One of the potential hazards that often occur in houses and buildings is fire. One of the problems in hotels is that there are non-permanent residents who carry out various activities in the hotel for up to twenty-four hours, one of which is the Esa Hotel which has many facilities and rooms that have a risk of fire. The type of research used is a qualitative method, with the approach used in this study being descriptive quantitative. The results of the study showed that the active protection system had an average percentage value of 18%. The passive fire protection system had an average percentage value of 16%. The conclusion of the implementation of active and passive fire protection systems at the Esa Hotel is included in the "not enough" category with an overall percentage value of 24%. The level of implementation of the active protection system based on 18% is included in the "not enough" category. which consists of fire detectors, fire alarms, sprinklers, fire extinguishers and hydrants. The level of implementation of the passive protection system with a percentage of 16% is included in the "not enough" category which consists of fire-resistant door construction, fire-resistant and fire-resistant windows, interior coating materials, fire-resistant partitions, smoke barriers, and atriums. Keywords: Fire Protection System, Fire Implementation Model, Hotel
Natural tourism areas are highly vulnerable to disasters, making employees a crucial factor in ensuring visitor safety. One important mitigation strategy is the implementation of emergency drills, also known as emergency response exercises. However, the effectiveness of training in improving employee preparedness remains uncertain. This study aimed to analyzed the effect of emergency drills on self-readiness and emergency preparedness behavior among employees at Taman Dolan Nature Tourism, Batu City. A quantitative approach was used with a pretest-posttest design and Wilcoxon test analysis involving 14 respondents. The intervention consisted of theoretical education and practical simulations on Basic Life Support (CPR) and open wound management. The results showed an increase in the mean self-readiness knowledge score, but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.391). In contrast, emergency preparedness behavior showed a significant increase (p = 0.018), indicating that practical training was more effective in shaping behavioral responses than theoretical material alone. The insignificant change in knowledge may have been influenced by participants’ already high baseline knowledge, the short duration of training, and the limited sample size. This study concludes that emergency drills play an important role in shaping behavioral preparedness. For more optimal outcomes, training should be conducted continuously, tailored to the local context, and accompanied by long-term evaluation. Keywords: Emergency Drills, Emergency Preparedness, Self Readiness, Taman Dolan
The Indonesian Health Survey in 2023 indicates that the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia remains high, at approximately 21.5%. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of specific strategies designed to mitigate stunting in East Java Province. The research utilised secondary data, which was gathered ecologically. The study utilised a cross-sectional design, with the prevalence of stunting serving as the dependent variable and eleven distinct interventions as independent variables. The analysis revealed ten strategies that were found to be effective in mitigating stunting. These include anemia screening, iron tablet supplementation for adolescent girls, pregnancy examinations, iron tablet supplementation for pregnant women, supplementary nutrition for pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency, monitoring of toddler growth, exclusive breastfeeding, management of toddlers with nutritional deficiencies, enhancement of immunization coverage, and education for pregnant women and their families, including the promotion of open defecation-free practices. Conversely, the provision of supplemental diets rich in animal protein for toddlers was found to be ineffectual in diminishing the prevalence of stunting. Keywords: Community nutritional status, East Java, Stunting, Specific intervention
The pervasive exposure to unrealistic beauty standards on social media has triggered intense psychological stress, severe body dissatisfaction, and a critical decline in Subjective Well-Being (SWB) among adolescents. To address these escalating mental health risks, this study aims to explore the role of healthy body image evaluation in shaping adolescents' subjective well-being and fostering their emotional and social resilience in the digital era. explore the role of healthy body image evaluation in shaping adolescents' subjective well-being in the digital era. This study used a cross-sectional design, conducted in November 2025. Sampling used simple random sampling of 88 students. The variables studied were respondent characteristics, level of social media addiction, body image, and SWB. A total of 16 adolescents were severely addicted to social media. A total of 54.5% of adolescents assessed their body image negatively. There were still 17% of adolescents with low levels of SWB. However, there was no association between social media addiction and body image (p=0.100) and body image and SWB (p=0.580) in adolescents. Although some adolescents have low SWB, they still have confidence in their body image. Suggestions for further research include measuring factors that influence adolescent SWB, conducting a survey on adolescent nutritional intake, and conducting a survey on adolescent healthy lifestyle behaviors. Keywords: Adolescent, Body Image, Subjective well-being, Social Media.
