Background Perioperative cardiac arrest and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias are critical anaesthetic emergencies associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. The study describes five cardiovascular emergencies across diverse operative settings, highlighting presentation, resuscitation, early outcomes and potential contributing factors. Case presentations Five patients aged 21–55 years experienced severe perioperative cardiovascular events. A man undergoing open hernioplasty for a strangulated inguinal hernia under spinal anaesthesia developed bradycardia followed by ventricular tachycardia (VT). A woman with Glanzmann thrombasthenia developed haemorrhagic shock and pulseless electrical activity during laparotomy. A patient with severe preeclampsia and anaemia experienced a fatal cardiac event during post-caesarean re-exploration. A man undergoing thoracic spine surgery developed post-induction collapse with subsequently documented VT. A postpartum patient with uterine inversion developed pulseless VT. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was reported in all five cases. Four patients survived the immediate event; one maternal death occurred. Rhythm and medication documentation varied across cases. Recommendations: Early identification of cardiovascular instability, continuous haemodynamic monitoring, and prompt rhythm-directed resuscitation are essential for improving perioperative outcomes. Preoperative risk assessment, availability of emergency equipment and blood products, effective multidisciplinary coordination, and structured post-resuscitation care are recommended to enhance patient safety. Conclusion Intraoperative cardiac events included cardiac arrest, and all affected patients were successfully resuscitated, highlighting the importance of early recognition, prompt intervention, and effective perioperative resuscitation strategies. Postoperative echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function, followed by continued clinical monitoring. During follow-up evaluations conducted approximately 4–5 months after surgery, repeat echocardiography demonstrated improvement in cardiac function, particularly left ventricular ejection fraction, which had returned to within normal limits. These findings highlight the importance of timely resuscitation, comprehensive postoperative cardiac assessment, and structured long-term follow-up in evaluating myocardial recovery and favourable cardiovascular outcomes following life-threatening intraoperative cardiac events.
BACKGROUND: The worldwide prevalence of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is about 30%. Early intervention at the stage of fatty liver, or otherwise known as steatotic liver disease (SLD), can prevent the prognosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver biopsy is the definitive diagnostic test for MASLD. However, the ultrasound semi-quantitative Hamaguchi method and lipid accumulation product [LAP] are friendly and cost-effective for follow-up during the treatment. OBJECTIVES: To study the correlation between fatty liver disease with lipid accumulation product and Hamaguchi's score. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults diagnosed with fatty liver in a tertiary care hospital. The participants were graded on the ultrasound by qualitative and semi-quantitative Hamaguchi’s score, and their anthropometric measurements, like waist circumference, height and weight, were documented. The lipid accumulation product was calculated from each individual’s serum triglyceride levels and waist circumference. Descriptive statistics are represented with percentages for qualitative data, mean with SD or median. Appropriate statistical tests, such as the Chi-Square test and t-test, were applied based on the nature of the distribution. RESULTS: The results revealed a moderate positive correlation between serum triglyceride levels and the lipid accumulation product (r = 0.798), as well as a moderate positive correlation between the semi-quantitative Hamaguchi score and qualitative ultrasound grading (r = 0.755). CONCLUSION: Participants identified with fatty liver by ultrasonography showed higher values of BMI, waist circumference, and LAP index, with statistically significant differences (p-value < 0.05).
