U radu su prikazani rezultati pedoloških istraživanja u sastojinama Pančićeve omorike (Picea omorika /Panč./Purkyne) zahvaćenih požarima i dijelovi koji nisu opožareni, kao i drugih tretmana primjenjenih u projektu Franklinia (2021–2023). Cilj istraživanja u ovom radu je prikaz fizičkih i hemijskih osobina na tretiranim dijelovima sastojina i pedološka klasifikacija profila. Istraživanjem je analizirano 8 pedoloških profila, od kojih je 7 analizirano i laboratorijski. Pedološki profili su otvoreni na lokalitetima Tesla, Gostilja, Veliki Stolac, Studenac i Trenice. Pet analiziranih profila pripada tipu koluvijuma, a po 1 profil pripada tipovima crnica na krečnjaku, kalkokambisol i eutrični kambisol. Dubina analiziranih profila kod koluvijuma kreće se od 30 do 40 cm. Po pravilu su to vrlo skeletna zemljišta (10-75%). Teksturni sastav analiziranih profila kreće se od praškastih ilovača kod koluvijuma i crnice, preko pjeskovito-glinovitih ilovača kod kalkokambisola, do glinuša kod eutričnog kambisola. Sadržaj humusa svih analiziranih profila je visok. Reakcije zemljišta u vodi kreću se od neutralne do umjereno alkalne. Obezbjeđenost lakopristupačnim oblicima fosfora i kalijuma u granicama je od slabe do srednje. Potencijal istraživanih zemljišta za rast i razvoj sastojina omorika je ograničen, najviše zbog skeletnosti.
Šumarstvo u Republici Srpskoj ima strateški značaj u kontekstu održivog razvoja, očuvanja prirodnih resursa i ekonomskog napretka. U radu je izvršena analiza uspješnosti poslovanja JPŠ „Šume Republike Srpske“ a.d. Sokolac u periodu od 2013. do 2022. godine. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ocijeni finansijska stabilnost, efikasnost i profitabilnost preduzeća, te da se identifikuju ključni faktori koji utiču na poslovne rezultate. Istraživanje je zasnovano na analizi zvaničnih Proizvodno-finansijskih planova i Izvještaja o njihovoj realizaciji, uz primjenu kombinovanog metodološkog pristupa koji integriše deskriptivnu, komparativnu i analitičku metodu. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na stabilan rast prihoda i rashoda tokom posmatranog perioda, uz činjenicu da je poslovanje u većini godina bilo na granici ekonomičnosti. Uočeni su visoki troškovi radne snage, ograničena diversifikacija izvora prihoda i nedovoljno iskorišćeni potencijali bioloških investicija. Unapređenje poslovanja zahtijeva racionalizaciju troškova, jačanje operativne efikasnosti, modernizaciju poslovnih procesa i povećanje ulaganja u razvojne i inovativne aktivnosti, čime bi se osigurala dugoročna održivost i konkurentnost preduzeća u šumarskom sektoru Republike Srpske.
From October 2022 to October 2024, a series of mycological field studies were conducted in peatlands in Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on two bogs – Đilda’s bog and Bijambare bog. As a result, several interesting and characteristic fungal species were recorded. This paper presents Phaeonematoloma myosotis, Arrhenia leucotricha, Arrhenia philonotis, Cortinarius flexipes, Geoglossum sphagnophilum, Monilinia baccarum, Elliottinia kerneri, and Sarcoleotia cinnamomea.
Serbian spruce (Picea omorika Pančić/Purkyně) is a Tertiary relict and an endemic species of the Balkan Peninsula, whose limited distribution range and pronounced ecological specificity make the study of its physical properties particularly important. The objective of this research was to determine the differences in wood density between Serbian spruce originating from plantations and from natural stands, as well as to analyze the variation of density in both axial and radial directions. The research was carried out at five locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Dubrava, Srebrenica, Gostilja, Stolac 1, and Stolac 2), using a total of 3,117 specimens. Wood density was determined in the oven-dry, air-dry, and green states, as well as by its nominal value. The average oven-dry wood density was 0.421 g/cm³ in plantations and 0.487 g/cm³ in natural stands. An increase in density with tree height was observed in natural stands, which contrasts with the typical trend in spruce and suggests an adaptive mechanism of the trees to static and dynamic loads. Radially, the density increased from pith to bark, consistent with the higher proportion of latewood. Significant correlations were established between wood density, ring width, and the proportion of latewood. The obtained results indicate that Serbian spruce can represent a sustainable alternative to Norway spruce in technical and industrial applications.
