Background. The transformation of agro-industrial waste into a strategic resource for energy decentralisation is crucial. In view of modern security challenges and the European Green Deal, there is a growing need for agroindustrial enterprises to transition to closed circular bioeconomy cycles, where intellectual capital and digitalisation serve as the basis for innovative progress. Purpose. The purpose is to provide a comprehensive assessment the potential for biofuel production from waste in the agricultural sector of Ukraine and justify its strategic role in ensuring energy independence, using a model to assess the technical and energy potential of biomass, taking into account environmental and logistical constraints. Findings. A model of the integrated technical and energy potential of the agro-industrial complex biomass was developed and tested based on ecological and technological screening principles for the period 2022-2025. The methodology considers the agro-ecological qualification (removal of no more than 25-30% of plant residues to preserve humus) and the institutional barrier of large-scale commercialisation (screening of dispersed waste from the private livestock sector), based on which the commercial potential of Ukrainian agro-biomass was determined at the level of 4.63 million tons of oil equivalent (toe) and its regional decomposition was carried out. The involvement of food industry enterprises (sugar and alcohol plants) as logistics hubs for biomethane and digestate production has optimised supply chains and reduced logistics costs by 30-40% compared to the decentralised collection of distributed biomass. Due to the concentration of significant volumes of homogeneous waste at the industrial sites of these enterprises, the maximum methane yield is achieved through co-fermentation, increasing the investment attractiveness of biogas projects and accelerating their payback. Implications. The effective conversion of agricultural waste into biofuels can significantly reduce the consumption of fossil resources (natural gas and coal) in local heat and power supply systems. The main barriers to the development of circular models are a lack of long-term investment capital and institutional restrictions on the integration of biomethane into the network. The practical significance of the results lies in the development of applied tools for government agencies and businesses to support regional energy development strategies and climate neutrality programs.
Background. A pressing challenge in mechanical engineering is increasing labour productivity during the “cutting” operation. This topic is highly relevant because cutting tool capabilities continue to lag behind the technical potential of modern automated turning equipment. The solution is to apply innovative methods and software in production management and mechanical engineering. Purpose. The aim is to analyse and optimise the processing modes of complex parts and manage the implementation of innovations in mechanical engineering to achieve higher efficiency. Findings. A comparable tendency was identified in the second classification category of the probabilistic neural network model, characterised by improved performance indicators. For the model with comparatively lower classification performance, both the first and second output categories achieved the same accuracy of 90.0%. An assessment of the structural and technological characteristics of components with intricate profile geometries indicates that machining efficiency is strongly influenced by the complexity of part geometry and the diversity of manufacturing procedures when automated multifunctional equipment is applied. The final values of the “weight coefficients W” and “bases B” were determined, and the resulting matrix structures support compliance with the minimum Mean-Squared Error (MSE) criterion while increasing the reliability of predictive outcomes in evaluating production risk for mechanically engineered components and systems. Implications. The evaluation of machining-mode selection demonstrates that identifying optimal manufacturing conditions for components with sophisticated profile surfaces processed on automated systems remains a major engineering and economic challenge. Existing approaches for parametric optimisation insufficiently incorporate technological constraints. As the application of materials with specific physical and mechanical characteristics expands, along with the increasing geometric complexity of components and the wider implementation of multifunctional automated systems, technological production planning increasingly depends on the effective determination of cutting parameters and tool geometry, thereby contributing to improved manufacturing performance.