All People living with HIV (PLHIV) regardless of CD4 counts and clinical staging are eligible to be initiated on antiretroviral treatment (ART) immediately and/or as soon as they are ready. A high proportion of people have been tested, diagnosed and started on treatment, however, retaining them in care remains a challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to explore reasons for starting ART early among ART patients in Ekurhuleni North sub-district in South Africa. This was a explorative qualitative study whereby the researcher interviewed 26 participants over 18 years of age living with HIV-initiated ART and have been on treatment for at least 6-12 months. Interviews were transcribed, managed using NVIVO 12 software and analysed thematically. Five major themes were identified when explored the reasons for taking ART early. The themes were: Fears and doubts about starting ART, Motivation to start ART early, Anticipated benefits of starting ART, Comparing ART to basic needs and other treatments, and Perceptions about stopping ART. Public awareness, continuous counselling and support for PLHIV are needed to increase UTT uptake and retain those already in HIV care.
Workers are exposed to various occupational hazards that may lead to occupational diseases (ODs), including musculoskeletal pain resulting from work processes, commonly referred to as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Technical service workers at the State Electricity Company (Perusahaan Listrik Negara/PLN) of Malang City are at risk of experiencing MSDs due to manual handling tasks and individual worker characteristics. This study aims to analyze exposure to MSD risk factors. This quantitative study employs a descriptive-analytical approach and involves a total sample of 26 technical service workers. Data were collected through observations and analysed using observation sheets, work posture assessments based on the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS), and the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire to assess MSD complaints. The findings indicate that the key determinants contributing to MSD complaints among workers include work posture, gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and years of service. Keywords: risk factors, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), technical service workers
Aging is an inevitable biological process marked by a gradual decline in physiological function. This decline affects various organ systems, including the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems, and is accompanied by a reduced regenerative capacity, often leading to chronic diseases. The prevalence of chronic illness in individuals over the age of 65 is significant, reaching 60-70%. Anxiety frequently arises in older adults with chronic illnesses due to uncertainties about disease progression, dependence on caregivers, fears of death, and financial burdens associated with medical expenses. To aid older people in managing stress and anxiety, interventions such as autogenic training (AT) and relaxation therapy can be effective. This research employs a quantitative approach with a Pre-Experimental design, utilizing a one-group pre-post test methodology. This design includes an initial observation (pre-test) to evaluate changes following the intervention (post-test). The study involves primary data collected from 70 older adults participants who meet the inclusion criteria. The research instrument incorporates autogenic therapy procedures and employs the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) to assess anxiety levels. Data analysis is conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results reveal a significance value (p-value) of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a statistically significant difference in anxiety levels before and after the implementation of autogenic relaxation-based distress management therapy. The negative Z value (-7.124) signifies a reduction in anxiety scores among the older adults y following the intervention. Therefore, older adults individuals with chronic diseases who experience anxiety are encouraged to engage in autogenic relaxation exercises to alleviate their anxiety. Keywords: Elderly, Autogenic Relaxation, Anxiety, Chronic Illness.
This research is based on the need for environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical insecticides. To determine the potential of ethanol extract of jasmine flowers (Jasminum sambac L.) as a repellent against houseflies (Musca domestica). The study employed a post-test only control group design with ethanol extract concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 25%, along with a positive control (Venox fly repellent spray) and a negative control (distilled water). The effectiveness was assessed by counting the number of flies that landed and were repelled. Data were analyzed using probit regression to determine the ED₅₀ and ED₉₉ values. Higher extract concentrations resulted in stronger repellent effects. A 15% concentration produced a repellency rate of 34.37%, 20% achieved 51.64%, and 25% reached 80.61%. The ED₅₀ was found at 16.494%, and the ED₉₉ at 38.222%. Ethanol extract of jasmine flowers has the potential to serve as an effective natural bioinsecticide for controlling houseflies.