Tema požara u šumama Pančićeve omorike je prisutna on njenog otkrića. Malo je lokaliteta na kojima isti nisu napravili ogromne štete, a zabilježeni su i pozitivni efekti požara u njenoj prirodnoj obnovi. Najveći opisani do sada su požari 1946–1947. godine kada su brojne sastojine Pančićeve omorike zauvijek izgubljene ili značajno degradirane. Požari koji su se dogodili 2021. godine na lokalitetima Gostilja i Veliki Stolac (Višegrad) su drastično izmijenili opis ovih sastojina. Već u ljeto 2024. godine buktio je požar u kanjonu Crnog potoka (NP „Drina“ – Srebrenica) koji je djelimično prošao i kroz šume omorike. Obilazeći ove sastojine (intenzivno u poslednje tri godine), snimajući stanje, prateći promjene, autori daju uporedni prikaz sa stanjem prije požara iz 2020. godine, detaljno opisuju trenutno stanje i predlažu neophodne aktivnosti.
Roads pose a significant threat to wildlife, particularly in biodiversity-rich regions such as the Nilgiris (India). This preliminary study documents patterns of wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVC) in the Doddabetta region, focusing on taxonomic diversity, seasonal variation, and species-specific vulnerability. A total of 80 individuals from 19 species were recorded as roadkill across 60 randomly selected days, with reptiles especially the endemic Salea horsfieldii showing the highest incidence. The data suggest a strong correlation between roadkill events and seasonal activity patterns, particularly during breeding periods. Contributing factors include high vehicle speeds, roadside garbage that attracts prey species, and inadequate driver awareness. The study underscores the urgent need for mitigation measures such as wildlife crossings, dynamic signage, and impact assessments of existing and proposed roads. As the findings are based on limited, randomly timed surveys, we recommend future research with systematic seasonal monitoring during both day and night to better understand the broader ecological implications. This study provides baseline data for developing conservation strategies in high-risk zones like Doddabetta.
This paper presents the records of Astragalus muelleri Steud. & Hochst., new species for the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina, found at two localities on the rocky, sub-Mediterranean pastures of the slopes of Žaba Mt in the municipality of Neum. Collected specimens belong to subsp. muelleri, which has considered endemic to western Balkans (Croatia and Montenegro) so far. With these records, the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina is richer in one endemic Balkan taxon.
Prema IUCN kategorizaciji Pančićeva omorika je procijenjena kao globalno ugrožena vrsta (EN-Endangered). Danas se najveći broj njenih prirodnih sastojina u Srbiji nalazi u Nacionalnom parku Tara sa prvim režimom zaštite. Ovo zahtijeva praćenje njenog populacionog stanja i brojnosti stabla u prostoru i kroz vrijeme. Ipak, prošlo je više od 70 godina kada je Čolić detaljnije prikazao areal prirodnih nalazišta Pančićeve omorike. U međuvremenu, brojni istraživači se pozivaju na ove nalaze, pojedinačno opisuju nova nalazišta ili svoja istraživanja baziraju na manji broj dobro poznatih lokaliteta. U periodu 2020.–2025. godine autori su obišli sve lokalitete u Srbiji koji su u literaturi navedeni od vremena opisa ove vrste do danas. Ulazeći u svaku poznatu sastojinu, prilazeći svakom opisanom stablu detaljno su iscrtane granice prirodnih sastojina, konstatovano je trenutno stanje, mjereni prečnici i visine, evidentiran podmladak, opisan svaki lokalitet pojedinačno, a brojno stanje procjenjivano sa terena ili dronom iz vazduha. Istraživanja su vršena na ukupno 53 lokaliteta, gdje je konstatovano da se omorika javlja (u većim ili manjim grupama) na 26 lokaliteta, pojedinačna stabla na 8 lokaliteta, dok na 19 lokaliteta nije pronađeno nijedno stablo omorike. Na osnovu brojnosti stabala i stvarnog stanja na terenu sve obrađene prirodne sastojine su podijeljene u tri grupe od najstabilnijih do najugroženijih. Svaka sastojina je predstavljena poligonom na preglednim kartama, svako pojedinačno stablo adekvatnom oznakom, a svi georeferencirani podaci dati su u elektronskoj formi kao prilog uz ovaj rad.