Background. The construction sector is project-based and multi-actor, which means that early design and procurement decisions determine long-term environmental and social impacts. However, the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework remains too broad to guide daily trade-offs and produce the verifiable, comparable evidence that clients and regulators demand. Construction firms require an operational logic that translates sustainability aims into managerial levers, embeds them in project routines, and produces verifiable performance information suitable for assurance and procurement evaluation. Purpose. This study develops a construction-tailored framework that translates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) themes into implementation architecture for sustainable business model innovation (BMI). The aim is to make ESG actionable at the level of value proposition design, key activities, partner governance, and value capture, while preserving proportionality and reporting readiness. Findings. An integrative literature review and conceptual framework analysis produced three connected artefacts: (i) a VSME-aligned ESG theme structure; (ii) a Sustainable Construction Business Model Canvas; and (iii) an ESG–Business Model–KPI matrix with indicative metrics for embodied carbon via EPD/LCA, waste diversion and circularity measures, health and safety incident frequency (e.g., TRIR/LTIFR), and governance and compliance controls. The artefacts establish traceable linkages between ESG themes and business-model components, and translate them into decision rules relevant to tendering, procurement, and site management. The framework is calibrated for proportionality, enabling SMEs to adopt a minimum viable indicator set while allowing larger contractors to extend coverage to Scope 3 engagement, supplier due diligence, and assurance-ready data processes. Implications. ESG is reframed from a reporting overlay into implementation architecture for sustainable business model innovation in construction. The proposed framework supports prioritisation, measurable performance management, and stakeholder transparency, and can be adapted to organisational size and data maturity. Future research should validate the hypothesised causal pathways through multiple-case studies, expert elicitation, and project-level KPI testing, including ex-ante dashboards that connect leading indicators to cost, risk, and schedule outcomes.
Background. This study empirically investigates the link between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and inflation in Azerbaijan, a resource-rich transitioning economy seeking to diversify and stabilise its economic structure. Although FDI is widely regarded as a crucial engine of economic growth, its influence on inflation remains ambiguous, particularly in developing and transitioning economies characterised by structural imbalances and external dependencies. This issue is particularly relevant given Azerbaijan's ongoing efforts to attract and retain foreign investment while gradually transitioning from an oil-dependent growth model to a more diversified and environmentally sustainable economic structure. Purpose. This study aims to determine whether FDI inflows contribute to price stabilisation or exert inflationary pressure in the Azerbaijan economy. Findings. This analysis employs yearly time-series data for 1993-2024, with INF as the dependent variable and FDI as the key independent variable. The official exchange rate is included as a control variable, given its significant influence on domestic prices and foreign investment dynamics. Prior to estimation, the series' stationarity was tested using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron unit root tests. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to identify the short-and long-term associations among the series. The estimation results indicate that FDI has a negative, statistically significant impact on inflation in the short and long run. This finding suggests that FDI inflows contribute to lower inflation in Azerbaijan, implying a deflationary effect on the economy. Such supply-side effects may arise from FDIdriven technology transfer, efficiency gains, and capacity expansion, thereby alleviating cost-push inflationary pressure. In contrast, exchange rate depreciation has a positive and persistent influence on inflation, particularly in the long run. Implication. The findings confirm that FDI acts as a key stabilising force against inflation in Azerbaijan, particularly through supply-side and productivity channels. Simultaneously, exchange rate movements remain a critical source of inflationary pressure that warrants close policy attention.
Background. The intensification of climate, energy and geopolitical risks contributes to the formation of a fundamentally new paradigm of strategic economic planning. For countries characterised by institutional fragility and increased geopolitical vulnerability, postponing the green energy transition is associated with a potentially non-linear escalation of economic losses due to the cumulative and mutually reinforcing impact of systemic risks. Purpose. The study aims to conduct an analysis of green energy transition, with an emphasis on the economic interpretation of the “cost of choice”, and on identifying barriers that may hinder the large-scale implementation of renewable energy sources. Findings. The methodological basis is a discounted expected cost model that accounts for direct investment, probabilistic estimates of energy shocks, and related macroeconomic losses. The analytical horizon was 10 years, with a 5% discount rate. The cumulative discounted “opportunity cost” of the active green transition scenario in Ukraine is USD 28.12 billion, while the status quo scenario reaches USD 75.06 billion. The total costs, adjusted for energy shocks, under the green transition scenario are estimated at USD 1.7 billion, compared to USD 9.2 billion under the status quo scenario. The risk of disruption in the energy sector under the green transition scenario is estimated at approximately 15%. However, the current energy balance relies heavily on traditional energy sources, significantly increasing risks and raising the probability of system failure to 40%. The cumulative costs of inaction are projected to reach a staggering USD 47 billion over the next decade of planning. Consequently, the initial capital outlays required for green initiatives are effectively offset by the mitigation of these long-term financial liabilities. Implications. Delaying the green transition leads to a non-linear increase in macroeconomic losses, with the “cost of inaction” significantly exceeding the costs of active transformation. In this context, accelerating decarbonisation is crucial not only as a goal to combat climate change but also as a key strategy to reduce systemic risks and enhance the resilience of the energy sector. Furthermore, the opportunity cost methodology proposed in this paper represents an effective tool for addressing the challenges of modern energy management and strategic planning.
