Purpose. Ensuring the overcoming of trade barriers, diversifi cation of testing procedures and assessment of conformity of agricultural machinery in accordance with the updated regulatory legal acts of the legislation of Ukraine on technical regulation. Methods. A historical approach was applied in studying the formation of the technical regulation system, a system analysis was used to establish relationships between its elements, and a comparative analysis was used to compare different technical regulation systems. Results. The article analyzes the evolution (stages of formation) of technical regulation and its current state in Ukraine and the world, reveals the challenges and role of the Ukrainian scientifi c research institute of forecasting and testing of machinery and technologies for agricultural production named after L. Phonilyi (hereinafter referred to as the Institute) in establishing the modern level of technical regulation in the agricultural sector, which is a refl ection of regulatory policy in the key European integration direction of the national policy aimed at sustainable development in the fi eld of economics, law, ecology, energy effi ciency, national security, social protection, and digitalization of the economy. The current state of the technical regulation system was analyzed, key problems in the functioning of conformity assessment bodies, testing laboratories and market surveillance bodies were identifi ed. The directions of modernization of the conformity assessment infrastructure were substantiated, taking into account the requirements of European Union legislation and the needs of the agricultural sector. A set of measures was proposed to increase the effi ciency, transparency and international recognition of the results of conformity assessment of agricultural machinery. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the effectiveness of new approaches to assessing and confi rming conformity, the interest of respondents by groups of questions was determined. The state of scientifi c and methodological support and technical base for assessing the conformity of agricultural machinery in specialized testing laboratories (TL) was determined. The use of modern information and digital technologies and equipment requires the creation of new methods of conformity assessment. Simulation during fi eld, bench and simulation tests of agricultural machinery is specifi ed in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No. 1322/2014 laying down technical requirements and test methods for the design of agricultural and forestry vehicles with a view to reducing manufacturers’ costs, and detailed conditions for virtual testing are established.
The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for assessing tractor performance under variable state parameters. Research methods. The methodological basis of the study is the generalization and analysis of existing scientifi c results regarding tractor performance under specifi c operating conditions. To form a scientifi c problem, determine the goal and set the research objectives, the analytical method and comparative analysis were used. When creating empirical models, the basic provisions of the performance of technical systems in variable state parameters were used. Research results. Considering that the performance of a tractor is assessed by a set of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of its properties, the study was carried out as a multidimensional technical system in state space. In this case, the tractor is considered as a system with a delay, for which the condition of stability of its functioning is justifi ed while ensuring the standards of operational manufacturability. Conclusion. The tractor will be operational if its technical condition ensures its stable movement within the limits stipulated by the regulatory and technical documentation. An integral part of the tractor's operational capability is its operational manufacturability, which is determined by the organization and quality of maintenance and repair. The need to introduce a separate regulatory act in Ukraine that would regulate the requirements and procedures for assessing compliance with the standards of used tractors purchased on the secondary market is justifi ed. The study substantiated the feasibility of using dynamic models to predict the tractor's condition and correct operating modes. The developed methodology for diagnostics and performance assessment includes both technical and contextual parameters. The implementation of the proposed methodology allows for prompt response to changes in the tractor's condition, optimization of technological processes, and ensuring the economic effi ciency of agricultural production. Based on the results of research and the experience of other countries, the need to introduce a separate regulatory legal act in Ukraine that would regulate the requirements and procedures for assessing conformity for single tractor samples, used, as well as self-assembled ones purchased on the secondary market, is justifi ed, since the procedures and requirements of the Technical Regulation on Type Approval (CMU Resolution No. 1367 of 28.12.2011) cannot be fully applied to such tractors.
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the methodology for implementing environmental requirements for tractors in Ukraine. Research Methods. The methodological basis of the study is an analysis of European Union regulations establishing environmental requirements, the performance characteristics of agricultural and forestry vehicle engines, and their testing and development procedures based on an analysis of the roadmap for implementing environmental requirements and engine performance characteristics in Ukraine. Research Results. Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/985 plays an important role in ensuring the practical implementation of the European Union’s environmental policy in the fi eld of agricultural and forestry machinery. It ensures uniform approaches to testing and conformity assessment, increases the transparency of type approval procedures, helps reduce the negative impact of vehicles on the environment, and creates the preconditions for the mutual recognition of test results in EU Member States. European Union regulations governing agricultural and forestry vehicle engines form a comprehensive system of requirements aimed at reducing negative environmental impacts, improving energy effi ciency, and ensuring an adequate level of operational reliability. Unifi ed testing and conformity assessment procedures ensure transparency, technical validity, and mutual recognition of results across EU Member States. Conclusion. A Roadmap for the implementation of environmental requirements, performance characteristics, and testing procedures for agricultural and forestry vehicle engines in Ukraine has been developed. It is structured by focus area and covers the necessary measures to be implemented, synthesised based on existing national gaps, identifi ed responsible entities, and implementation deadlines. The implementation deadlines for environmental standards in Ukraine are strategic issues and require discussion with a wide range of stakeholders. For the L. Pogorilyy UkrNDIPVT, the implementation of the principles of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2018/985 is a strategic opportunity to take methodological and scientifi c leadership and act as a national reference center with direction.
