Background: Pressure ulcers are a significant concern commonly encountered by the elderly, both in medical institutions and domestic settings. The worldwide incidence of pressure ulcers in the elderly varies from 3.3% to 11.1%. In Indonesia, 95% of the elderly are autonomous, although 5% exhibit varied degrees of reliance, ranging from mild to complete. Preventive interventions include wound care, adequate nutrition, regular position changes, and the use of moisturizers such as olive oil. Aim : To determine the effect of using olive oil in the care of pressure ulcers in the elderly. MethodThe researcher used a systematic literature review method with five databases: Clinical Key, PubMed, Garuda, SAGE, and ProQuest, focusing on publications from 2015 to 2024. The included studies were Randomized Controlled Trials and Case-Control Studies that involved elderly > 60 years old participants as samplesResults: Based on the literature review, three RCT and quasi-experimental articles indicated that olive oil is effective in reducing the severity of pressure ulcers and the risk of worsening. Conclusion: Based on the research articles reviewed and analyzed, olive oil has been proven effective in preventing and accelerating the healing of stage 1 and 2 pressure ulcers, with a large effect size (Cohen’s d ≈ 0.97–1.5). Olive oil can be considered as a treatment option for pressure ulcers in the elderly due to its accessibility and affordability.
Contamination by black mold in healthcare facilities can increase patient safety incidents through respiratory problems, allergic reactions, and healthcare associated infections. Enviromental factors such as high humidity and poor air quality support black mold growth. This study aimed to evaluate environmental conditions that potentially trigger black mold proliferation and their implications for patient safety in the Emergency Department (ED). An observational method was conducted by measuring temperature, humidity, and air quality from Juli-September 2025. An observational method was conducted by measuring temperature, humidity, and air quality from Juli-September 2025. Temperature and humidity were measured using the Thermo Hygrometer HTC-2, while air quality was assessed using the LKC-1000 Particle Counter in accordance with the Ministry of Health Regulation No.40 of 2022 and the World Health Organization Air Quality Guidelines 2021. The result showed that the ED environment contained conditions conducive to black mold growth. Room humidity ranged from 66,9% to 78,3%, exceeding the recomended standard of 60%. The PM2,5 concentration in the nurse station reached 19,4 µg/m3 higher than the WHO standard of 15 µg/m3. The findings emphasized the needs for corrective measures including increasing fresh air supply, improving ventilation system with at least 6 ACH, and implementing MERV13 air filtration to reduce environmental risk associated with black mold. In conclusion, the presence of black mold can threaten patient safety; therefore, hospital environmental management interventions are necessary to suppress mold growth.
Kefir is a probiotic-rich functional beverage, and the addition of fruit enhances its nutritional composition, sensory characteristics, and consumer acceptability. This study analyzed twelve types of mixed fruit kefir and milk-based fruit kefir, focusing on nutritional value, sugar content, acidity, fiber levels, total bacterial count, and acceptability. The results showed that energy content ranged from 29.4 to 78.2 kcal per 100 grams, with mango kefir (50%) having the highest energy value. Protein content varied from 1.5% to 2.5%, with banana kefir (30%) containing the highest amount. Sugar content ranged from 1.6% to 12.6%, while acidity levels varied from 1.0% to 1.8%, influencing taste and microbial stability. Fiber content ranged from 1.2% to 3.4%, and total bacterial count varied between 26,666,667 and 2,247,000,000 CFU/g, confirming kefir’s probiotic potential.Sensory analysis revealed that mango kefir (50%) and pineapple kefir (50%) were the most preferred, while banana kefir (30%) had the lowest acceptability. These findings suggest that fruit-based kefir formulations can optimize both nutritional value and sensory appeal, positioning kefir as a highly nutritious and functional beverage.
This study examined the relationship between digital media consumption, peer influence, tobacco advertising exposure, and anxiety levels among adolescents in Jakarta, Indonesia. Using a mixed methods approach, data were collected from 1,278 junior and senior high school students through multi-stage cluster sampling surveys and focus group discussions. Quantitative results showed that 72.8% of respondents experienced anxiety, social media usage (p = 0.000), social media use at late night (OR = 2.153; 95% CI: 1.643–2.822; p = 0.000), and peer influence (OR = 2.434; 95% CI: 1.772–3.342; p = 0.000) were significantly associated with anxiety. Peer influence was identified as the strongest predictor of anxiety, nearly doubling the likelihood of experiencing anxiety. Exposure to tobacco advertising on social media showed no statistically significant association with anxiety (p = 0.162). Qualitative findings highlighted the role of peer relationships in providing emotional support and influencing smoking behaviors as coping mechanisms for anxiety. These findings emphasize the need to address social dynamics and digital media habits in adolescent mental health interventions. Policymakers and educators should prioritize strategies promoting moderated social media use and supportive peer environments to mitigate anxiety in youth within Indonesia’s evolving digital landscape.