Background. To successfully modernise public governance for the digital era, the strategic adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) is an absolute necessity. The AI, however, cannot deliver sustainable value in a vacuum. Unlocking its true potential depends on institutional readiness, proactive regulatory frameworks, and robust governance capacity to mitigate both operational and societal risks. Purpose. This study aims to examine how the evolving EU AI Act’s governance framework shapes the concept of Sustainable Digital Governance and to evaluate AI literacy and institutional readiness among Croatian civil servants as critical prerequisites for responsible AI deployment. Findings. This empirical study utilises survey data collected in mid-2025 from Croatian civil servants to evaluate AI literacy, perceptions, and organisational readiness. While these preliminary findings are subject to certain methodological limitations, they reveal a severe implementation gap between regulatory mandates and institutional capacity. 73.6% of surveyed officials reported no prior exposure to AI-related training or professional discourse, and 80.2% could not identify high-risk AI systems within their operational environments. 62.6% noted a lack of organisational guidance on AI software utilities and their associated risks, leaving only 25.3% who felt capable of executing tasks in compliance with AI Act risk-mitigation standards. Implications. These insights demonstrate that successful public sector AI governance requires moving beyond mere regulatory compliance to embrace targeted capacity-building, institutional learning, and well-defined national implementation strategies. Ultimately, this study synthesises theoretical perspectives with empirical data to introduce a holistic framework for the sustainable governance of AI systems. It concludes with actionable recommendations designed to guide policymakers and organisational leaders through the regulatory and operational complexities of an AI-driven landscape.
Background. Healthcare work is shaped by a combination of physical effort and cognitive workloads. Prolonged exposure to these demands can contribute to musculoskeletal strain, fatigue, and risks to both patient and staff safety. Although Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) have been applied in healthcare for some time, less attention has been paid to the interaction between ergonomic conditions and Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) in everyday clinical work. Purpose. This study aimed to explore how frontline healthcare professionals experienced ergonomic changes in relation to physical strain, cognitive load, and their ability to adapt to demanding clinical work environments. Findings. This exploratory single-case study focused on ergonomic improvement initiatives implemented during 2022-2023 in a public general hospital in China and combined semi-structured interviews with non-participant observations involving 15 frontline healthcare professionals (7 doctors and 8 nurses) from five hospital units. The data were interpreted through an integrated ergonomics-CSE lens using thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: perceived reduction in physical workload, redistribution of cognitive load, and adaptation to stressful situations. Overall, 80.0% of the participants reported lower physical strain after the ergonomic changes. Nurses tended to highlight improvements in patient transfer and bedside care, whereas doctors more frequently cited fewer workflow interruptions and better concentration during procedures. Implications. The integrated ergonomics-CSE perspective provides a useful way to understand the connections among physical working conditions, cognitive demands and adaptive practices in routine clinical work. In this single-case study, ergonomic initiatives were linked to safer task performance, enhanced task focus, and improved adaptation to demanding hospital environments. These findings indicate that this perspective can complement a broader sociotechnical framework when hospital managers make decisions on equipment procurement, workflow redesign, staff support, and ergonomic training priorities.
Background. Amidst an increasingly dynamic global economic landscape, understanding how green innovation contributes to sustainable performance remains a crucial research agenda. Despite its growing popularity, existing studies continue to report fragmented and divergent outcomes regarding the effects of green innovation on sustainable performance. Purpose. This study presents a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of 211 peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2025, sourced from the Scopus and ScienceDirect databases. Findings. Utilising VOS Viewer software, this research draws on the epistemological construction of the disciplines. It identifies six thematic clusters: (1) eco-environmental innovation and sustainable finance, (2) CSR and green supply chains for business performance, (3) circular economy and sustainable supply chain development, (4) digital transformation and ESG-oriented sustainability, (5) green and sustainable manufacturing research landscape, and (6) AI-based innovation and ESG performance. For the keyword co-occurrence analysis, a complete counting method was applied with a minimum keyword occurrence threshold of 5 to reduce analytical noise and enhance map interpretability, which was considered appropriate given the final dataset size. Network normalisation and visualisation were performed using the association strength method, following the standard VOSviewer procedures to ensure transparency and reproducibility. Implications. This study shows a shift from a fundamental conceptualisation of green innovation toward its strategic alignment with dynamic capabilities, absorptive capacity, and digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, that enable green, digital, and resilient economic transitions. This study provides a holistic picture of the scope, geographic distribution, and temporal evolution of green innovation research and reveals gaps in geographic and sectoral coverage, particularly in emerging economies.
