Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas and a major contributor to natural radiation exposure, with prolonged inhalation associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. This study evaluated indoor radon concentrations and associated radiological risks in selected buildings at South-Eastern Kenya University (SEKU), Kenya. Indoor radon concentrations were measured in six selected multi-storey buildings using a calibrated RAD7 electronic radon detector under standardized operating conditions. Measurements were conducted on the lowest floor of each building over 24 hours at each sampling location. Radiological risk parameters, including equilibrium equivalent concentration (EEC), annual effective dose (AED), excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), and lung cancer cases per million persons per year (LCC), were estimated using internationally established models and conversion factors. Indoor radon concentrations ranged from 8.18 ± 0.26 to 17.21 ± 0.77 Bq m⁻³, with a mean of 12.84 ± 0.55 Bq m⁻³, well below the reference levels recommended by the World Health Organization and the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The corresponding mean EEC, AED, ELCR, and LCC were 5.14 ± 0.22 Bq m⁻³, 0.3239 ± 0.0140 mSv y⁻¹, (1.25 ± 0.05) × 10⁻³, and 5.83 ± 0.25 cases per million persons per year, respectively. These values indicate a low estimated radiological risk for the monitored buildings. Because the measurements were limited to 24-hour active monitoring at six buildings, the findings are interpreted as a short-term baseline assessment rather than an estimate of annual average indoor radon exposure. Periodic and seasonal monitoring is recommended to better characterize long-term exposure variability.
This study presents an integrated aeromagnetic investigation of Kaduna State, northwestern Nigeria, to delineate subsurface structures and estimate magnetic source depths within the Nigerian Basement Complex. Twenty-one high-resolution aeromagnetic datasets were analyzed using Reduction-to-Equator (RTE), Horizontal Gradient Magnitude (HGM), Centre for Exploration Targeting (CET), Euler Deconvolution, and Source Parameter Imaging (SPI). RTE anomalies range from −121.893 to 68.977 nT, reflecting lithological contrasts and structural features. HGM and CET analyses reveal dominant NE–SW and NW–SE structural trends associated with Pan-African deformation. Euler deconvolution indicates that SI = 1 provides the most coherent solutions, with depths ranging from less than 250 m to greater than 750 m, predominantly between 250 and 500 m. SPI estimates source depths of approximately 85–790 m, with deeper sources concentrated in the northwestern, southeastern, and southern sectors. The spatial correspondence among HGM maxima, CET lineaments, Euler solutions, and SPI-derived depths delineates a fault-controlled structural network and identifies structurally favourable zones for further mineral exploration and ground geophysical investigation. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrated aeromagnetic techniques for regional structural mapping and mineral exploration targeting in Precambrian basement terrains.
Groundwater contamination from unmanaged dumpsites threatens water quality and public health in many developing countries. This study evaluated the physicochemical properties and contamination risk of groundwater around dumpsites in Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria, during the dry season, January 2025. Sixteen samples were collected from Ayeka, Igodan, Market Area, and Irele Road as the reference site and analyzed for physicochemical parameters using standard methods. Data were analyzed with PCA, Water Quality Index (WQI), and health risk assessment in R and MicroCal Origin. The groundwater was generally acidic, with a pH below the WHO range of 6.5 to 8.5. The Market Area showed elevated electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and chloride, indicating strong leachate influence. After excluding phosphate and total suspended solids and verifying standards, WQI values ranged from 64.6 to 117.6. The Market Area had the poorest quality (WQI = 117.6; poor), while Ayeka, Igodan, and Irele Road were classified as good. The non-carcinogenic health-risk assessment, based on the stated reference doses for nitrate and phosphate, yielded HQ and HI values below 1 for adults and children at all locations. The Market Area remained the most impacted site overall, while contamination at the more distant locations suggests additional anthropogenic sources. A limitation is that sampling was limited to the dry season and to physicochemical parameters only.
