The one-way effect of moss diversity on soil properties was investigated using belt transects in two established 1-ha plots located at 920–1,160masl in the montane forest of Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary, San Isidro, Davao Oriental. Moss species were identified, and diversity, dominance, and relative abundance were determined. Soil properties were assessed based on soil type, temperature, moisture, pH, and NPK macronutrient levels. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine relationships between moss diversity and soil physicochemical parameters. A total of 28 moss taxa from six orders and ten families were recorded, with 20 species identified in Plot 1 and 21 in Plot 2. The mean Shannon diversity index was 1.68, indicating moderately high diversity, while the mean Pielou’s evenness and McIntosh dominance indices were 0.55 and 0.83, respectively. Trismegistia calderensis and Braunfelsia sp. were the most abundant species. Most mosses occurred on epigeous or tree-based substrates rather than on the ground. Both plots had clay loam soil. Mean soil temperatures were 19.7°C and 21.5°C, while soil moisture values were 1.05% and 1.07%, and pH values were 5.4 and 5.3. NPK levels varied between plots. Correlations between moss diversity and soil parameters differed between plots, particularly for NPK. Temperature showed no correlation in either plot. Overall, the findings suggest that moss diversity influences certain soil properties through ecosystem functions rather than solely through direct substrate contact, supporting the ecological and functional importance of mosses in montane forest ecosystems.
The study was conducted to quantify the biomass and carbon storage of the vegetative cover of Sudlon Watershed in Barangay Central, Mati, Davao Oriental. The specific objectives of this study were to determine the total area of the vegetative cover, to determine the vegetative structures, to identify the status of the vegetation, and to provide recommendations in relation to the management of the watershed. Actual surveying of the area as to the hectarage of various vegetative covers of the area was done with the aid of a Global Positioning System (GPS). The determined hectarage was then used in extrapolating the biomass and carbon sequestration capacity of the vegetative cover of the area. The Geographic Information System software was used to come up with a vegetation map of the area. The watershed area in Brgy. Central covers 879.21 ha., comprising agroforestry farms, Tree Plantation, Secondary-growth Forest, Cogon area, and the human settlement of Purok Malipayon and Sitio Banahaw. Their extent is as follows: Agroforestry farms, occupying the largest area, covers 492.36 ha., secondary-growth forest or thickets covers 195.97 ha., tree plantation covers 178.65 ha., and cogon area with 10.02 ha. Human settlement of Purok Malipayon covers 0.69 ha. While that of Sitio Banahaw covers 1.52 ha. The agroforestry farm, having occupied the largest area, has the greatest biomass (25,664.15 tons) and thus the carbon sequestration capacity (12,830.84 tons). In total, the watershed area contains an estimated biomass of 44,969.03 tons and 22,483.38 tons of carbon sequestration capacity.
This study aimed to design, fabricate, and utilize a cut-away single-cylinder marine diesel engine as an instructional device to enhance the theoretical and laboratory learning experiences of Bachelor of Industrial Technology Management (BITM) students. Specifically, it sought to improve the instructional materials of the Engineering and Technology Department and supplement the existing equipment in the BITM laboratory. The study identified the essential engine components and established appropriate procedures for designing, constructing, testing, and evaluating the finished product. The fabricated instructional device was developed using an air-cooled, four-stroke diesel engine equipped with a direct fuel-injection system. It was designed to provide students with a clear visualization of the engine's internal components and operating mechanisms. The project consisted of major components, including the cylinder block, cylinder head, and various gears, which were assembled following systematic fabrication procedures and sound engineering principles. Furthermore, the device aimed to develop students' practical competencies in tool utilization, machine operation, engine servicing, and maintenance. The completed cutaway engine was evaluated by students and instructors for functionality, aesthetics, design, and cost-effectiveness. The evaluation results obtained an overall mean rating of 4.95, indicating a very high level of acceptability in terms of the identified criteria. With a total fabrication cost of Php 7,584.00, the project demonstrated that the instructional device was both practical and economical. Overall, the fabricated cut-away single-cylinder marine diesel engine proved to be a valuable instructional material that can strengthen students' understanding of diesel engine components, enhance hands-on learning, and improve laboratory instruction.
This study aimed to design, fabricate, and utilize a cut-away single-cylinder marine diesel engine as an instructional device to enhance the theoretical and laboratory learning experiences of Bachelor of Industrial Technology Management (BITM) students. Specifically, it sought to improve the instructional materials of the Engineering and Technology Department and supplement the existing equipment in the BITM laboratory. The study identified the essential engine components and established appropriate procedures for designing, constructing, testing, and evaluating the finished product. The fabricated instructional device was developed using an air-cooled, four-stroke diesel engine equipped with a direct fuel-injection system. It was designed to provide students with a clear visualization of the engine's internal components and operating mechanisms. The project consisted of major components, including the cylinder block, cylinder head, and various gears, which were assembled following systematic fabrication procedures and sound engineering principles. Furthermore, the device aimed to develop students' practical competencies in tool utilization, machine operation, engine servicing, and maintenance. The completed cutaway engine was evaluated by students and instructors for functionality, aesthetics, design, and cost-effectiveness. The evaluation results obtained an overall mean rating of 4.95, indicating a very high level of acceptability in terms of the identified criteria. With a total fabrication cost of Php 7,584.00, the project demonstrated that the instructional device was both practical and economical. Overall, the fabricated cut-away single-cylinder marine diesel engine proved to be a valuable instructional material that can strengthen students' understanding of diesel engine components, enhance hands-on learning, and improve laboratory instruction.
The study was conducted to determine the feedback of the informants toward the Anti-Mining Advocacy of IMPEDE in Barangay Macambol, Mati, Davao Oriental. The objectives of the study were to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the informants, determine the informants' knowledge of the existence of the IMPEDE program, gather feedback on the effectiveness of the IEC campaign on the Anti-Mining Program by IMPEDE using the following criteria: Comprehensibility; Acceptability; Attractiveness; Self-involvement; and Persuasiveness, and to come up with an action plan based on the results gathered. There were 25 informants in the study who were interviewed using the snowball method. The respondents had low educational attainment, as a considerable number reached only elementary level or finished elementary education. The majority's main source of income was fishing. The INTERFAITH MOVEMENT for PEACE EMPOWERMENT and DEVELOPMENT, INC. (IMPEDE) took the lead in project implementation, advocacy, and its member agencies that were active in program implementation were CAFOD and MMSAID. These funding agencies were involved in providing funding assistance and information dissemination. The implementing agencies employed different strategies during the campaign/project implementation, such as livelihood trainings and seminars. Among the problems identified by the informants during program implementation were the lack of cooperation, discipline, and patience of some residents in the area. For the improvement of the projects, informants recommended the following: firstly, to conduct more consultations in the area and on livelihoods; secondly, for maximum participation; thirdly, group effort; fourthly, further compassion; and lastly, there should be rapid enlightenment for the informants.