Marriage is a physical and spiritual bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife, with the aim of forming a happy and lasting family based on belief in God Almighty. Premature marriage can have adverse effects, not only for the husband and wife, but also for future generations. The utilization of machine learning is needed to analyze the potential risk of early marriage. To date, programmatic and research approaches to marriage age maturity have primarily relied on inferential statistics, with limited application of machine learning methods.This study aims to develop a decision support system for promoting marriage age maturity among adolescents in East Java. This is a non-reactive study utilizing secondary data from the 2018 SKAP (Survey on Family Planning Performance and Accountability), obtained from the East Java Representative Office of BKKBN. The unit of analysis is all adolescent respondents in East Java who met the criteria for participation in the 2018 SKAP. Data analysis was conducted using univariate, bivariate, and Decision Tree methods. Knowledge was found to be a complex factor influencing adolescents' decisions regarding marriage planning, while economic status emerged as an additional supporting factor. The results of the machine learning analysis, presented in the form of an algorithm, are expected to serve as a foundation for decision-making related to the promotion of marriage age maturity among adolescents in East Java. Keywords: Adolescents, decision tree, marriage
The choice of anticoagulants and the methods of homogenization are critical pre-analytical steps that can significantly influence the accuracy of laboratory results. This study aims to assess the differences in erythrocyte count and hemoglobin levels among blood samples processed with conventional anticoagulants and Vacutainer tubes, taking into account variations in secondary homogenization techniques. A laboratory experimental design was employed, utilizing 32 blood samples acquired from eight participants. The analysis was conducted using an automated hematology analyzer. Data were subjected to a Paired T-Test, indicating no significant differences in erythrocyte counts (p=0.617) and hemoglobin levels (p=0.510) between conventional EDTA samples that were homogenized four times and those homogenized eight times. However, a significant difference was noted in erythrocyte counts (p=0.018), while hemoglobin levels remained unaffected (p=0.393) in EDTA vacutainer samples subjected to four versus eight rounds of secondary homogenization. Additionally, a significant difference was found in both erythrocyte counts (p = 0.008) and hemoglobin levels (p < 0.0001) between conventional EDTA samples and those subjected to four rounds of secondary homogenization using vacutainers. Similarly, there was a significant difference in erythrocyte counts (p = 0.006) and hemoglobin levels (p = 0.014) between conventional EDTA samples and Vacutainer samples that underwent eight rounds of homogenization. Keywords: Blood Specimen Collection; EDTA; Erythrocyte; Hemoglobin; Secondary Homogenization
The sandal industry is one of the industries that poses health risks to workers, particularly due to the physical conditions of the work environment and the production process, which serve as potential hazards. One form of control that can be implemented is the measurement of physical factors in the workplaces. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the physical hazard factors, specifically noise and lighting, and to describe the potential health risks faced by workers in a shoe manufacturing company in Surabaya. This research employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, involving 25 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. The study was conducted from Juli to August 2024. Data on respondents’ characteristics were collected through interviews using a questionnaire, while blood pressure was measured using an Omron digital sphygmomanometer. Blood pressure was assessed before and after work on the same day. Physical factors in the work environment, such as noise, were measured using a sound level meter, and lighting was measured using a lux meter. The results showed that the average noise level range from 80.5-82.4 dBA, which l does not exceed the threshold limit value (TLV) of 85 dBA according to the Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 5 of 2018 concerning Occupational Safety and Health in the Work Environment. The average lighting level 107.8 lux, which is below the minimum lighting standard for sewing activities, s (500-700 lux), based on the Minister of Health Regulation No. 70 of 2016 concerning Standards and Requirements for Environmental Health in Industrial Workplaces. Health examinations showed an increase in average systolic and diastolic blood pressure s among the workers. Further examination is required to determine whether physical factors in the work environment contribute to the observed increase in blood pressure among workers in the sandal and shoe industry. Keywords: Work environment measurement, Industrial Hygiene, Occupational Health, Informal Sector, Safety