Optimization of the skid roads network is a critical aspect of planning forest harvesting operations, as timber transport (including extraction and long-distance road transport) represents the most expensive stage of timber production. This task entails a well-structured spatial distribution of skid roads, essential for timber extraction using tractors, skidders, forwarders, or animal assistance. A high-quality spatial distribution of skid roads enables efficient timber utilization. The primary indicator of the spatial distribution of skid roads is relative forest accessibility, with optimization efforts aimed at increasing this indicator within compartments above 90%. Achieving such optimization level relies on employing spatial and statistical analysis techniques on vector and raster data concerning terrain stand conditions, and the current state of secondary forest road infrastructure, facilitated by GIS tools. These methods allow for precise evaluation and planning enhancing both efficiency and cost-effectiveness in timber transport. The research results show a significant increase in the total length of tractor roads, from 3,311.15 m to 4,152.15 m, with a corresponding density increase from 84.55 to 106.33 m/ha based on forest compartment area of 39.16.ha. The average skidding distance ranges from 95 m to 111 m for the existing and upgraded skid road networks. The relative forest accessibility is 81% for the existing skid roads network, while for the upgraded skid roads network is around 97%. The primary goal of the research is achieved.
Obrazovanje u oblasti šumarstva u Republici Srpskoj odvija se kroz srednjoškolsko i visoko obrazovanje i predstavlja jedan od najvažnijih elemenata razvoja šumarstva kao privredne grane. Reforma prema Bolonjskoj deklaraciji uticala je na promjene tradicionalnog obrazovanja, a praćena je povećanjem broja visokoškolskih obrazovnih institucija i smanjenjem broja učenika i studenata kao i brojnim problemima u primjeni reformskih principa. Specifičnosti obrazovanja u šumarstvu potiču od društvenog značaja šuma i njihovih funkcija. Savremeni trendovi koji se odnose na bioekonomiju, klimatske promjene, biodiverzitet, obnovljive izvore energije, inovacije i informacione tehnologije zahtijevaju nova znanja u šumarstvu i efikasna prilagođavanja obrazovnog sistema. Za donošenje odluka o pravcima razvoja obrazovanja u šumarstvu potrebno je stalno praćenje društvenih i tehnoloških promjena. Ovaj rad odnosi se na analizu stanja obrazovanja u šumarstvu i može predstavljati solidnu osnovu za upisnu politiku i uočavanje ključnih problema te kreiranje ciljeva i mjera za njihovo ostvarivanje.
Field research in Duga Njiva was conducted during the growing season of 2023. A total of 372 species and subspecies of vascular plants were found. Compositae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, and Poaceae are among the most present families. The percentage supremacy of hemicryptophytes was determined in the biological spectrum of the flora of Duga Njiva. Phytogeographical analysis confirmed the dominance of European-Caucasian, Central European, and Eurasian floristic elements. The presence of six strictly protected and protected species was confirmed in the research area, as follows: Cephalanthera damasonium, Cephalanthera longifolia, Ilex aquifolium, Platanthera bifolia, Ruscus aculeatus, and Ruscus hypoglossum.
During the 3-year field research in the Sarajevo Canton (from 2019 to 2022), numerous new sites for many alien species were noted. Three of them were covered by this paper. These are: Digitalis purpurea L., Symphyotrichum novi belgii (L.) G. L. Nelson and Armoracia rusticiana Gaertn., Mey et Scherb.. The aim of the research and the paper is to provide new data on these species. This is important for the lack of specific data for alien species about their distribution, environmental conditions in which they develop, which can be very important in fight against them or in their adequate control. For each locality, where the plants were found, number of other parameters were provided, such as: altitude, latitude and longitude, soil type and phytocenological affiliation. Altitude, latitude and longitude were determined by the "MagelaneXplorist 500" GPS. Maps were also done with help of the "ArcGis Pro 2.8.4." program with registered localities. The name of plants were aligned with the www.europlusmed.org. Numerous papers and material from the "Herbarium Collection of the National Museum of BiH – SARA" were reviewed, and yet it was found out that all the localities were new for the researched species. Here we provided all previously published and data on herbarized plants for the whole of BiH.