Background. The healthcare system plays a pivotal role in implementing socio-economic, medical, and public health measures to safeguard fundamental human rights, specifically health protection, disease prevention, timely treatment, and the extension of life expectancy. This study examines the requirements for medical institutions to obtain certification from international organisations, analyses hospital accreditation in Georgia, examines the current state of healthcare quality, and outlines future perspectives. Purpose. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of accreditation as a mechanism for improving hospital medical services through accreditation and was conducted using a structured questionnaire administered to medical personnel. Findings. The objective of the data analysis was to determine the quality of healthcare services provided by clinics to the population and assess staff awareness of the responsibility of hospital quality management units in ensuring service quality utilising the SPSS software. Additionally, healthcare employees consider implementing international accreditation in medical institutions. General and advanced statistical analyses were employed to explore these issues. A total of 336 valid responses from healthcare personnel employed in private clinics across Georgia were included in the analysis. Spearman's correlation analysis identified a statistically significant positive relationship between perceived improvements in healthcare quality and staff engagement in accreditation-related activities. Furthermore, the chi-square test demonstrated a significant association between clinic location and awareness of international accreditation organisations. The findings also revealed that most respondents perceived accreditation as an important mechanism for improving patient safety, organisational management, and the overall quality of healthcare services. Implications. Hospital executives must establish dedicated institutional support units to structurally reduce the administrative burden on medical personnel during accreditation transitions. Furthermore, healthcare policymakers can use these empirical insights to design targeted financial and mental health incentive frameworks for staff. Ultimately, integrating these findings into national strategies will optimise the execution of mandatory compliance policies, turning regulatory pressure into a sustainable mechanism for hospital service quality and competitiveness.
Background. Modern logistics is impossible without the construction and development of intermodal logistics hubs, the effectiveness of which largely depends on the level of digitalisation and the quality of operational coordination, which are key factors in their competitiveness. Purpose. This study aims to analyse the role and importance of modern intermodal logistics terminals in achieving efficiency in the integration of transport networks and to evaluate the impact of digitalisation and organisational coordination on the efficiency of intermodality in Bulgaria. Findings. The analysis revealed average terminal efficiency, primarily due to insufficient coordination among supply chain participants and increased cargo idle time. Infrastructure limitations are less critical than partial digitalisation and the lack of comprehensive digital solutions. The overall efficiency of intermodal terminals in Bulgaria is rated as average, with 47% of respondents rating it only as “satisfactory”. Weak coordination between operators (66% of participants) and insufficient digital integration were cited as key issues. The latter point is supported by the fact that 69% of specialists rated the current level of digitalisation as average or low, and 63% consider its improvement a key development priority. The lack of coordination and digital solutions directly correlates with operational losses, as cargo dwell times reach 3-6 hours; however, with better organisation, this can be reduced to 1-3 hours. According to 82% of respondents, these delays lead to increased logistics costs. The results confirm that the development of digitalisation is the foundation for improved coordination and operational efficiency, making it a key factor in optimisation. Implications. Digital integration is emerging as a strategically more important factor in the current development of intermodal terminals, and skilled integrated information management, especially against the backdrop of the country's strategic geographical location, will lead to rapid opportunities to improve the overall efficiency of intermodal terminals. Standardisation of electronic customer relationship management (e-CRM) documents and the use of full automation capabilities, including optical character recognition (OCR), radio-frequency identification (RFID), and terminal operating system (TOS) integration, are also recommended for future studies.