Background Cigarette smoking remains one of the biggest public health concerns in the world and has contributed a lot to illness and death. Nicotine replacement therapy is a technique for stopping smoking that has been shown to help overcome the withdrawal symptoms and assist in quitting. Objective The objective of this research study is to find out the level of knowledge, perception, and usage of NRT by smokers. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional observational study was performed on 427 adults who are smokers at the outpatient department and smoking cessation clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients were administered a structured questionnaire to assess their sociodemographic characteristics, smoking behaviors, knowledge, perceptions, and use of NRT. Results The mean age of the participants was 38.6 ± 11.2 years, and 84.5% were males. Awareness of NRT products was seen to be 74.5%, and adequate knowledge of NRT was seen to be present in 57.4% of the participants. Positive perception of NRT was seen, and 56.4% thought that NRT is effective, while 50.4% perceived NRT to be safe for smoking cessation. However, 34.4% had ever used NRT. Adequate knowledge (p < 0.001), quit attempt (p < 0.001), graduate education (p < 0.001), and smoking history of more than 10 years (p = 0.006) were significantly associated with NRT use. Conclusion Despite the fairly good knowledge and favorable attitudes towards Nicotine Replacement Therapy in the smokers, there were still some shortcomings in terms of its use. Improved knowledge and reduced misconceptions might lead to increased use of scientifically proven smoking cessation techniques. Recommendation Health care professionals should concentrate on smoking cessation counseling as well as encouraging evidence-based NRT. Public health interventions should focus on raising awareness and lowering misconceptions about safety and addiction, as well as increasing accessibility and affordability of NRT products.
Background Inadequate knowledge of menstrual devices limits adolescent girls’ ability to choose safe, hygienic and sustainable menstrual products. This study assessed the effectiveness of a nurse-led education programme on knowledge regarding various menstrual devices among higher secondary school girls in Kanpur, India. Methodology A pre-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test design was used at Shri Ram Narayan Pandey Inter College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. Sixty eligible girls of Classes XI and XII were selected by non-probability purposive sampling. No randomisation or comparison group was used; all enrolled participants were allocated to a single intervention group and received an identical programme. Knowledge was measured with a validated 22-item self-structured questionnaire before and seven days after a single 60-minute nurse-led session comprising an illustrated lecture, demonstration of sanitary pads, tampons, menstrual cups and period panties, and discussion. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the paired t-test and the chi-square test (α = 0.05). Results At pre-test, 31 (51.7%) girls had inadequate and 29 (48.3%) moderate knowledge; none had adequate knowledge. After the intervention, 54 (90.0%) had adequate and 6 (10.0%) moderate knowledge. The mean knowledge score rose from 11.70 ± 2.80 to 19.83 ± 1.14 (mean difference 8.13; t = 20.85, df = 59, p < 0.001). Pre-test knowledge was significantly associated with age and type of absorbent used, but not with the other demographic variables. Conclusion The nurse-led education programme was effective in improving knowledge regarding various menstrual devices among higher secondary school girls. Recommendations Structured nurse-led menstrual-device education should be integrated into school health programmes, and controlled studies with longer follow-up should evaluate knowledge retention and change in menstrual practices.
Background: Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an emerging cause of acute respiratory infection in children under five years, and no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral exists, so prevention depends largely on household practices led by mothers. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme (STP) on knowledge regarding prevention of HMPV infection among mothers of under-five children. Methodology: A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test–post-test study was conducted in Pachour village, a rural community of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, during February 2025. Sixty mothers of under-five children who understood Hindi, were available during data collection and gave consent were recruited by non-probability convenience sampling; mothers who had previously attended education on HMPV were excluded. Knowledge was measured with a validated 26-item structured multiple-choice questionnaire before and seven days after a single 45-minute STP. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the paired t-test and the chi-square test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: At pre-test, 54 (90.0%) mothers had inadequate, 5 (8.3%) moderate and 1 (1.7%) adequate knowledge. After the STP, 47 (78.3%) had adequate, 12 (20.0%) moderate and 1 (1.7%) inadequate knowledge. The mean knowledge score increased from 9.05 ± 3.76 to 21.28 ± 2.63, a mean gain of 12.23 points (t(59) = 20.65, p < 0.001). Post-test knowledge was not significantly associated with age, education, occupation, family income, type of family, number of children or source of health information (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The STP significantly improved mothers' knowledge regarding prevention of HMPV infection, and the improvement was consistent across socio-demographic groups. Recommendation: Community health nurses should incorporate brief structured HMPV-prevention education into routine maternal and child health contacts, and controlled multi-site studies should evaluate knowledge retention and preventive practices.