This study investigated the implications of electricity reliability for translational research capacity in Nigerian tertiary institutions using a cross-sectional survey and quantitative laboratory energy assessment. Data were obtained from 90 respondents drawn from universities, polytechnics, and research institutes across Nigeria. Electricity reliability was estimated using an operational availability factor, while laboratory energy demand and backup energy adequacy were evaluated using standard engineering models. Findings revealed a highly unstable electricity supply, with 39% of respondents experiencing outages of 4–6 hours daily and 28% reporting interruptions exceeding 7 hours per day. Estimated electricity availability ranged from 0.75 to 0.83, while laboratory energy demand ranged from 10 to 50 kWh/day, depending on laboratory intensity and equipment usage. Although diesel generators (85%), solar photovoltaic systems (60%), and inverter systems (30%) were commonly used as backup energy sources, they were often inadequate for uninterrupted laboratory operations. Statistical analysis showed significant associations between electricity reliability and laboratory disruption (ρ = −0.68), project delays (ρ = −0.61), and research productivity (ρ = 0.64), all at p < 0.01. Linear regression further showed that electricity reliability was significantly associated with research productivity (β = 0.59, R² = 0.41, p < 0.01). Respondents also reported equipment downtime, disruption of sensitive laboratory procedures, loss of experimental samples, and delays in research timelines. The study concludes that electricity instability is an important infrastructural constraint on translational research capacity and recommends investment in hybrid renewable energy systems, dedicated research power infrastructure, and institutional energy planning to strengthen scientific productivity and innovation.
The stability and efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are often limited by the degradation of key components, including dyes, electrolytes, and electrodes. This study investigates the effect of gum Arabic as a biopolymeric binder on TiO₂ photoanode fabrication and the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs sensitized with a natural dye extracted from Sorghum bicolor grains. TiO₂ films were prepared using the doctor-blade technique with gum Arabic concentrations of 0.56 g (Sample A) and 1.25 g (Sample B). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed O–H and C–O–C functional groups that promote dye adsorption and film stability, while UV–Visible spectroscopy confirmed strong absorption in the ultraviolet–visible region, extending the spectral response of TiO₂. Photovoltaic performance was evaluated using current–voltage (I–V) measurements under dark and illuminated conditions. Sample B exhibited the best performance under illumination, with Voc = 0.60 V, Jsc = 1.50 mA/cm², Vmax = 0.46 V, Imax = 1.15 mA, Pmax = 5.3 × 10⁻⁴ W, FF = 0.59, and η = 0.53%. The improved performance is attributed to enhanced visible-light absorption by anthocyanin dye molecules, reduced charge recombination, and improved electron transport. These findings demonstrate the potential of gum Arabic-modified TiO₂ photoanodes and sorghum-derived natural dyes as low-cost and environmentally sustainable materials for DSSC applications.
Natural radionuclides in agricultural products may contribute to long-term radiological health risks through dietary intake. This study assessed the activity concentrations of U-238, Th-232, and K-40 in vegetables cultivated in irrigation farms within Soba Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria, and evaluated the associated radiological health risks. Pepper, onion, and tomato samples collected from nine locations were analyzed using NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometry. Radiological parameters, including committed effective dose (CED), lifetime cancer risk (LCR), and internal hazard index (Hᵢ), were estimated for adults and children using standard ICRP dose conversion coefficients. The highest radionuclide concentrations were recorded in Kinkiba, with values of 2.45, 7.93, and 556.84 Bq kg⁻¹ for U-238, Th-232, and K- 40, respectively. Total CED values ranged from 4.86 × 10⁻⁵ to 2.85 × 10⁻⁴ mSv yr-1 for adults and 1.97 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.37 × 10⁻⁴ mSv yr-1 for children. The maximum LCR obtained was 1.42 × 10⁻², while all Hᵢ values remained below the recommended safety threshold. Although spatial variations in radionuclide concentrations were observed, the evaluated radiological indices indicate low ingestion-related health risk under current exposure conditions. The study provides baseline radiological data for environmental monitoring and food safety assessment in agricultural communities
Indoor radon concentration was measured in selected elementary schools across Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, using passive diffusion cups fitted with CR-39 detectors. The rooms were selected based on varying natural ventilation conditions and height above ground level. Detectors were deployed in classrooms and offices for a period of 90 days. After exposure, the detectors were etched using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 90 °C for 3 hours. Alpha tracks were counted and photographed using a digital camera attached to a microscope and computer system. The arithmetic and geometric mean radon concentrations were 193.3 Bq m⁻³ and 182.4 Bq m⁻³, respectively. The mean annual effective lung dose was 0.24 mSv·y⁻¹, with an excess lifetime cancer risk of 1.0 MPY⁻¹. Factors such as ventilation rate, proximity to the ground, and construction materials of floors, walls, and ceilings were investigated. An inverse relationship (R² = 0.6) was observed between radon concentration and ventilation rate. Rooms situated closer to the ground exhibited higher radon levels. Concrete and asbestos materials were associated with higher radon concentrations, whereas painted and carpeted surfaces recorded lower values. The measured radon concentrations were below the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommended action level of 300 Bq m⁻³ for workplaces.