Background. Digital technologies have significantly improved logistics efficiency and transparency. An analysis of TBC Logistics data (Georgian logistics company) indicates faster delivery, improved security, and higher customer satisfaction. Workforce competence, technological innovation, and organisational adaptability are essential drivers of sustainable growth. This study uses regression analysis to assess the impact of digital technologies on the logistics sector. Purpose. This study investigates the influence of digital technologies on efficiency and transparency in the Georgian logistics sector. The aim includes analysing and integrating technologies in the logistics sector, identifying opportunities for improvement and challenges, using workforce competencies, and evaluating how digital transformation increases competitiveness, innovation, and the long-term strategic development of the logistics sector. Findings. The analysis shows that digital technologies have a positive impact on logistics processes. The regression model explains 68% of the variance in employee positive experience (R2 = 0.68), demonstrating strong explanatory power of the included independent variables. This does not imply a 68% improvement, but rather that the model explains 68% of the variability in the dependent variable. Among the predictors, technology effectiveness shows the most decisive influence on employee positive experience, with a standardised coefficient (beta = 0.42, p <= 0.01), indicating a moderately strong effect. Factor analysis highlighted workforce competencies, technological innovation, and organisational stability as key factors (KMO = 0.78; Bartlett's test p < 0.01). Implication. Digital transformation fundamentally improves logistics operations by increasing efficiency and enhancing decision-making. Companies such as TBC Logistics achieve faster deliveries, reduce operational risks, and support sustainable growth in this manner. The integration of digital technologies uses personal training to improve organisational sustainability objectives in the modern logistics sector.
Background. Logistical gaps and territorial deformations of production capacities create unprecedented challenges for the dairy industry. This requires modernising capital investment management by transitioning to strategic investment in intelligent control systems, revising financial mechanisms, and integrating environmental sustainability into the "from farm to fork" concept to ensure enterprise viability. Purpose. The purpose is to substantiate the development of a model for capital investment management by integrating end-to-end digital technologies into the "farm-to-fork" value chain, combining physical asset management (CAPEX) with the implementation of biogas (Bio-CNG) infrastructure. Findings. Analysis of the dynamics of gross milk production and investment activity in Ukraine in 2020-2024 revealed a deep structural transformation of the dairy market, characterised by a transition to intensive business models and the redistribution of production capacities toward the western and central regions. The strategic architecture of investment support enabled the formation of a holistic system of digital control over capital investments, ensuring the transition from spontaneous capacity renewal to strategic management of financial resources and increased enterprise competitiveness in the global dairy market. The use of AI-based predictive maintenance and digital twins optimises CAPEX and reduces OPEX by integrating renewable energy (Bio-CNG) into the logistics chain. The proposed model demonstrates how digital transparency creates premium value for products through eco-labelling and blockchain verification. The implementation of the Value-Chain Digital Control Model ensured a 75% increase in net profit, an increase in return on investment from 20% to 35% (by 15 percentage points), and a 44% reduction in the payback period (from 5 to 2.8 years). Implication. The dairy sector demonstrates adaptive resilience, with a trend toward producing high-value-added products for export. The developed digital architecture "from farm to fork" (Blockchain and Internet of Things) provides end-to-end quality control and protection of intellectual capital. The integration of bio-CNG infrastructure is a critical driver of energy independence and reduced logistics costs. Digital modernisation, combined with social and environmental responsibility, is identified as a priority mechanism for ensuring the competitiveness of Ukrainian dairy enterprises in the EU markets.
Background. Air pollution is a significant threat to human health and the global environment. In the context of climate change, air pollution is becoming increasingly severe and challenging to control. In regions with harsh climates, such as Nghe An Province (Vietnam), controlling air pollution becomes even more difficult. Climate change has accelerated the formation of ozone (O3), prolonged the retention time of pollutants in the air, and increased the risk of forest fires, leading to the dispersion of particulate matter and other impacts. Appropriate air quality management measures are necessary to ensure that the air environment of Nghe An Province meets national standards. Purpose. This study aims to examine the current level of air pollution in Nghe An Province by analysing monitoring data and air quality management policies. The air quality monitoring data will be compared with Vietnam's National Technical Regulation on Air Quality (QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT) to assess the pollution status. The study also proposes sustainable air quality management solutions tailored to climate change in Nghe An Province, addressing both the short-term and long-term implications. Findings. The study used data from 119 air quality monitoring points across Nghe An Province, with areas including rural, urban, industrial, construction, mining, landfill, traffic, and tourist areas. An analysis of the concentrations of pollutants such as SO2, CO, NO2, and Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) showed that Nghe An's air quality was good, with most indicators remaining within the safe limits prescribed by QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT. However, some monitoring points recorded values that exceeded the permissible threshold. Of the 119 monitoring points, seven exceeded the limit for TSP (accounting for 5.9%). The TSP concentration fluctuated from 111 & micro;g/Nm3 to 432 & micro;g/Nm3 during the study period. Although the province has directed efforts toward air quality management, several bottlenecks remain, including the limited application of modern technology and the inadequate management of agricultural waste burning. To ensure sustainable development under climate change, several air quality management measures have been proposed for Nghe An Province to improve air quality. Implications. The air environment faces challenges as climate change significantly impacts environmental pollution. An analysis of air quality monitoring data from 119 stations across Nghe An Province indicated that the air quality was generally good, with only 5.9% of the stations reporting TSP concentrations that exceeded national standards. Although the current air quality in Nghe An Province is within safe limits, appropriate management solutions are necessary to ensure the health and safety of the local population and to guarantee sustainable development.