Background: Anemia among adolescents is a health problem requiring special attention, with 16% of 50 adolescents affected. Iron deficiency is the main cause, thus adequate education and information are needed to improve knowledge and attitudes toward anemia prevention. Interactive and communicative educational media are essential. Monopoly-based games offer engaging methods to deliver health messages. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of GEMARA (Monopoly Educational Game on Anemia) using the Health Belief Model approach in improving adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes toward anemia prevention. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 40 FORPIS PMI Yogyakarta members using total sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS 23 using paired sample t-test. Results: Knowledge improved significantly from fair (47.4%) and good (47.4%) to predominantly good (76.3%), with no poor category remaining. Positive attitudes increased from 50% to 100%. Statistical tests confirmed significant improvements (p=0.000; p=0.002). Conclusion: GEMARA is effective in improving adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes toward anemia prevention through the Health Belief Model approach.
Adenomyosis is a benign uterine condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue within the myometrium. This study aimed to analyze the association between blood pressure and body mass index with the incidence of adenomyosis. This study employed a case control design, in which the case group comprised patients diagnosed with adenomyosis, while the control group consisted of patients with uterine leiomyoma. The research was conducted at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Surakarta. A total of 221 medical record samples were collected using purposive sampling from 2020 to 2024, consisting of 130 cases of adenomyosis and 91 controls of uterine leiomyoma. Clinical variables including blood pressure, body mass index, age, parity, and residence were assessed. Data analysis was performed using Chi-Square tests. The results showed a significant association between blood pressure and the incidence of adenomyosis, with hypertensive women having a 2.7-fold higher risk of adenomyosis compared to normotensive women. In contrast, there was no significant association between body mass index and adenomyosis. In conclusion, the findings suggest that hypertension is a more prominent risk factor than obesity in the development of adenomyosis. Future studies involving to enhance preventive strategies and optimize clinical management.
The best nourishment for newborns is breast milk., as it contains all the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. If given water or other fluids, babies will quickly feel full and will no longer want to breastfeed. Because the images are similar to the subject, using audio-modified breastfeeding quartet cards can help explain problems in the pictures and motivate nursing moms to read and use the proper breastfeeding techniques for their infants. It is hoped that education using audio-modified quartet cards will change behavior. The goal is to create audio-modified quartet cards and gamification to improve breastfeeding behavior. A control group and an intervention group were included in this study's quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design. Eight treatments, including teaching materials utilizing a nursing quartet card game and audio-modification for four weeks, were given to a sample of thirty-two respondents who were placed in the intervention group. In the meantime, the control group just got prenatal education classes, questionnaires, and no further treatments. The analysis yielded a p-value of 0.000, indicating that the implementation of audio-modified breastfeeding quartet card gamification by the intervention group was more successful in improving breastfeeding behavior among mothers than the control group, which only received education through prenatal classes. There was a 2.1% increase in behavior in the control group and a 99% increase in the intervention group. Compared to the control group, which only received education through prenatal classes, the intervention group using audio-modified breastfeeding quartet card gamification was more successful in improving breastfeeding behavior in mothers, according to the analysis of unpaired data test with a p-value of 0.000. Sion's Quartet Card Breastfeeding (Modified Audio) To Develop Breastfeeding Behavior.
Delivering high-quality healthcare services relies on the performance of hospital staff. Various determinants, both internal and external, significantly impact this performance. While optimal performance typically fosters employee satisfaction, suboptimal performance can result in dissatisfaction, subsequently diminishing the overall organizational effectiveness of the hospital. The objective of this scoping review is to identify the factors influencing hospital employee performance and their satisfaction. This study adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Literature searches was performed across three major databases: Scopus, PubMed, and ProQuest databases. 1,332 literature items identified from the selected databases. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Fifteen literatures included in this review was of medium quality (score 7-8) and high quality (score 9-10) This review identified factors affecting hospital employee performance. Internal factors affecting employee performance include emotional intelligence, work stress, digital stress, work-family conflict, benefits, housing, rewards, satisfaction, and spirituality. External factors affecting employee performance include environment, hospital type, organization, performance management system, work conflict, flexi-time, open communication, toxic leaders, planning, and team focus. It was concluded that a holistic understanding of these variables is essential for hospital management to enhance service quality and organizational performance.
