Introduction: The aim of the research was to examine whether language labels „victim” and „survivor” are linked to differences in perceiving sexually abused adults. Label-based differences was measured also in the context of the attitudes towards victims – assessment of victimisation, blaming, and support needs. Adittionally, there is examined whether gender is related to distinct perceiving and attitudes towards persons experienced sexual violence. Research was planned based on previous analysis made in Bielefeld University (Papendick & Bohner, 2017), as their partially replication in Polish sample.Method: The participants read descriptions of situations in which a woman was raped. Subsequently, modified semantic differential scale and items measuring attitudes towards individuals who have experienced sexual violence were used. The study involved 132 adults, with women making up 70% of the group.Results: More positive associations with label „survivor” then label „victim” was observed. However, no such effect was found regarding the attitudes towards individuals who have experienced sexual violence. Gender differences were revealed both in the way the abused women were perceived and in the attitudes towards them.Key practitioner massages: Presented research conducted among a group of adult Polish language users yielded results similar to those of the analyses by Papendick and Bohner, carried out in a different socio-cultural context. The results obtained provide a good starting point for further in-depth research into the impact of language on the social perception of victims of sexual violence. They may also be used in planning preventive social campaigns in this area and in the therapy of those affected.
This article addresses the issue of the legal and ethical legitimization of neurofeedback in juvenile social rehabilitation practice. Neurofeedback, understood as a non-invasive method of neurophysiological self-regulation training, may serve as a tool supporting the development of cognitive functions, impulse control and emotional regulation among juveniles. Its use in social rehabilitation institutions, however, requires particular caution due to their institutional context, the limited autonomy of participants and the sensitive nature of EEG data. The article discusses the basic conditions for the legal admissibility of neurofeedback, including the informed consent of the minor and their legal representative, personal data protection, staff qualifications and standards of institutional supervision. The analysis is complemented by an ethical perspective encompassing autonomy, dignity, participant well-being, the principle of proportionality and the risk of instrumentalizing juveniles. The authors indicate that neurofeedback may be regarded as an ethically and legally legitimized form of support only when it remains voluntary, proportionate and transparent, and when it is subordinated to the well-being of the participating person and to educational and therapeutic goals.
The aim of this article is to analyze parental attitudes towards delinquency and criminal acts committed by minors. Qualitative research, involving individual and group interviews conducted with school principals and family court judges between September 2023 and February 2024, revealed that parents often shift the responsibility for upbringing onto institutions and, in some cases, condone their children's law-breaking behavior. Parents frequently fail to acknowledge their children's misconduct, defending them—sometimes through deception—even in court. In certain instances, parents themselves experience violence from the minors. Furthermore, even when educational measures are mandated, parents do not always cooperate with their implementation. Only a small number of parents demonstrate a collaborative attitude, engaging in problem-solving, repairing damages, or covering associated costs.
The referral by a court of a person accused of a crime to a psychiatric hospital constitutes a special situation under Polish law. Such a person cannot be held criminally responsible due to the lack of attribution of guilt. Evidence may support the individual's crime, but a finding of insanity precludes punishment. Consequently, the accused is transferred to a forensic psychiatry ward, where they undergo therapy and treatment that supports the resocialization process. However, little is discussed in Polish social discourse about what happens after a patient leaves such a medical facility. This occurs when significant progress has been made in therapy, when the patient is already aware of their condition. Maintaining this status quo is a key preventative measure. Reliable psychiatric and psychological care is a fundamental prerequisite for the effective implementation of any post-penal resocialization measures that can prevent recidivism. Are similar measures being implemented in Poland? How should a system of community forensic psychiatry be built? Is this topic currently of interest to experts and public policymakers in the scientific and social debate? The following publication aims to attempt to answer these questions.
The text outlines the development of the institution of court summonses for conciliation in private prosecution cases and of conciliation and settlement between 1928 and 2026. It is pointed out here, inter alia, the validity of the rule of priority of consensual settlement of a case over its settlement by judgment, which in turn enforces the modification of certain objectives of criminal proceedings (Article 2 1 point 2 in connection with Article 485 of the Code of Criminal Procedure). The course of the conciliation session, the content of the minutes and the related rights of the uniting parties are discussed, and the problem of judicial control of the settlement in terms of its compliance with the law and social principles, so far only signally addressed in the literature on the subject and judicature, is developed.