Students at the “X” Islamic Boarding School in Sidoarjo face nutritional problems (deficiency or excess) and stress due to academic burden, strict rules, and adaptation to a new environment. This study investigated the multifaceted relationship between nutritional intake, physical activity, nutritional knowledge, social support, counseling guidance, coping strategies, and stress levels about the nutritional status of students aged 13–17 years (n = 91) using a cross-sectional design. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire that measured academic burden, social pressure, social support, counseling services, coping success, nutritional knowledge, peer support, self-efficacy in choosing food, eating patterns, and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and BMI/Age). Bivariate analysis revealed that academic burden (p < 0.001), social support (p = 0.035), counseling guidance (p = 0.011), and coping (p = 0.015) were significantly associated with stress, while social pressure was not (p = 0.611). Stress significantly influenced nutritional status (p=0.001), while nutritional knowledge (p=0.013), peer support (p=0.002), self-efficacy (p=0.014), and dietary patterns (p<0.001) were significantly correlated with nutritional status. In conclusion, psychosocial factors and nutritional behavior simultaneously influence the physical and mental well-being of students, so a comprehensive strategy is needed to improve student well-being that includes academic management, strengthening social support, counseling services, increasing knowledge and coping, and dietary education. Keywords: students, nutritional problems, stress, Islamic boarding schools
The Wolbachia–Aedes technology was implemented in 2023 as part of the dengue control programme in Semarang City, with Tembalang Subdistrict designated as the pilot project area. In 2024, Tembalang recorded the highest incidence of dengue cases in the city. This study aimed to examine the relationship between knowledge and history of dengue hemorrhagic fever and community participation as foster parents (orang tua asuh / OTA) of the Wolbachia-Aedes program in Tembalang subdistrict, Semarang City.This study employed was a cross-sectional approach involving of all heads of families (Kepala Keluarga / KK) in Tembalang Subdistrict, Semarang City. A simple random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 110 families. The subject of this study consisted of individuals aged 17 years and older who resided in Tembalang Subdistrict. Data were colllected using a questionnaire and analyzed using chi-squared statistical test.The findings revealed that a relationship between the family history of dengue (p-value = 0.003) as well as the respondent's or family history of hospitalization due to dengue (p-value = 0.001) and community participation as foster parents. However, no relationship was found between the level of knowledge (p-value = 0.966) as well as the respondent’s history of dengue (p-value = 0.582) and community participation as foster parents. Keywords: knowledge, disease history, foster parents, dengue)
The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) due to delayed decision-making remain a major issue, primarily because women and their husbands often do not take an active role as decision-makers. This study aimed to examine the characteristics and influence of various factors including level of knowledge, choice of referral health facility, considerations in hospital selection, family influence, main factors in referral decisions, belief or trust factors, and husband's psychological factors on referral decisions for high-risk pregnancies in Lumajang Regency. The respondents were husbands of pregnant women with a high-risk pregnancy (KSPR ≥ 6) during the period January-June 2023. This quantitative research employed a case-control design using probability sampling. Cluster sampling was conducted across 25 Community Health Canters, followed by proportionate stratified random sampling, yielding a total sample of 300 participants. The Chi-Square test showed a significant relationship (p<0.05) between psychological factors (p=0.035) and referral decisions for high-risk pregnancies. Meanwhile, other variables including level of knowledge (p=0.893), choice of hospital type (p=0.155), consideration in selecting referral health facilities (p=0.969), family influence (p=0.394), main consideration for referral approval (p=0.901), and belief or trust factors (p=0.702) did not show a significant relationship with husband's referral decision. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that husband without psychological issues were 2.397 times more likely to agree to referral for high-risk pregnancies compared to those with psychological problems. Keywords: Husband's decision, referral, delivery, high risk pregnancy
Improvements in the quality of inpatient care are needed to reduce overcrowding, increase patient engagement, make care more efficient, and empower patients toward self-care. These improvements can result in better patient outcomes, increased patient satisfaction, and more efficient delivery of healthcare. This is a quantitative study involving 98 respondents who have used inpatient services at the Royal Prima Hospital between December 2022 and January 2023. Data collection was based on the Servqual method and Kano models. The analysis results show that the smallest gap score (-0.12) is attributed to the number of medical personnel in the reliability dimension, whereas the largest gap score (0.09) is attributed to the physical appearance of doctors and staff in the tangibles dimension. Of the 23 attributes analyzed, 3 belonged to category A (attractive), 15 belonged to category O (one-dimensional), and 5 belonged to category M (must-be). The main technical responses that need to be addressed to improve service quality are hospital development, increased cooperation, and organizing education and training.