Although oaks are one of the dendrochronologically/dendroecologically most studied tree species in Europe, one of the regions where such research has not been carried out much is the area of Serbia. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to analyze and determine the nature of the dependence between the radial growth of the oak trees on the air temperature and the amount of precipitation in two stands in warmer site conditions in the Đerdap National Park. Stand BR100a is located in Management Unit "Boljetinska reka", compartament 100, stand a, and stand LR031b in MU "Leva reka", compartament 31, stand b. BR100a is located at approximately 395 m above sea level, on a southern slope and classified as Quercetum montanum tilietosum tomentosae Mišić 1997, and LR031b belongs to the community Querco-Fagetum Glišić 1971 and is located at approximately 590 m above sea level, on a south/southwesthern exposure. In order to analyze the radial increment, define master chronologies, and determine the common signal in the growth of the Sessile oak and the dependence of the increment on the climate elements, the dominant trees of this species were cored (20 trees in BR100a and 18 trees in LR031b), with two cores from each tree at the height of 1.3 m. Measurements of the total size of radial growth (RW), early- (EW) and late-wood growth (LW) were made. Standard dendrochronological- statistical indicators were used to quantify the level of agreement between the tree’s growth pattern within the sample, and and generally the quality of the sample, both for empirical and a series of growth indices of all increment components (chronologies). To assess the influence of temperature and precipitation on the growth of this tree species four methodological approaches were used: (1) correlations between three-month (seasonal) temperature and precipitation values with residual chronology, (2) correlations between monthly temperatures and precipitation with residual chronology, (3) the so-called response functions and (4) correlation between SPEI drought index with residual chronology. The research results on the reaction of the sessile oak from two stands in the NP "Đerdap" showed that this tree species in warmer sites is sensitive to the amount of precipitation in the summer months, when higher amounts of precipitations, especially in July, lead to the formation of significantly higher annual radial increment amounts and vice versa. The results of the application of the SPEI drought index also showed that wetter abundance is especially favourable for the Sessile oak in such site conditions, where the lack of precipitation in combination with high evapotranspiration can significantly reduce growth and create conditions for the occurrence of devitalization of trees. The observed initial, slightly alarming indications of less successful growth and reduction in the vitality of trees and forests of this tree species nowadays when there are reduced precipitation and more pronounced temperatures compared to the multi-decade averages, are partly mitigated by the results showing that the variations of growth sessile oak are much less affected by temperature variations than precipitation. Such observation indicates that oak, even in warmer sites, is still sufficiently resistant to the negative impact of above-average temperatures in the summer months. Expectedly, it was determined that a stronger climate signal was detected in the total size of the radial increment and the increment of LW than in the increment of EW. The obtained results have a preliminary character, bearing in mind that the goal of this work was to acquire basic knowledge about the dendroecological response of the oak in two localities within the area of NP "Đerdap". In order to make much more detailed conclusions about the dendroclimatological reaction of the oak trees in these, but also in other site conditions, additional research is necessary, which will expand the existing knowledge about the influence of climate on the growth of this tree species and enrich the spectrum of the obtained results.
The paper describes the physical and chemical properties of limestone Mollic leptosols, as one of the most common soil types in the forest management area "Mrkonjićko". Research was carried out in two forest management units (FMU): "Dubička gora" in compartment 60 and "Ovčara", in compartments 18 and 64. The „Mrkonjićko“ forest management area is located in the southwestern part of the Republic of Srpska, under the influence of a mountain climate. The research aims to study the physical and chemical properties of limestone Mollic leptosols in different environmental conditions and define their ecological production potential. Three soil profiles were opened, and soil samples were taken from genetic horizons. The laboratory analysis included investigations of the soil's standard physical and chemical properties. The total depth of the analyzed profiles ranges from 16 to 20 cm. The textural class is loam, while the soil reaction in H2O is neutral. Analyzed soils are poor in available phosphorus, and the supply of K2O ranges from medium to good. The physical and chemical properties of the investigated soil profiles are generally favorable for the growth and development of vegetation. However, the depth of this soil type is a limiting factor in its productivity.