Banana peel biomass was converted into activated carbon through microwave-assisted KOH activation at a constant microwave power of 800 W and a KOH/precursor mass ratio of 1:1, using activation times of 10, 20, 30, and 40 min. The influence of activation time on the morphological and textural properties of the resulting activated carbons was systematically investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption (BET) analyses. FESEM observations revealed progressive pore development and increased surface roughness with prolonged activation, reflecting the enhanced etching effect of KOH. Samples activated for 10–20 min retained fibrous plant-cell features and exhibited predominantly microporous structures, with a maximum BET surface area of 316 m² g⁻¹ at 20 min. Extending the activation time to 30–40 min further enhanced pore development, increasing the specific surface area to 471 m² g⁻¹ while reducing the average pore diameter from 2.86 to 1.90 nm. These changes indicate progressive pore refinement and the formation of a well-developed microporous network. The results demonstrate that microwave-assisted KOH activation provides a rapid and energy-efficient approach for producing porous activated carbon from banana peel biomass, with activation time serving as a key parameter for tailoring pore characteristics and surface area for potential environmental remediation and energy-storage applications.
This study employed density functional theory (DFT) within Quantum ESPRESSO to investigate the structural, electronic, phonon, mechanical, optical, and thermodynamic properties of cubic KSrX₃ (X = F, Cl, Br) halide perovskites for UV optoelectronic applications. All compounds were found to be structurally, thermodynamically, mechanically, and dynamically stable, as confirmed by negative formation energies, appropriate Goldschmidt tolerance factors, Born stability criteria, and phonon spectra without imaginary frequencies. KSrF₃ exhibited a direct band gap of 5.52 eV, while KSrCl₃ and KSrBr₃ showed indirect band gaps of 4.45 and 3.75 eV, respectively, making KSrF₃ the most promising candidate for deepUV applications. The compounds exhibited ductile behavior, characterized by dominant ionic bonding, low Debye temperatures indicative of low lattice thermal conductivity, and thermodynamic properties consistent with the third law of thermodynamics and Dulong–Petit’s law. Optical calculations revealed strong UV absorption and static dielectric constants of 2.02, 2.46, and 2.56 for KSrF₃, KSrCl₃, and KSrBr₃, respectively, highlighting their potential for UV optoelectronic devices.
The widespread adoption of Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart home systems has led to increasing reliance on cloud-dependent architectures that require stable internet connectivity. However, such dependence restricts deployment in environments with limited or unreliable network infrastructure. This study presents the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of an offline-first smart home automation system based on Bluetooth communication and Android-based voice control. The system integrates a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller, an HC-05 Bluetooth module, and a multi-channel relay interface to enable localized appliance control without internet dependency. A dual-mode interaction framework is implemented, supporting both manual control through a graphical user interface and voicecommand input using speech recognition. System performance is evaluated in terms of response time, communication range, packet delivery success rate, power consumption, and operational stability. Experimental results indicate average response times of 0.3 s and 0.8 s for manual and voice-control modes, respectively, with stable communication achieved over a 10 m line-of-sight range. Packet delivery success rates of 98.0% and 94.5% were obtained under line-of-sight and obstructed indoor conditions, respectively, demonstrating reliable command execution in practical operating environments. The results demonstrate that the proposed offline-first architecture provides a robust, cost-effective, and infrastructure-independent solution for localized smart home automation, particularly in resource-constrained environments.
