Language policy in the USSR was of high ideological importance. The practical implementation of the language policy of the Soviet state was “language construction”. It had two main directions, one of which was the ‘improvement’ of existing and the creation of new literary languages, and the second and most important was the reform of the alphabet. In the 1920s the USSR embarked on the Latinization of writing. The language component of the “korenization” campaign involved translating official records and the education system into local languages. The achievements of Soviet language construction are undeniable. At the same time, many mistakes have been made in this area. One of the reasons for these mistakes was the prevalence of political and ideological goals rather than scientific ones.
The article attempts to analyze the dynamics of changes in the national composition of the Russian Federation over the past thirty years. It is argued that the results of the third All-Russian Population Census in 2020 objectively reflect the main trends in the transformation of the national structure of the Russian Federation. The conclusion about the crisis of national identity, complicating the development of the country, is substantiated. It is concluded that it is necessary to reform the state national policy in order to preserve and develop the ethnic composition of the Russian population.
The publication is devoted to the features of zemstvo liberalism in the provinces at the beginning of the 20th century, when the Saratov Zemstvo with its liberal program was at the head of the Russian zemstvo liberal movement. The article examines the discussions that arose around the discussion of the decisions of the St. Petersburg November Zemstvo Congress of 1904 and the features of the program for the political transformation of Russia, the key link of which was the creation of a bicameral parliament with legislative functions and a new electoral system based on universal, direct, equal, secret voting. The characteristic features of the strategy and tactics of the zemstvo opposition in 1904–1906 are analyzed. Contradictions within the liberal camp are revealed. The reasons for the change of leaders in the Saratov Zemstvo and the transfer of power to the right-wing liberals are considered.
The review is devoted to the first large-scale publication of sources on the culture of the Samara province during the First World War. The book was prepared by the staff of the Samara Regional Universal Scientific Library, among whom experienced historians which included experienced historians and was assisted by specialists from other cultural institutions. It meets modern criteria for the selection and publication of documentary materials. A contribution has been made to the study of the cultural life in a difficult era. It will intensify work on such publications on other territories.
The article is devoted to the history of cholera epidemics in the Russian Empire in the 20–30s of the XIX century with an emphasis on the events in the Lower Volga region in 1830–1831. Working with unique archival materials, the author made an attempt to restore the chronology of those alarming events from the appearance of patient zero in 1830 in the suburbs of Astrakhan to the spread of the epidemic beyond the Astrakhan province in the Lower Volga region, trying to find an answer to the question of why the second cholera epidemic, which began again on the Volga, acquired such a scale in such a short time. The article examines the content of a number of documents related to the correspondence of Emperor Nicholas I and A. Kh. Benckendorff with a number of officials who took part in the fight against cholera in the Lower Volga region. The correspondents who wrote reports to the capital were A. S. Osipov, V. Ya. Roslavets, I. Lavrov, Mikulin, M. Sobolevsky, V. Bykov, L. V. Dubelt and others. This correspondence, revealing the essence of the events that took place in Astrakhan, is stored in the State Archives of the Russian Federation, as well as in the State Archives of the Saratov region.