Tokom trogodišnjih terenskih istraživanja na području Kantona Sarajevo (od 2019. do 2022) identifikovali smo nova nalazišta tri strane vrste: Digitalis purpurea L., Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G. L. Nelson i Armoracia rusticiana Gaertn., Mey et Scherb. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je prikupiti i prikazati nove konkretne podatke o rasprostranjenosti i ekološkim uslovima u kojima se razvijaju ove alohtone i invazivne vrste, što može biti od velike važnosti u borbi protiv njih i njihovom adekvatnom kontrolisanju. Za svaki lokalitet gdje su pronađene biljke priložili smo niz dodatnih informacija kao što su: nadmorska visina, geografska širina i dužina, tip zemljišta te pripadnost fitocenološkom redu. Pregledana je dostupna literatura i materijal herbarijumske zbirke Zemaljskog muzeja BiH – SARA, te je utvrđeno da su svi lokaliteti novi za istraživane vrste. Priloženi su svi ranije publikovani podaci, kao i podaci o primjercima prisutnim u herbarijumu SARA za područje Bosne i Hercegovine.
Taxus baccata L. is a rare species in the forests of Serbia, holding the status of a protected species as a tertiary relic. Contrary to the distribution in forests, the species is represented in parks. Yew is a dioecious species that bears fruit every or every other year, and the seeds are surrounded by a fleshy red covering that is extremely attractive. Data on the morphological characteristics of yew seeds are limited to a few literature sources due to the infrequent collection of seeds and significantly more frequent propagation by vegetative means. Seeds were collected during the fall of 2021 from 13 yew trees (11 trees from Belgrade and one from Novi Sad and Vrdnik) to investigate their morphological characteristics. The morphological characteristics of the seeds (length and width of the seeds diameter and shape of the seed scar, as well as dry weight of the seeds) from these trees are within the limits of the values reported in the literature for yew seeds. Significant variability in seed characteristics between the observed trees was proven using analysis of variance, and then grouping was performed using post-hoc Tukey HSD. Individual trees that are spatially close to each other showed a higher degree of seed similarity than spatially distant trees, as confirmed by cluster analysis (Tree Clustering, Single Linkage-Euclidean distances).
A study of the vascular flora of aquatic and amphibious habitats along the Modrac reservoir and adjacent marshes, Šerićka bara, and Mosorovac bara was conducted during the vegetation season 2018. In total, 68 plant species from 36 families were identified. The families with the highest taxa were Cyperaceae and Lamiaceae, and the most numerous genera were Carex and Mentha. The dominant plant life forms were hemicryptophytes and hydrophytes, while in chorological analysis dominated Euroasian floral elements. Generalists, the pioneers of secondary succession, and competitive species were the most common social behavior types of plants. Threatened vulnerable species Marsilea quadrifolia L., Veronica anagallis-aquatica L., the least concerned species Butomus umbellatus L., and species that are protected by Berns convention Trapa natans L. were recorded in the researched area. Invasive plant species with predominance of Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray, Bidens frondosus L., and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. were common. The researched area is typical for progradational stages and intensive overgrowth of marshes with vegetation of reed and cattail, and a good representation of macrophytes Trapa natans L. and Rorippa amphibia (L.) Besser in littoral area of Modrac reservoir.