Background. The global economy is operating amid increasing turbulence, driving deep demographic transformations, large-scale migration flows, and instability in consumer demand. Accordingly, human capital becomes a system-forming factor in sustainable organisational competitiveness, as it determines not only enterprises' production capacities but also the structure and dynamics of the market demand. This necessitates the development of new analytical and adaptive approaches to ensure the potential of marketing support for organisational competitiveness, considering the demographic context. Purpose. This study aims to quantify the impact of human capital on the potential of marketing support for organisational competitiveness in conditions of global turbulence using integrated accounting, analytical and management approaches. Findings. The study substantiates an analytical model that combines the demographic characteristics of human capital with indicators of enterprises' marketing potential. An integrated Marketing Human Capital Pressure Index (MHCPI) was developed to aggregate the impacts of population decline, a decline in the working-age population, and consumer ageing. In Ukraine, from 2016 to 2021, the MHCPI increased from 0.052 to 0.059, reflecting a gradual structural demographic pressure. Structural analysis showed that during this period, more than 85% of the index value was due to population ageing. In contrast, in 2022-2023, the solvent consumer outflow factor became dominant, accounting for over 50%. The study results emphasise the need for enterprises to transition to adaptive mechanisms to ensure the potential of marketing support for organisational competitiveness. Implications. Human capital transformation is a system-forming factor that shapes the marketing environment and organisational competitiveness. The proposed conceptual model of human capital's impact on the potential of marketing support for competitiveness provides a basis for substantiating an adaptive mechanism to minimise demographic risks and transform human capital into a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Integrating accounting and analytical blocks ensures that key human capital indicators are linked to marketing results, thereby increasing the validity of management decisions amid increasing global turbulence.
Background. Turnover remains high in Zimbabwe's construction sector, which employs thousands of skilled and unskilled workers and contributes significantly to the national economy. However, excessive staff turnover reduces productivity and revenues. The construction sector's potential and dynamism are directly related to the level of employee commitment, organisational citizenship behaviour, and fair work experience of its employees. These are key elements of sustainable, long-term human resource management that can help construction companies address the diverse needs and expectations of both potential and existing employees while preserving long-term business opportunities. Purpose. This study aimed to examine the moderating effect of decent work on the relationship between employee commitment (EC) and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in the Zimbabwean construction sector. Findings. The study adopted a quantitative methodology to obtain data from a convenience sample of 200 participants employed in the construction industry. The data were analysed using SmartPLS 4.0 and SPSS. The findings show a strong relationship among the variables, highlighting their significant roles in explaining the variance in the constructs. Specifically, the results show that Decent Work is positively related to Employee Commitment (beta = 0.456, p < 0.001) and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (beta = 0.178, p < 0.025); Employee Commitment is positively associated with Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (beta = 0.191, p < 0.019). Furthermore, the results show that Decent Work (DW) moderates the relationship between Employee Commitment (EC) and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (beta = 0.054, p < 0.043). Implications. This research provides information on the policy guidelines adopted by governments regarding the promotion of the concept 'decent work' in the construction sector. The findings suggest that construction firm managers should adopt decent work practices to retain top talent. Furthermore, employee engagement and corporate citizenship must be enhanced through initiatives that support employee well-being. This study provides governments with valuable information for developing policies that foster the creation of high-quality employment opportunities in the construction industry. Therefore, organisations seeking to develop employee engagement and corporate citizenship should consider creating a high-quality work environment.