Purpose of the study: to analyze common geometric confi gurations of existing metal grain silo structures, followed by the development of an analytical model of the structure and determination of the ratio of its geometric parameters to minimize material costs while maintaining a constant useful volume by solving the problem using methods of differential calculus of functions of several variables Methods – the study uses a set of theoretical and analytical methods aimed at substantiating the optimal geometric parameters of metal grain silos: analysis and synthesis of technical information; comparative analysis of structures from different manufacturers; methods of differential calculus of functions of several variables; Lagrange multiplier method; geometric modelling of silo elements; graph analytical method; elemental analysis of the material intensity of the structure; statistical analysis of practical data from manufacturers. Results. The analysis showed that the most common and technically feasible design is a silo with a cylindrical body and conical elements. Based on analytical modelling, a relationship between the height and radius of the cylindrical part was obtained, which minimizes the surface area of the structure and is determined by the sum of the secants of the roof and bottom angles. Modelling demonstrated the possibility of reducing material costs by 8-12% compared to typical industrial structures. A comparison with real silos showed that their parameters are close to optimal (deviation ≤ 10%). Conclusions. The results confi rm that optimized silo models, whose size deviations satisfy the condition ≤ 10%, are available on the elevator equipment market. However, the number of MGS models whose size ratios exceed the deviation limits prevails. This is due to the fact that manufacturers neglect optimality for other purposes: versatility of application (fi xed height of rings, standardization of modules), functional requirements (availability of high support for equipment, fast unloading), market conditions (focus on farms with specifi c requirements). The results of the modelling allow for a reduction in structural material costs of 8-12% compared to actual silo designs and can be used in the design of energy-effi cient grain storage facilities. The practical signifi cance of the results obtained lies in establishing a theoretical relationship, which, when taken into account during the design of silos by elevator equipment manufacturers, is aimed at saving material and reducing capital costs. The conclusions of the study can be implemented as an example of mathematical optimization in engineering in the educational process.
The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of technical and technological solutions for the production of wood chips from logging residues. Methods. The research was conducted in the conditions of Maly Polesie, Ukraine, in log houses where continuous felling was carried out using a harvester+forwarder complex of machines. The eff i ciency of eight options for producing wood chips from logging residues using three types of wood chipping machines was determined: «DP 660 TC» with manual material feed, «Farmi CH-27ACC» with mechanized biomass feed, and «Skorpion 350 RBP» – a combined machine based on a trailer chassis with a chip hopper and mechanized material feed. Results. The highest productivity (4.02-7.93 t/h) was obtained for the production of wood chips at sites near the forest road and at the consumer. For fl ow methods of wood chip production at log cabins, the productivity was in the range of 1.27-3.05 t/h. Regarding the reloading methods of wood chip production based on the combined machine (wood chipper-wood cutter) «Skorpion 350 RBP», it should be noted that its productivity was 1.92-3.45 t/h. and depended on the distance of wood chip transportation to the unloading point. The productivity and effi ciency of wood chippers largely depend on the technology of wood chip production and the machines used for its implementation. Conclusions. The most rational from a technical and economic point of view are technological complexes based on the «Farmi CH-27ACC» wood chipper in various technological variations. For boiler houses with a capacity of 1-2 MW, a system of machines for fl ow technology turned out to be promising, and for boiler houses with a capacity of 4-5 MW – for the production of wood chips on sites near the forest road and at the consumer. The payback period of machine complexes is 3.0-3.3 years. For boiler houses with a capacity of up to 1 MWh, the implementation of a system of machines based on the «DP 660 TC» wood chipper is effective, the payback period of which is 3.7 years. The use of «Skorpion 350 RBP» in fl ow technologies for wood chip harvesting is economically inexpedient. The effectiveness of the system of machines based on this wood chipper is manifested in the transshipment technology with the transportation of wood chips to the side of the site for a distance of 0.2 km and in the technology of wood processing on the roadside site. The payback period of the machine system is 6.6-7.5 years.