This study assessed the natural radioactivity and associated radiological health risks of commercially available cement brands produced and distributed in Malawi to evaluate compliance with international radiation safety standards for building materials. Cement samples were analyzed for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 29.9 ± 4.6, 17.3 ± 2.8, and 309.7 ± 34.8 Bq kg−1, respectively, all below the UNSCEAR recommended limits. The mean radium equivalent activity (Raeq) was 78.4 ± 8.5 Bq kg−1, significantly lower than the recommended limit of 370 Bq kg−1. Calculated radiological hazard indices, including external hazard index, internal hazard index, gamma index, and alpha index, were all below the recommended safety threshold of unity. The mean outdoor and indoor absorbed dose rates were 36.2 ± 8.5 and 72.5 ± 7.5 nGy h−1, respectively, while the corresponding annual effective doses were 0.044 ± 0.0046 and 0.178 ± 0.019 mSv y−1. The evaluated excess life cancer risk values were well below internationally accepted reference limits. These results demonstrate that the investigated cement products do not pose significant radiological hazards to the public and are safe for use as construction material. However, periodic assessment and monitoring of these natural radionuclides in cements and other building materials in Malawi are highly recommended.
This study assessed the natural radioactivity and associated radiological health risks of commercially available cement brands produced and distributed in Malawi to evaluate compliance with international radiation safety standards for building materials. Cement samples were analyzed for 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 29.9 ± 4.6, 17.3 ± 2.8, and 309.7 ± 34.8 Bq kg−1, respectively, all below the UNSCEAR recommended limits. The mean radium equivalent activity (Raeq) was 78.4 ± 8.5 Bq kg−1, significantly lower than the recommended limit of 370 Bq kg−1. Calculated radiological hazard indices, including external hazard index, internal hazard index, gamma index, and alpha index, were all below the recommended safety threshold of unity. The mean outdoor and indoor absorbed dose rates were 36.2 ± 8.5 and 72.5 ± 7.5 nGy h−1, respectively, while the corresponding annual effective doses were 0.044 ± 0.0046 and 0.178 ± 0.019 mSv y−1. The evaluated excess life cancer risk values were well below internationally accepted reference limits. These results demonstrate that the investigated cement products do not pose significant radiological hazards to the public and are safe for use as construction material. However, periodic assessment and monitoring of these natural radionuclides in cements and other building materials in Malawi are highly recommended.
Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films were synthesized via chemical bath deposition (CBD) to investigate the influence of deposition time on their optoelectronic properties. The films were deposited at 80 °C for durations ranging from 5 to 30 minutes. Film thickness increased from 1.5 to 3.0 µm with increasing deposition time, while surface roughness exhibited a non-linear variation associated with nucleation, growth, and grain agglomeration processes. X-ray diffraction of the 30-minute film confirmed a polycrystalline hexagonal CdS structure. Optical analysis revealed a non-linear variation in the bandgap, decreasing from 2.42 eV to 2.07 eV, with strong absorption in the visible region and a maximum absorption at 25 minutes. The refractive index, dielectric constants, and optical conductivity also varied with deposition time, indicating changes in optical response and carrier transport. Hall effect measurements confirmed n-type conductivity, with mobility increasing up to 25 minutes before decreasing, while carrier concentration and resistivity exhibited deposition-time dependence. The 20- minute film had a good mix of optical, electrical, and surface properties. The 30-minute film, on the other hand, had the highest photosensitivity (3110.08%) and responsivity (1.76 × 10⁻² mA.W⁻¹). These findings indicate that deposition time is an essential factor for optimizing the optoelectronic performance of CdS thin films for photodetector applications.
First-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were employed to investigate the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of pristine and single Fe-doped Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ (kaolinite). All calculations were performed within the GGA–PBE framework using a plane-wave pseudopotential approach. Convergence tests with respect to kinetic energy cut-off and k-point sampling confirmed that 40 Ry and a 5×5×5 Monkhorst–Pack grid ensure total energy convergence within 1 meV/atom for both systems. Structural optimization of pristine kaolinite reproduces the characteristic layered framework of SiO₄ tetrahedra and AlO₆ octahedra. Upon Fe substitution at an octahedral Al site, localized structural relaxation is observed, with elongated Fe–O bonds (≈1.95–2.12 Å), minor lattice expansion (<2%), and measurable octahedral distortion indices (~2–3%). The calculated binding energy (~0.68 eV) indicates that Fe incorporation is thermodynamically feasible under suitable conditions. Electronic structure analysis reveals that pristine Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄ is an indirect wide-band-gap insulator with a calculated GGA gap of 4.19 eV. Fe substitution induces spin polarization, reduces the band gap to 3.23 eV, and introduces Fe-3d states near the band edges. Spin splitting between majority and minority channels confirms magnetic ordering, yielding a local magnetic moment of ~3.8 μB per Fe atom, consistent with high-spin Fe³⁺ in octahedral coordination. Charge density and spin density analyses reveal pronounced Fe–O hybridization and localized magnetic moment formation. These findings demonstrate that Fe doping effectively tunes the structural stability, electronic band gap, and magnetic behavior of kaolinite, highlighting its potential for functional and catalytic applications.
