Background. The detection and disclosure of all crimes committed is the goal that law enforcement agencies are tasked with. Criminal prosecution must be unavoidable for all persons who have committed a crime. In order to implement this, an appropriate methodological framework is needed, the elements of which are the methods used by law enforcement agencies, including investigators. One of such methods that can increase the effectiveness of detection, disclosure and investigation of crimes is the system activity method. In this regard, the purpose of the research conducted and based on the article was to determine the system-activity method and the patterns of its use during the ongoing investigation of crimes. Materials and methods. The methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction were used in the research based on the proposed article. The theory of activity developed in psychology was also of methodological importance. Results. When investigating crimes committed by organized groups, traditional methods of identifying incriminating data (information) are not effective enough, since they focus only on establishing the circumstances related to the crime committed and do not take into account the circumstances of the behavior of the alleged perpetrator outside of the crime committed by him. Conclusions. To increase the effectiveness of the ongoing investigation and expose the person responsible for it, it is advisable to use a systematic activity method, which allows, based on knowledge of the personality characteristics of a particular person, to determine the likelihood of her involvement in the crime.
Background. The relevance of the article is due to the presence of significant shortcomings in the current Federal Law of August 23, 1996 № 127-FZ “On Science and State Scientific and Technical Policy”. At the present stage, it does not meet the needs of legal regulation of scientific activity. The purpose of the article is to develop proposals for amending the legislation on science. Materials and methods. The provisions of regulatory legal acts governing scientific activity and the status of scientists, as well as scientific works on the issues under study were studied. The dialectical method of cognition served as the methodological basis. Logical and formal-legal methods were also used. Results. The current Law № 127-FZ, adopted during the transitional period of development of the Russian state, does not fully meet modern realities and the needs of breakthrough development of science and technology in the face of growing challenges. Conclusions. There is a need to draft a new law on scientific activity that would incorporate the most effective experience in regulating relevant legal relations, eliminate existing gaps and give the institution under study a systematic look.
Background. Success in life of each person is different. It can be based on model of social success, broadcast in society or, in case of mismatch of value bases, it can be built on its own basis, based on personal preferences, attitudes and values. In any case, we can say that each individual chooses and implements his or her own model of success. The main objective of the study is to analyze dominant models of personal success among student youth and their relationship with models of social success. Materials and methods. The study of youth success is based on analysis of theoretical approaches to concept and models of success, data of polls VTsIOM, FOM, regional studies, as well as results of the authorʼs research among university students in Penza and Saratov (2024). Results. The main models of success presented in works of domestic researchers are analyzed, dominant models of life success in environment of student youth, self-assessments of students’ success and means of their achievement are presented. Conclusions. According to the research results, it was found that modern students are more inclined to mix of American and compromise models of success. The main components of life success for young people are family and material well-being; ideals of successful people for them are people from their environment. The main means of achieving success are goal setting and planning and education, and students are willing to take risks to realize their goals.
Background. The article examines the constitutional and legal nature of the ban on inciting hatred and hostility on discriminatory grounds. The authors conduct a comparative analysis of constitutional legal norms and norms of criminal, administrative and anti-extremist legislation in terms of the legal regulation of this ban. Materials and methods. To achieve their goals, the authors used formal legal and comparative legal methods. Results. The ambiguity of the scientific understanding of the categories “inciting hatred”, “inciting enmity”, “inciting discord” is revealed. At the same time, law enforcement practice does not pay such close attention to separating these categories. At the same time, a purely practical issue in qualifying an action as extremist is not the distinction between “hatred” and “hostility”, but the distinction between “hostility” and “threat of violence”. Conclusions. The norms of special legislation and the practice of its application should not go beyond the constitutional and legal prohibitions of freedom of thought and speech, and establish other criteria for extremist offenses.
Background. A pressing task for modern Russian jurisprudence is to identify the relationships that exist between the shortcomings of legislation, deformations of legal consciousness and law enforcement. The article examines the peculiarities of legal anomie manifestation in various components of the legal system, postulates a close relationship between the legal system and the legal culture of society, their mutual influence and the cyclical nature of development. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of strengthening legal anomie as a result of the interaction of the components of the legal system already affected by the corresponding state. Materials and methods. The study is based on the use of such methods as dialectical, formal-legal, structural-legal; functional, etc. Results. The study allowed us to come to the conclusion that the state of legal anomie does not develop separately in one or another component of the legal system, but covers it as a whole. Conclusions. The consolidation of relevant values in legislation, as well as the effec-tive activities of public authorities are considered as factors capable of restraining the development of the state of legal anomie. The study of the features of the manifestation of legal anomie in various components of the legal system enriches the theory of state and law and sectoral legal sciences, is a necessary condition for improving the domestic legal culture, and is one of the conditions for increasing the efficiency of the functioning of the state apparatus of the Russian Federation.