Declining rates of neglected tropical diseases, particularly leprosy, highlight the need for comprehensive policies addressing the incidence of this disease in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the impact of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) programs on the incidence of leprosy in the country's urban and rural areas.Data were collected from the WHO Global Health Observatory using a cross-sectional study design. The independent variables examined included open defecation-free programs, availability of handwashing facilities, and access to basic drinking water and sanitation services. The dependent variable was the incidence of leprosy in urban and rural settings. Data analysis was performed using independent T-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS version 23.The findings revealed a significant decline in leprosy incidence in rural and moderately urban areas over a 14-year survey period, reflecting trends similar to those of WASH programs. Overall, WASH programs were found to be correlated with the incidence of leprosy in both urban and rural areas (p<0.001), while the significance of open defecation programs decreased (p=0.46). The Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the availability of handwashing facilities was positively correlated with leprosy incidence (r=0.58, p<0.001). In contrast, basic drinking water (r=-0.62, p<0.001) and basic sanitation services (r=-0.62, p<0.001) showed a negative association with leprosy incidence. In summary, WASH programs are crucial for controlling the spread of leprosy in Indonesia's urban and rural regions. Keyword: Leprosy, WASH programs, urban and rural, Indonesia
Stunting remains a significant global health issue affecting children, and Indonesia is still one of the countries with a high prevalence of stunting. Over the past three years, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia was reached 24.4% in 2021, 21.6% in 2022, and 21.5% in 2023. East Java is one of the provinces still experiencing high stunting rates, although the figures are slightly below the national average. From 2021 to 2023, a decrease occurred, though not significantly. Several factors such as age at marriage and low birth weight are associated with the risk of stunting in East Java. This study employs a spatial-temporal approach through the visualization of stunting risk mapping using geographic information systems (GIS). Secondary aggregate data were obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, BPS East Java, and digital maps sources. The h three-year autocorrelation analysis showed greater changes in the Moran's I value from 2021-2023, indicating changes in special pattern. In mapping the risk of stunting, there is a change in distribution of t high and low risk areas, although some areas remained in the same category. The results from the analysis and visualization in this study are expected to serve as valuable input for stakeholders to overcome stunting in East Java. Keywords: stunting, East Java, spatial, GIS, autocorrelation
Improving the quality of health center is very important to realize quality and equitable health services. This study aims to analyze the implementation of continuous quality management through the PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Action) cycle at Sidoarjo Health Center. The method used is descriptive comparative to compare Deming's PDSA theory with its implementation based on the Sidoarjo Health Center Quality Improvement Report Year 2024. The results showed that there were shortcomings in the preparation of details at the Plan step, such as the non-use of root cause analysis tools (fishbone or 5 whys), and the absence of success criteria. At the Do and Study steps, assessment of plan implementation and evaluation of plan effectiveness was not optimal. The Action step has also not been implemented in detail, and the follow-up plan has not described the evaluation results of the Study.
Despite the implementation of several tuberculosis (TB) control initiatives, TB continues to be a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in South Africa primarily due to non-compliance with the recommended treatment. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of non-compliance with treatment and identify the factors linked to non-compliance among tuberculosis patients in the Ekurhuleni South Health Sub-district in South Africa. This study was a quantitative cross-sectional analysis carried out on a sample of 309 patients, utilising an anonymous questionnaire. The data was analysed using Stata version 14. The findings indicated that those who had a sufficient food supply for a period beyond 6 months demonstrated a decreased likelihood of adhering to tuberculosis therapy (odds ratio = -0.12, p < 0.05). Additionally, the study revealed that those who had communicated with their family or friends about their tuberculosis treatment were more inclined to comply with the treatment regimen (OR=0.11; p<0.1). Individuals who were unmarried had a 22% lower likelihood of adhering to medication (OR=0.22; p<0.05). Based on these findings, initiatives designed to enhance adherence to TB treatment in Gauteng Province should implement a comprehensive approach, integrating economic assistance, focused education, and strategies to reduce stigma. Keywords: Alcohol consumption, scarcity of food, side effects, knowledge
The increasing incidence of stunting in Indonesia is concerning, highlighting the urgent need to reduce its prevalence. This study evaluated maternal knowledge regarding eating and parenting habits and the nutritional status of infants aged 0-59 months. Conducted in March 2024 at the Posyandu RW 07 in Wonokromo Village, Surabaya City, the study involved a sample size of 97 out of a total population of 145. This descriptive study employed a survey approach, targeting mothers attending the Posyandu in RW 07. The results indicated that the nutritional status of toddlers aged 0-59 months was generally within a healthy range. Mothers also demonstrated a commendable level of knowledge in child-rearing and food provision. Based on weight-for-age measurements, 75 infants were classified as having a normal nutritional status, consisting of 45 males and 30 females, representing 77.32% of the sample. Similarly, height-for-age assessments showed that 77 infants fell into the normal range, with 49 males and 28 females, accounting for 79.38%. Furthermore, maternal knowledge regarding feeding habits in RW 07 was notably high, with 100% of mothers exhibiting good feeding practices. Likewise, 100% of mothers demonstrated sound parenting practices, indicating that all mothers in this study have implemented effective parenting habits Keywords: Balanced nutrition, Eating Patterns, Growth and Development, Parenting Patterns