Visible Light Communication (VLC) enables short-range high-speed data transmission using white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for both illumination and communication. However, phosphor-converted white LEDs suffer from limited modulation bandwidth due to slow phosphor relaxation dynamics, resulting in signal attenuation, inter-symbol interference (ISI), and degradation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at higher frequencies. In this work, performance enhancement using blue optical filtering combined with electrical equalization was experimentally investigated for phosphor-converted white LEDs transmitting On-Off Keying Non-Return-to-Zero (OOK-NRZ) signals. Measurements were conducted over a 40 cm indoor line-of-sight link with data rates varied from 0.5 to 20 Mbps. Two equalizer configurations were evaluated: a single-stage RC network (EQ1) and a three-stage cascaded RC network (EQ2). Frequency sweep measurements (representing OOK symbol rate variation) were performed to evaluate received signal strength, SNR, Bit Error Rate (BER), cumulative signal improvement, and normalized performance metrics. Results show that EQ2 provides significantly superior performance compared to EQ1, achieving a peak SNR of 34 dB at 10 Mbps with a corresponding BER reduction to 10⁻⁹, representing approximately 8 dB SNR improvement over EQ1 at the optimal frequency. The optimal enhancement region for EQ2 lies between 0.5 and 12 MHz, where LED channel attenuation is most dominant. Polynomial fitting was used as an empirical approximation, with fifth-order models providing the highest regression accuracy for EQ2 (R² = 0.90). The results demonstrate that the combination of blue optical filtering and multi-stage equalization effectively mitigates LED bandwidth limitations, significantly improving VLC performance for indoor smart lighting and short-range wireless applications.
This study presents a comprehensive long-term evaluation of vertical radio refractivity and refractivity gradients over selected locations in North-Central Nigeria. Forty-one years (1980– 2020) of meteorological data obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis dataset of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) were analyzed. Air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity at heights of 12 m, 100 m, and 250 m above ground level (AGL) were used to compute radio refractivity using ITU-R formulations. Vertical refractivity gradients were subsequently derived and interpreted within established propagation regime classifications. Results reveal a consistent decrease in refractivity with increasing altitude across all locations. Wet-season refractivity values exceed dry-season values due to enhanced moisture contribution to the wet refractivity component. Mean vertical refractivity gradients were −125.65 N/km in Minna, −87.36 N/km in Lokoja, and −77.54 N/km in Jos. These values exceed the standard atmospheric gradient (≈−39 N/km) in magnitude, indicating persistent super-refraction conditions, particularly in lowland and humid environments. The findings demonstrate that regional topography and atmospheric moisture distribution significantly influence radio wave bending characteristics. Incorporating location-specific vertical refractivity gradients into terrestrial propagation models is essential for improving reliability and interference prediction in subtropical continental climates.