Background. Taxation is a fundamental instrument of macroeconomic policy, and its influence across various economic and social domains remains one of the most significant subjects of research. Particular attention is devoted to examining the capacity of taxation to regulate economic cycles, shape dynamic processes, and affect the market equilibrium of an economic system. The development of dynamic models of economic equilibrium incorporating endogenous tax factors as a methodological foundation for macroeconomic policy constitutes a significant research objective. Purpose. This study examines the impact of taxation indicators on macroeconomic dynamics within the dynamic IS-LM framework, incorporating endogenous taxes, mathematical and simulation analyses of oscillatory conditions, and assessment of the influence of tax variables on dynamic regimes. Findings. This study presents a modified IS-LM model with endogenous taxes, demonstrating the potential influence of taxation on the type of dynamics of economic systems, particularly the exit from the fluctuation zone and vice versa. The theoretical analysis of the model consists of two stages: 1) mathematical analysis of the tax parameter's influence on the type of dynamics of the economic system, and 2) simulation analysis based on the System Dynamics concept. As a result of the first stage, mathematically justified bounds for the tax rate were obtained, which determine its potential (in combination with other parameters) to reflect the diversity of economic systems. In particular, it is shown that for certain values of other model parameters, the transition from fluctuations is possible with both a high tax burden (e.g. above 50%) and a low one (e.g. 20% or below). Implications. The simulation model developed using the System Dynamics concept demonstrates the possibility of analysing feedback loops that include key variables of the model, revealing reinforcing or balancing mechanisms within closed chains of endogenous variables, and of multivariate calculations and analysis of the impact of various combinations of exogenous parameters on selected response functions (GDP or Interest rate) with the subsequent development of regression meta-models.
Background. This study highlights the importance of analysing and assessing various aspects of regional connectivity in the context of integrating ICT into infrastructure and related facility management. In Bulgaria and the Balkans, there is a significant deficit in regional transport connectivity, which hinders the formation of a single spatial-economic and transport-geographical community. This creates an urgent need for improved governance and the implementation of ICT solutions to strengthen regional transportation connectivity. Purpose. This study aims to analyse and evaluate alternative approaches to modelling regional connectivity in the context of modern, innovative governance, and to outline opportunities to improve connectivity in the Balkans. Findings. The results of this study demonstrate that an intelligent interconnected model integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, mobile communication systems, and sustainability principles provides an effective basis for comprehensive infrastructure monitoring and management. Simultaneously, the study reveals structural problems in infrastructure management, particularly excessively long project preparation times (averaging around 3 years) and the lack of bypass roads around major urban centres. To develop North-South connectivity in the Balkans, it is necessary to construct a fifth route through Bulgaria. The study found a strong relationship between road network density and regional economic growth. The average road network density in Bulgaria is 0.1800 km of road per km2, and the average regional GDP per capita is 12,899.85 EUR. Implications. The incorporation of e-government into regional development can enhance the effectiveness of implementing transport connectivity policies across different modes of transport and their adaptability to the European Union. However, several infrastructure and transportation problems need to be addressed (project delays, lack of bypass roads, and poor rail connectivity). The modernisation of motorways, construction of the rail network, and major infrastructure projects on the Danube (multimodal terminals and bridge facilities) and the Black Sea will shape connectivity patterns. Moreover, this will create preconditions for increased investment in and strengthening of the existing road networks.
