Africa. Special attention is given to countries where actual trade volumes have already exceeded theoretical expectations, such as China, India, and Turkey. The findings may be useful in shaping Russia’s trade diversification strategy.
Despite global challenges and geopolitical tensions, including wars, international tourism continues to demonstrate growth. Global revenue from international tourism amounted to USD 1,4 trillion in 2024. The sector is expanding into new territories, including previously untapped regions that require the development of tourism infrastructure. The proposed tourism flow centroid method presented in this study allows for the identification of optimal locations for new resorts and tourism infrastructure, provided that potential tourist demand for such destinations and key source markets are known. This method proves particularly valuable in analyzing the territorial aspects of international tourism.
This article presents the author’s interpretation of the results of an efficiency analysis of logistics system design, based on a systems analysis methodology with discrete event simulation and agent-based modeling. The application of agent-based modeling in logistics system design is examined as a phenomenon arising from the necessity to account for an infinite number of factors influencing a finite set of potential participants in national logistics systems. Using a ten-year forecast of the projected consumer base for Russian exports in Tanzania as an example, the study substantiates the argument that multifactorial impact—manifested in events that can drastically change consumer preferences, purchasing power, and countries’ access to mutual trade – should be taken into account.