Ti-based Cs₂TiBr₆ double-halide perovskites are promising for optoelectronic and renewable energy applications, offering a non-toxic alternative to Pb-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This study uses SCAPS-1D to simulate a Cs₂TiBr₆-based PSC incorporating a CZTS/NiO double hole transport layer (HTL) to enhance power conversion efficiency (PCE). The double HTL improves hole transport, strengthens electron blocking, and reduces interfacial recombination. The optimized FTO/CeOx/Cs₂TiBr₆/CZTS/NiO/Au architecture achieves a PCE of 27.78%, significantly higher than the prototype (11.62%), under optimized parameters including absorber and interface defect densities, electron capture cross-section, and CZTS thickness. Notably, the ETL-free structure (FTO/Cs₂TiBr₆/CZTS/NiO/Au) attains the same PCE (27.78%), indicating that the CeOx ETL is dispensable for a simplified, and cost-effective design. The achieved efficiency exceeds previous reports on Cs₂TiBr₆-based PSCs
This research centres on enhancing the magnetic properties of Europium (Eu) doped Strontium Ferrite (SrFeO3) nanomaterials, synthesized successfully using the solution combustion method. The study explores doping concentrations of x = 0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 and their effects on the structural, morphological, and magnetic characteristics. Techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometer were employed. XRD analysis shows a reduction in particle size as the Eu dopant concentration increases, while FESEM images reveal uniformly formed nanoparticles with notable agglomeration. Magnetic properties were investigated through temperature and field-dependent magnetization measurements. The field dependence of magnetization at both 5 K and 300 K indicates ferromagnetic behaviour across all samples, with the higher Eu doping concentrations resulting in enhanced magnetic moments. These findings suggest that Eu-doped SrFeO3 nanomaterials hold great promise for applications in spintronics, sensors, and microwave-absorbing devices.
The traditional polymer industry, which depends heavily on fossil resources, faces increasing challenges due to resource depletion, environmental damage, and sustainability issues linked to petroleum-based materials. In response, the development, synthesis, and regeneration of ecofriendly, renewable bio-based polymers have gained significant attention from both science and industry as promising alternatives. In addition to reducing the negative environmental impact of conventional plastics, biodegradable and renewable polymers now play a crucial role in enabling advanced biomedical functions, particularly at biological interfaces. Recent advances have highlighted bioadhesive systems as a crucial subset of renewable polymers, enabling effective interactions between materials and biological tissues under physiologically relevant conditions. These bioadhesive materials, made from natural synthetic bio-based, or hybrid polymer platforms, are increasingly used in biomedical applications such as wound closure, tissue sealing, implant fixation, drug delivery, and biofabrication. At the same time, integrating biodegradable polymers and bioadhesive formulations into three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies improves process efficiency, material accuracy, and design flexibility while reducing waste and environmental impact. This review critically examines emerging renewable polymer platforms, with a focus on bioadhesive systems, biodegradable polymers, and additive manufacturing techniques. The discussion includes the benefits, limitations, recent advances, and future outlook of these materials within the context of sustainable biomedical interfaces and 3D-printed structures. By offering an integrated view, this work underscores the transformative potential of renewable polymer-based bioadhesives and 3D printing in advancing next-generation biomedical engineering while promoting circular and sustainable material practices. This manuscript provides a comprehensive narrative review of emerging renewable polymers for biomedical interfaces, bioadhesives, and 3D printing.
This study investigates the geothermal energy potential of the Kerang Highland, Jos Plateau, Nigeria, using high-resolution aeromagnetic and aero-radiometric datasets: Sheet 168 (Naraguta), 169 (Majuju), 189 (Laura), and 190 (Pankshin), obtained from the Nigerian Geological Survey Agency (NGSA). The research applies spectral analysis of aeromagnetic data to estimate Curie Point Depths (CPD), geothermal gradients, and subsurface heat flow, while aero-radiometric data are analyzed to determine radiogenic heat production based on uranium (U), thorium (Th), and potassium (K) concentrations. The Curie Point Depths in the study area vary from 6.83 km to 14.39 km, corresponding to geothermal gradient values ranging from 40.3 °C/km to 84.9 °C/km, and heat flow values from 100.8 to 212.3 mW/m², and Radiogenic heat generation ranging between 2.6 and 3.8 µW/m³. The results reveal shallow CPDs, high heat flow, high geothermal gradient, and high radiogenic heat in Blocks (4, 9, 13, 14, 20, 21, 24, and 25 ), indicating geothermally active zones. The dominant NE–SW structural trend, derived from magnetic lineament analysis, correlates with the regional tectonic fabric of the Younger Granite Complex. The integration of aeromagnetic and radiometric datasets demonstrates a strong correlation between high radiogenic heat zones and high heat flow. This suggests that both crustal radioactive decay and mantle upwelling contribute to the anomalous geothermal regime. The study concludes that Kerang Highland possesses high geothermal energy potential suitable for direct-use applications and binary-cycle power generation. Further geophysical, geochemical, and drilling investigations are recommended to validate and quantify the resource.