Background. The study examines the transformation of the logistics component of enterprises' competitiveness in the agricultural sector of Ukraine under conditions of spatial economic changes driven by military events and the restructuring of export infrastructure. The relevance of analysing export logistics channels stems from their decisive role in the resilience of agricultural production given changes in transport route configurations, increased risks, and the need to adapt to new geo-economic conditions. Purpose. This study aims to analyse the impact of the structure and diversification of export logistics channels on the competitiveness of the agricultural sector and develop an integrated approach to measure the logistics component of comprehensive performance. Findings. The study employs statistical, comparative analysis methods, and an index approach to assess the structure of logistics flows. The dynamics of agricultural production indices for 2014-2024, the structure of export logistic flows, and the share of transport modes in agricultural exports are also considered. The diversification index of logistics channels was calculated, reflecting the transition from a highly concentrated logistics structure to a more diversified one. A Logistics Competitiveness Index was also constructed, which integrates export volume, degree of diversification, and the share of alternative routes. The results demonstrated a transition from a mono-channel maritime model in 2021 to a diversified configuration in 2022-2023, which performed an adaptive function and contributed to the recovery of export activity. In 2024, the export volume increased to 70 million tonnes, 12.9% more than in 2023 (62 million tonnes). However, this occurred against the background of a partial return to a more concentrated structure of logistics flows, driven by the restoration of the maritime transport channel's role. Implications. The competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in a transformed economic space is determined not only by the scale of exports but also by the structural balance of transport channels. Maintaining a multichannel logistics model is considered a key element of logistics innovation mechanisms to ensure resilience and long-term competitive advantage.
Background. Energy and food security, as well as resilience to climate change, are key priorities in development strategies. Increasing prices of conventional energy resources and their uneven distribution across countries are major drivers of the development of renewable energy sources. The production and use of biofuels play a crucial role among renewable energy sources, reducing dependence on imported conventional fuels and creating new employment opportunities. Purpose. This study aims to develop scenarios for the production and consumption of liquid biofuels in Ukraine to increase energy security and ensure sustainable development. Findings. The production of liquid biofuels revealed that leading countries producing bioethanol and biodiesel often have traditional energy sources but are diversifying their energy portfolios. An algorithm for choosing between the food and energy use of crops was proposed, based on key selection criteria such as the level of domestic crop provision, the level of national energy security, and the efficiency of using crops for energy purposes relative to exports. This study identified the potential for bioethanol and biodiesel production in Ukraine based on export scenarios. This demonstrates Ukraine's potential to meet its needs and export finished bioenergy products (biofuels) to European and global energy markets. Three comprehensive scenarios for the production and consumption of biofuels in Ukraine up to 2035 were developed with target indicators for the substitution of traditional fuels at levels of 6%, 12% and 20%, respectively. The required areas for sowing optimal crops (wheat (20%), corn (40%), sugar beet (40%) for bioethanol and rapeseed (100%) for biodiesel) were calculated. To achieve the target indicators, these areas will amount to 1.8%, 3.6%, and 5.9% of the average crop area in Ukraine in 2020-2023, which demonstrates that biofuel production will not threaten food security. Implications. Agricultural crop distribution for sustainable biofuel production and energy security strategies can serve as the basis for Ukraine’s long-term national bioenergy policy, thereby increasing energy security and achieving climate goals. Implementing integrated scenarios will require allocating the necessary cropping areas, but the analysis indicates this will not threaten food security.
Background. In a time marked by globalisation, environmental challenges, and rising social expectations, European businesses face increasing pressure to align profitability with ethical responsibility and sustainable development. Purpose. This study analyses how organisational ethics and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are integrated into European business strategies and assesses their strategic impact on sustainability and competitiveness with a focus on Romania. The study analyses the conceptualisation of CSR, the evolution of sustainability reporting in Europe (2010-2025), compared regional models, and conducted a sectoral analysis that considered changes in EU legislation. Findings. The study applies a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of CSR indicators, such as sustainability reporting rates, performance metrics, and policy data (2010-2025), with qualitative case studies and comparative assessments at the firm and sector levels. CSR has evolved from a voluntary, philanthropic concern into a strategic necessity. Across Europe, 82% of major firms now issue sustainability reports, while Romania's reporting rate among large companies rose to 74% by 2022, signalling rapid but still incomplete convergence with Western standards and proving the persistence of significant regional differences. CSR and ethics improve innovation capacity, risk mitigation, stakeholder trust and are positively associated with long-term competitiveness. Implications. Corporate social responsibility and organisational ethics have become core drivers of long-term competitiveness in European markets. However, persistent regional disparities mean that Western Europe operates with mature and stakeholder-oriented corporate social responsibility models. In contrast, in Romania, social responsibility remains an emerging component of organisational culture, primarily driven by EU integration and regulatory pressures. For Romania, sustainable success will depend on deepening the transition from formal compliance to genuinely embedding ethical and sustainable business practices.