Diabetic ulcer is the most common complication in patients with diabetes mellitus, and Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant bacterial cause of infection. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of the blaZ gene as a penicillin-resistance marker in S. aureus isolated from diabetic ulcer swabs. This research was a descriptive quantitative study. The study population consisted of patients with diabetic ulcers treated at the Diabetes Wound Care Center Branch in Surabaya. Respondents (samples) were selected using purposive sampling, with inclusion criteria being patients diagnosed with diabetic ulcers and eligible for swab collection. A total of 30 ulcer swab samples were obtained between April and May 2025. Isolation and identification were conducted at the Bacteriology Laboratory of Poltekkes Surabaya, resulting in 16 isolates (54%) identified as S. aureus. Among these, 10 isolates (62.5%) were resistant to penicillin G. Detection of the blaZ gene using Real-Time PCR at the Molecular Biology Laboratory of Poltekkes Surabaya showed that 8 isolates (80%) were positive for the gene. These findings indicate that most penicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates carry the blaZ gene, suggesting high potential for β-lactamase production. Future studies are recommended to include larger sample sizes, analyze additional resistance genes, and investigate clinical factors influencing the emergence of antibiotic resistance in diabetic ulcers.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remains one of the major public health challenges, particularly in tropical countries such as Indonesia. Conventional vector control strategies, such as fogging and mosquito breeding site eradication, have encountered significant obstacles, including insecticide resistance and limited long-term effectiveness. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of various natural attractants as an alternative approach to attracting Aedes mosquitoes through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 24 published articles from 2020 to 2025. The attractants analyzed include fermented rice straw water, coconut husks, fermented sugar solutions, as well as grass-based and plant semiochemical attractants. The review results indicate that fermented rice straw water is the most effective attractant for Aedes mosquitoes, especially for gravid females, due to its organic compounds produced during fermentation, such as ammonia and volatile acids. Sugar solutions, particularly in the form of Attractive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB), also show high effectiveness in both attracting and killing mosquitoes. In contrast, coconut husk attractants tend to be less effective and their performance varies depending on environmental conditions. Grass-based attractants such as Megathyrsus maximus also show potential but still require broader field validation. Based on a literature review of 24 studies, it can be concluded that straw-soaked water is the most effective attractant. This is effective with 3-7 days of fermentation at warm temperatures and in dark containers. Environmental health implications include its suitability as a low-cost lure and kill. Integrating natural attractants with attract-and-kill approaches such as ATSB can enhance the effectiveness of dengue control programs in a sustainable manner, especially in resource-limited settings.
Arctium lappa L. (burdock) root contains phytochemicals—including flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds—reported to exhibit immunomodulatory activity. This study evaluated the safety of Arctium lappa L. root extract through a 28-day post-test experimental design involving male and female Wistar rats. Eight animals were randomized into four groups receiving oral doses of 0, 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg BW/day. Lymphocyte counts were measured using an automated analyzer, and splenic histopathology was assessed on Hematoxylin–Eosin–stained sections using semiquantitative scoring. Lymphocyte values (mean ± SD) showed no significant differences among groups (p > 0.05; small effect size) and remained within physiological limits, with males ranging from 4.14 ± 0.21 to 7.96 ± 0.34 ×10³/µL and females from 2.04 ± 0.18 to 15.43 ± 0.52 ×10³/µL. No necrotic lesions were identified in any dose group. Splenic congestion and extramedullary hematopoiesis were mild to moderate, remaining below 30–50% involvement without architectural disruption. These findings indicated that repeated oral exposure to A. lappa extract up to 450 mg/kg BW/day did not induce structural injury or suppress immune-cell profiles, supporting its preliminary safety for further toxicological and immunopharmacological investigation.