U radu su prezentovani rezultati dendroekoloških istraživanja u dvema sastojinama hrasta kitnjaka na toplijim staništima na području Nacionalnog parka „Đerdap”. Za sagledavanje uticaja temperature i padavina na prirast (radijalni prirast – RW, prirast kasnog drveta – LW i prirast ranog drveta – EW) ove vrste drveća korišćena su četiri metodološka pristupa: korelacije između tromesečnih (sezonskih) veličina temperature i padavina i rezidualne hronologije, korelacije između mesečnih temperatura i padavina i rezidualne hronologije, tzv. odzivne funkcije i korelacije između SPEI indeksa suše i rezidualne hronologije. Rezultati su pokazali veliku senzitivnost hrasta kitnjaka prema padavinama u letnjim mesecima, na taj način da veće količine padavina u leto, naročito u julu, prouzrokuju statistički značajno veće iznose prirasta. Variranje prirasta mnogo je manje uslovljeno varijacijama temperature, pri čemu je registrovan slabiji negativan uticaj viših julskih i avgustovskih temperatura na veličinu prirasta. Konstatovano je da je u ukupnoj veličini radijalnog prirasta i u prirastu kasnog drveta detektovan jači klimatski signal nego u prirastu ranog drveta. Utvrđena reakcija hrasta kitnjaka u ovde analiziranim toplijim stanišnim uslovima u pogledu prirasta i njegove zavisnosti od klime slična je reakciji kitnjaka iz sastojina u neposrednom okruženju NP „Đerdap” i iz drugih okolnih zemalja koje se karakterišu srodnim klimatskim uslovima.
Cilj ovog rada jeste da se izvrši analiza upravljanja zaštićenim područjima u Republici Srbiji, sa posebnim osvrtom na upravljanje zaštićenim područjima koja su poverena Javnom preduzeću za gazdovanje šumama „Srbijašume”. Srbija se odlikuje bogatom i raznovrsnom prirodnom baštinom koja se ogleda kroz širok spektar geološke, geomorfološke, pedološke, klimatske, hidrološke i biološke raznovrsnosti. Veliki broj i raznovrsnost biljnih i životinjskih vrsta, njihovih zajednica i ekosistema čine Srbiju „Evropom u malom” i jednim od centara evropske biološke raznovrsnosti. U cilju očuvanja i unapređenja prirodnih vrednosti posebni, pojedini delovi ili ekosistemi prirode, kao i vrste proglašavaju se za zaštićena prirodna dobra. Prema Zakonu o zaštiti prirode, zaštićena prirodna dobra u Srbiji su zaštićena područja, zaštićene vrste i pokretna zaštićena prirodna dokumenta. Prirodna dobra stavljaju se pod zaštitu aktom nadležnog organa: zakonom koji donosi Narodna skupština, uredbom Vlade Republike Srbije, rešenjem ili odlukom jedinice lokalne samouprave. Javno preduzeće za gazdovanje šumama „Srbijašume” upravlja sa 54 zaštićena područja na površini 348 725 ha, što čini 51,4% ukupne površine zaštićenih područja u Srbiji (691 434 ha ili 7,81% površine Republike Srbije). Očuvanje, zaštita i unapređivanje prirodnih vrednosti predstavlja deo strategije i jedan je od ključnih ciljeva u poslovnoj politici JP „Srbijašume”, jednog od vodećih preduzeća u upravljanju zaštićenim područjima. Od ukupne površine zaštićenih područja, u režimu zaštite I stepena je 9 446 ha (2,71%), u II stepenu zaštite je 64 679 ha (18,52%), a u III stepenu zaštite je 274 700 ha (78,77%).
Ensuring the protection of natural environments is vital for the prosperity of future generations. In all forested regions of the globe, local traditions have been essential in creating healthy human-forest relationships. These practices can be summed up as Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), forming an increasingly important factor to consider when developing practical and effective forestry policy. Despite the international community’s gradual acceptance of TEK as a valid policy guide, the field of forestry in many regions of the world continually ignores this crucial concept. As such, many forest ecosystems are harvested in ways that do not reflect the values of local - and often indigenous - communities, resulting in socio-economic divisions and unsustainable environmental degradation. This paper examines the state of TEK in the forestry sector through conducting a comprehensive literature synthesis of thirty-six published papers. Based on trends within the selected literature, the majority of articles identify TEK as providing social, political and economic benefits to the forestry sector. The literature also indicates that governmental and non-governmental forestry actors have and continue to neglect TEK as a policy tool, with 72% of the works examined directly discussing the damaging effects of this trend. The implications of these results are discussed in the light of temporal issues relating to the forestry sector, providing an impetus for both academics and leaders in forestry to consider the importance of TEK in policy and research.