Research has been done on dyspepsia in adolescents, but it is still rare to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and dyspepsia symptoms. Dyspepsia is a common health issue that affects a significant portion of the population, poor sleep quality may exacerbate gastrointestinal. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and dyspepsia syndrome among students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur. This cross-sectional study involved 208 participants from the Public Health program. Data were collected through structured questionnaires Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) assessing sleep quality and dyspepsia syndrome. Dyspepsia syndrome was measured by Criteria Rome IV (score 4-6 are categorized as dyspepsia syndrome). Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participant. The primary outcome of the study was the prevalence of dyspepsia syndrome from medical report, which was found in 88.9% of respondents. While, 79.3% of students reported poor sleep quality, with a p-value of 0,000 (p<0.05), indicating a strong association. There are significant associations between sleep quality and dyspepsia syndrome, our study contributes to the understanding of dyspepsia syndrome by highlighting the critical role of sleep quality. This research provides insights into the need for educational interventions aimed at improving sleep hygiene among students.
According to a survey conducted by Kemendikbudristek, the majority of sexual violence took place in universities, 65 incidences of sexual violence occurred in universities in July 2023. The research sample was students of one of the campuses in the city of Semarang and 468 people completed it. This study aims to determine the understanding of lecturers, teaching staff and students at campus regarding sexual violence. This study is an analytical observational study using a cross-sectional research approach and a descriptive research design using primary data. The respondents were mostly students (97%) from the Faculty of Health (24.3%) and female (61.5%). The majority of respondents (97.9%) claimed to have heard of sexual violence and to be familiar with its concept. Non-physical sexual violence, including verbal abuse and sensual look, was selected as a form of sexual assault by 268 respondents (57.3%). The majority of respondents (97.9%) reported having heard, witnessed, or experienced sexual violence also the incident happened off campus. The reason respondents not report sexual harasseent because respondents believe that sexual violence cases are private issues that should not be disclosed to others. 88.5% respondents of the sample answered its crucial to avoid sexual violence on theuniversity campus. Among the preventative measures that university campus may implement to stop sexual violence, respondents recommended a safe and private reporting system (45.3%). In order to report or handle sexual violence cases, respondents recommended a hotline that is available at all times (22.4%).
Integrated Healthcare Center cadres are members who come from the community in their area and are willing, able, and have the time to organize Posyandu activities. This study aims to determine the effect of training on knowledge of precision and accuracy of UAC measurements by posyandu cadres. The research design used the pre-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design using a purposive sampling technique, selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. With a total sample of 24 Posyandu cadres at the Sawah Lebar Health Center. The population in this study were Posyandu cadres at the Sawah Lebar Health Center with a total of 69 cadres. Data were analyzed using the T-test Dependent and Mc. Nemar. Â The results of the Dependent T-test showed that there was a change in the level of knowledge of UAC measurements by Posyandu cadres at the Sawah Lebar Health Center before and after being given training (p-value = 0.0001). The results of the McNemar test for cadres in measuring UAC showed that there was a change in the level of knowledge and skills in measuring UAC before and after training (p-value=0.0001). Suggestions for community health centers are that cadres need to be involved in training activities regarding UAC measurements to increase the precision and accuracy of UAC measurements, periodically regarding the results of UAC measurements carried out by posyandu cadres.
According to The Indonesia Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) in 2023, Denpasar City has the highest stunting rate among the 9 districts in Bali Province, which is almost double from the previous year (10.8%). Maternal self efficacy in preventing stunting is an important factor that need to be considered. The aim of this research was to analyze maternal self efficacy in preventing stunting in Denpasar City. The research was done in quantitative and qualitative, with a cross-sectional design. The research population consisted of mothers with toddlers aged 6-24 months in the North Denpasar Primary Health Care I, II, and III work areas. The total sample was 203 mothers of toddlers. Quantitative data were collected using questionnaires, while qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews. The qualitative data analysis process was carried out using the manual coding method by entering the answers of each respondent, using Spearman rank and content analysis. Characteristics of mothers of toddlers: average age 31 years, number of children 2, tertiary education (49.7%), occupation as a housewife (48.8%), income above minimum wage (54.7%), permanent residence status for more than 6 months (86.7%), high self-efficacy (89.9%). The strength of the relationship is moderate with a correlation coefficient of 0.258. The results of the correlation test showed that there is a relationship between self-efficacy towards stunting prevention (p-value 0.08). Mothers who have good self-efficacy will later carry out sufficient stunting prevention. The mother's confidence in ensuring her child's growth and development according to the stages will be able to prevent stunting.
The gonial angle through radiomorphometry can be used in determining gender because it is the part of the mandible that experiences quite prominent and large transformative changes. Gender is an important parameter in identification. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in the size of the gonial angle through radiomorphometry in determining sex on panoramic radiographs aged ≥ 20 years. The method used analytical observational methods with a cross sectional approach and total sampling was 52 research samples (21 men and 31 women) gonial angle on panoramic radiography. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the size of the mandibular gonial angle between men and women. This study concludes that the gonial angle via radiomorphometry can be used to determine gender in panoramic radiography.
The maternal mortality rate in Tapin Regency was the highest in South Kalimantan Province in 2022 (MMR= 303/100,000 KH) and 2023 (MMR= 287/100,000 KH) dominated by preeclampsia as the highest cause. Datu Sanggul Hospital has the highest number of maternal deaths, 16 out of 20 maternal deaths in 2022-2023. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between risk factors that affect the occurrence of severe pre-eclampsia complications at the Public Hospital of Datu Sanggul in 2022-2023.. This study used an observational analytic method with a case-control design and simple random sampling technique. Samples in this study were 90 respondents, 45 with Severe Pre Eclampsia with complications and 45 without complications. The dependent variables were maternal age, parity, gestational age, multiple pregnancies, obesity, hypertension history, and diabetes mellitus history taken from secondary data. Statistical analysis used was chi-square and odds ratio. The results showed that there was a significant relation between hypertension history on the occurrence of Severe Pre Eclampsia complications (p-value 0.034) and a risk of 2.737 times to experience Severe Pre Eclampsia with complications. There is no significant relationship between maternal age (p-value 1,000), parity (p-value 0,395), gestational age (p-value 0,199), multiple pregnancies (p-value 0,361), obesity (p-value 1,000), diabetes mellitus history (p-value 0,352) on the occurrence of Severe Pre Eclampsia complications at Public Hospital of Datu Sanggul in 2022-2023. In conclusion, Hypertension history is a variable that has a significant relation to the occurrence of Severe Pre Eclampsia complications.
Hypertension is a significant global health concern, contributing to high mortality rates and increased risks of cardiovascular disease. In Indonesia, hypertension prevalence has reached over 33% of the adult population. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as nature sound therapy and isometric handgrip exercises, have shown promise in managing hypertension by reducing systolic blood pressure. This study introduced Tool Nature Sound and Isometric Handgrip (Toonatric), an innovative tool combining nature sound therapy and isometric handgrip exercises. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with 66 elderly hypertensive patients divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group used Toonatric for 30 minutes daily over 5 days, while the control group continued standard care. Pre and post-intervention blood pressure measurements were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests due to non-normal data distribution. Results indicated a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure in the intervention group (p = 0.000), with an effect size of Cohen’s d = 0.48, demonstrating a moderate clinical effect. Toonatric has the potential as a complementary tool for managing hypertension in elderly, combining psychological and physical benefits. Further research should focus on long-term effects, broader populations, and usability improvements for clinical and home settings.
Data from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2018 showed that the prevalence of anemia in 2018 increased to 48.9%, where the prevalence of SMP/MTS grade VII female students in Samarinda who were at risk of anemia was 7%. Based on the results of interviews with 10 female students, it is known that students have sufficient knowledge of anemia (60%), consume less tannin sources (100%) and do not often consume tannin sources (70%). Anemia can be prevented by providing education that will affect attitudes and food consumption behavior. One of the media that can be used is animated video. This study aims to determine the correlation of nutrition education on knowledge of anemia and consumption patterns of tannin in anemic adolescent girls at SMPN 29 Samarinda. The research design used was pre experimental with a one group pretest posttest design with a sample of 30 female students. The variables studied were nutrition education, knowledge of anemia and consumption patterns of tannin. The instruments used were pretest and posttest questionnaires and SQ-FFQ. The statistical test used is paired T-test if the data is normally distributed and wilcoxon test if the data is not normally distributed or ordinal scale. The results of the wilcoxon test showed that there is an correlation of nutrition education on knowledge of anemia (p=0.000). There is no correlation of nutrition education on the source of tannins consumed (p=0.102) and the frequency of consuming tannins (p=0.808).
This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between family social support and post-traumatic growth in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the city of Semarang. The hypothesis proposed is that higher levels of family support are positively associated with greater post-traumatic growth. The participants were PLWHA aged 20-50 years who live in Semarang City (N=94). Participants completed the Post-Traumatic Growth Scale and Family Social Support Scale via Google Form using a correlational quantitative research method with purposive sampling. The data analysis using Spearman's rho correlation revealed a significant positive relationship (rho = 0.470; p=0.000 (p0.01) between the two variables. These findings support the hyphotesis and highlight the importance of family support in enhancing psychological resilience and positive transformation among PLWHA.
